Incidencia de la enfermedad de Lyme en España / Incidence of Lyme disease in Spain

No disponible

[Mediterranean Spotted Fever: epidemiological Assessment in Spain during the Period 2009-2012]. / Fiebre botonosa mediterránea: epidemiología en España durante el periodo 2009-2012.

BACKGROUND: The Mediterranean Spotted Fever (MSF) is a zoonosis, produced by Rickettsia conorii whose vector is Rhipicephallus sanguineus. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology in Spain and its Autonomous Communities (AA.CC) and the average cost during the period 2009-2012. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients, between 2009-2012, whose diagnostic at hospital discharge was encoded, according to the International Classification of Diseases 9th revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9CM) as 82.1 (MSF). The information was collected through the minimum basic data set. Incidence rates of the disease were calculated in Spain and its Autonomous Communities. The fStats software was used for comparison of rates based on age, sex, annual, seasonal and AA.CC's distribution. The average cost (in euros) was calculated according to the state standard. RESULTS: The incidence rate was 0,36 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year during 2009-2012, with 667 admissions. The highest incidence was obtained in Ceuta and La Rioja with an incidence of 1,9 and 1,87 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. No cases were detected in Cantabria nor Canarias. The relative risk male female was 2:1 (p value<0,05). The predominant age group was over 55 years (327 cases). The months with the most cases were from June to September (466 cases), producing a peak in the number of cases in August (137 cases). The mortality rate was 0,3%. The average cost was 4.647,205 €. CONCLUSION: The incidence of MSF was low, with a heterogeneous geographical distribution and with higher frequency during the month of August. Patients of all ages were detected, predominantly for males over 55 years old. The hospital mortality rate was small.

Fiebre botonosa mediterránea: epidemiología en España durante el periodo 2009-2012 / Mediterranean Spotted Fever: Epidemiological Assessment in Spain during the Period 2009-2012

Fundamento: La Fiebre Botonosa Mediterránea (FBM) es una zoonosis producida por Rickettsia conorii cuyo vector es Rhipicephallus sanguineus. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la epidemiología y el coste medio de la fiebre botonosa en España y sus comunidades autónomas durante el período 2009-2012). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional del período 2009-2012 utilizando como fuente de información el Conjunto Mínimo de Datos (CMBD), identificando las altas hospitalaria cuyo diagnóstico, de acuerdo a la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades 9ª revisión Modificación Clínica (CIE-9MC) fue 82.1 (fiebre botonosa mediterránea). Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia de dicha enfermedad en España y cada una de las comunidades autónomas. El coste medio (en euros) se calculó de acuerdo a la norma estatal para grupos diagnósticos relacionados. Se utilizó el software fStats para la comparación de tasas según la edad, sexo, distribución anual, estacional y por CCAA. Resultados: Durante el período de estudio se identificaron 667 ingresos con diagnóstico al alta de fiebre botonosa mediterránea, siendo la tasa de incidencia fue de 0,36 casos por 100.000 habitantes. La mayor incidencia se dio en Ceuta y La Rioja con una incidencia de 1,9 y 1,87 casos por 100.000 habitantes y año. No se detectaron casos en Cantabria ni en Canarias. El riesgo relativo hombre/mujer fue 2:1 (valor de p<0,05). El grupo etario predominante fue el de los mayores de 55 años (327 casos). Los meses con más casos fueron de junio-septiembre (466 casos), produciéndose un pico de casos en agosto (137 casos). La tasa de mortalidad fue 0,3%. El coste medio fue de 4.647,205€. Conclusión: La incidencia de la fiebre botonosa mediterránea durante el período estudiado fue menor que en períodos anteriores, con una distribución por comunidades autónomas heterogénea y con mayor frecuencia durante el mes de agosto. Se detectaron pacientes de todas las edades, predominando los varones mayores de 55 años. La tasa de mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue pequeña (AU)

Background: The Mediterranean Spotted Fever (MSF) is a zoonosis, produced by Rickettsia conorii whose vector is Rhipicephallus sanguineus. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology in Spain and its Autonomous Communities (AA.CC) and the average cost during the period 2009-2012. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients, between 2009-2012, whose diagnostic at hospital discharge was encoded, according to the International Classification of Diseases 9th revision Clinical Modification (ICD-9CM) as 82.1 (MSF). The information was collected through the minimum basic data set. Incidence rates of the disease were calculated in Spain and its Autonomous Communities. The fStats software was used for comparison of rates based on age, sex, annual, seasonal and AA.CC´s distribution. The average cost (in euros) was calculated according to the state standard. Results: The incidence rate was 0,36 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year during 2009-2012, with 667 admissions. The highest incidence was obtained in Ceuta and La Rioja with an incidence of 1,9 and 1,87 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. No cases were detected in Cantabria nor Canarias. The relative risk male female was 2:1 (p value<0,05). The predominant age group was over 55 years (327 cases). The months with the most cases were from June to September (466 cases), producing a peak in the number of cases in August (137 cases). The mortality rate was 0,3%. The average cost was 4.647,205€. Conclusion: The incidence of MSF was low, with a heterogeneous geographical distribution and with higher frequency during the month of August. Patients of all ages were detected, predominantly for males over 55 years old. The hospital mortality rate was small (AU)

[Impact of Integrated Model for Rational Use of Antibiotics in a health area (project MIURA)]. / Impacto de un modelo integrado para el uso racional de antimicrobianos (Proyecto Miura) en un área de salud.

BACKGROUND: MIURA (Integrated Model for the Rational Use of Antimicrobials) is a project that began in January 2004 and ended in December 2006. Through quarterly and training interventions intented for physicians, pharmacists and patients, pretends to improve antibiotic use in a health area. The goal was to analyze the evolution of antibiotic consumption and assess the impact of implementing this project in a health area. METHOD: A comparative study on the evolution of antibiotic dispensed during the periods 2000-03 (pre-MIURA), 2004-06 (MIURA) and 2007-08 (post-MIURA) in the Department of Health 11 of Valencia was conduced. Antibiotics information was obtained through the GAIA application (Generalitat Valenciana) that collects information about the drugs billed by the pharmacy through the official prescriptions. Technical unit of measurement was used DHD (daily dose defined/1.000 inhabitants/day). RESULTS: During the implementation of the project (2004-2006), antibiotic consumption was reduced in 4.02 DHD. It represents a statistically significant overall reduction from 15% (p= <0.05). Since interventions started, a statistically significant decrease in DHD values was observed for macrolides (especially clarithromycin) and cephalosporines. It also exist an average decrease, not significant, for the group of quinolones, whereas penicillins and other antibiotics haven't showed variability in the consumption data. In the post-MIURA period was detected a further increase in the dispensing of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: MIURA program has positively influenced on decreasing antibiotic prescription in our health area, as shows the decrease in DHD during the interventions.

Impacto de un modelo integrado para el uso racional de antimicrobianos (proyecto Miura) en una área de salud / Impact of integrated model for rational use of antibiotics in a health area (project MIURA)

Fundamento: MIURA (Modelo Integrado para el Uso Racional de Antimicrobianos) es un proyecto que se inicio en enero de 2004 y finalizó en diciembre de 2006. Mediante intervenciones trimestrales y formativas dirigidas a médicos, farmacéuticos y pacientes, pretendió mejorar el uso de antibióticos en un área de salud. El objetivo ha sido analizar la evolución en el consumo de antibióticos y evaluar la repercusión de la implantación de este proyecto en un área de salud. Método: Se realizó un estudio comparativo sobre la evolución de la dispensación de antibióticos con receta durante los periodos 2000-03 (pre-MIURA), 2004-06 (MIURA) y 2007-08 (post-MIURA) en el Departamento de Salud 11 de la Comunidad Valenciana. La información se obtuvo a través de la aplicación informática GAIA (Generalitat Valenciana) que recoge información sobre los medicamentos facturados por las oficinas de farmacia a través de las recetas oficiales. Como unidad técnica de medida se empleó la DHD (Dosis diaria definida/1.000 Habitantes/Día). Resultados: Durante el periodo de implantación del proyecto (2004 a 2006), se detectó un descenso global de 4,02 DHD en el consumo de antibióticos, lo que representa una reducción global y significativa del 15% (p<0.05). Durante el periodo del MIURA se observó una disminución estadísticamente significativa en los valores de DHD para los grupos terapéuticos de macrólidos (especialmente claritromicina) y de cefalosporinas; también se detectó una disminución, aunque no significativa, para el grupo de las quinolonas, mientras que los grupos correspondientes a las penicilinas y a otros antibióticos no presentaron cambios. En el periodo post-MIURA se detectó un nuevo incremento en la dispensación de los antibióticos. Conclusiones: El programa MIURA ha influido positivamente en la disminución de la prescripción de antibióticos en nuestra área de salud, como demuestra el descenso en DHD durante el periodo de intervenciones(AU)

Background: MIURA (Integrated Model for the Rational Use of Antimicrobials) is a project that began in January 2004 and ended in December 2006. Through quarterly and training interventions intented for physicians, pharmacists and patients, pretends to improve antibiotic use in a health area. The goal was to analyze the evolution of antibiotic consumption and assess the impact of implementing this project in a health area. Method: A comparative study on the evolution of antibiotic dispensed during the periods 2000-03 (pre-MIURA), 2004-06 (MIURA) and 2007-08 (post-MIURA) in the Department of Health 11 of Valencia was conduced. Antibiotics information was obtained through the GAIA application (Generalitat Valenciana) that collects information about the drugs billed by the pharmacy through the official prescriptions. Technical unit of measurement was used DHD (daily dose defined/1.000 inhabitants / day). Results: During the implementation of the project (2004-2006), antibiotic consumption was reduced in 4.02 DHD. It represents a statistically significant overall reduction from 15% (p= <0.05). Since interventions started, a statistically significant decrease in DHD values was observed for macrolides (especially clarithromycin) and cephalosporines. It also exist an average decrease, not significant, for the group of quinolones, whereas penicillins and other antibiotics haven’t showed variability in the consumption data. In the post-MIURA period was detected a further increase in the dispensing of antibiotics. Conclusions: MIURA program has positively influenced on decreasing antibiotic prescription in our health area, as shows the decrease in DHD during the interventions(AU)

[Marked hypertransaminasemia incidence in a health department in the autonomous community of Valencia, Spain (2002-2003)]. / Incidencia de la hipertransaminemia marcada en un Departamento de Salud de la Comunidad Valenciana (período 2002-2003).

BACKGROUND: Marked hypertransaminasemia (HT) is not an infrequent situation within clinical practice, which is usually interpreted as primary acute liver damage. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence, mortality rate and aetiology of marked HT among the general population, and the use therefore as an indicator of primary acute liver damage. METHODS: A retrospective study was made of all patients with marked HT (ALT >400 IU/L) which were attended over a two-year period at the Healthcare Department n 11 in the Autonomous Community of Valencia. The computerized medical records and the results of the different supplementary examinations made were reviewed, and an analysis was made of different variables: clinical diagnosis and evolution, other liver function-related biochemical parameters and autoimmune and infection serology markers. RESULTS: A total of 414 patients with marked HT were identified (incidence of 88 cases/100,000 inhab./year), 73 of whom died (mortality rate of 16 deaths/100,000 inhab./year). Of the twenty aetiologies found, the most frequent were extrahepatic cholestasis (28.3%), hypoxic hepatopathy (14.6%) and sepsis (11.9%). The positive predictive value of marked HT as an indicator of primary acute liver damage was 27.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Marked HT is a disorder having a remarkable incidence rate among the general population, entailing a high mortality rate. Its aetiology is widely varied, being however the extrahepatic origin predominant.

Incidencia de la hipertransaminemia marcada en un departamento de salud de la Comunidad Valenciana (período 2002-2003) / Marked hypertransaminasemia incidence in a health department in the Autonomous Community of Valencia, Spain (2002-2003)

Fundamento: La hipertransaminasemia (HT) marcada es una situación no infrecuente en la práctica clínica, que suele interpretarse como lesión hepática aguda primaria. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la incidencia, tasa de mortalidad y etiología de la HT marcada en la población general, y su utilidad como indicadora de daño hepático agudo primario. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo los pacientes con HT marcada (ALT >400 U/L) atendidos durante un periodo de 2 años en los centros sanitarios del Departamento 11 de la Comunidad Valenciana. Se revisaron las historias clínicas informatizadas y los resultados de los diversos exámenes complementarios efectuados, analizándose diversas variables: diagnóstico clínico y evolución, otros parámetros bioquímicos de función hepática, y marcadores de serología infecciosa y autoinmunidad. Resultados: Se identificaron 414 pacientes con HT marcada (incidencia de 88 casos/100.000 hab./año), de los cuales 73 fallecieron (tasa de mortalidad de 16 fallecidos/100.000 hab/año). De las veinte etiologías encontradas, las más frecuentes fueron la colestasis extrahepática (28,3%), la hepatopatía hipóxica (14,6%) y la sepsis (11,9%). El valor predictivo positivo de la HT marcada como indicador de lesión hepática aguda primaria fue del 27,7%. Conclusiones: La HT marcada es una alteración de notable incidencia en la población general y que lleva asociada una elevada tasa de mortalidad. Su etiología es muy diversa, aunque predomina la de origen extrahepático

Background: Marked hypertransaminasemia (HT) is not an infrequent situation within clinical practice, which is usually interpreted as primary acute liver damage. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence, mortality rate and aetiology of marked HT among the general population, and the use therefore as an indicator of primary acute liver damage. Methods: A retrospective study was made of all patients with marked HT (ALT>400 IU/L) which were attended over a two-year period at the Healthcare Department nº 11 in the Autonomous Community of Valencia. The computerized medical records and the results of the different supplementary examinations made were reviewed, and an analysis was made of different variables: clinical diagnosis and evolution, other liver function-related biochemical parameters and autoimmune and infection serology markers. Results: A total of 414 patients with marked HT were identified (incidence of 88 cases/100,000 inhab./year), 73 of whom died (mortality rate of 16 deaths/100,000 inhab./year). Of the twenty aetiologies found, the most frequent were extrahepatic cholestasis (28.3%), hypoxic hepatopathy (14.6%) and sepsis (11.9%). The positive predictive value of marked HT as an indicator of primary acute liver damage was 27.7%. Conclusions: Marked HT is a disorder having a remarkable incidence rate among the general population, entailing a high mortality rate. Its aetiology is widely varied, being however the extrahepatic origin predominant