[Radiofrequency ablation as an alternative treatment for organ confined renal tumor]. / Ablación con radiofrecuencia como alternativa de tratamiento para el tumor renal localizado.

INTRODUCTION: We report our early clinical experience associated with radiofrequency (RF) ablation in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of patients treated in our hospital with kidney ecoguide RF. All of them diagnosed with renal tumor and not candidates for surgery because of bilateral tumor, significant comorbidity or refusal to surgical treatment. We use an Amitech® 220 Watts generator with an electrode tip 3 cm. Straight knitting needles and hooks. Controls were performed with axial tomography at 24h, 7 days, 1, 3 and 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. RESULTS: 11 tumors, 9 patients. The mean age was 76 years (63-85 years). The average tumor size was 3.5 cm (2.2-5.8 cm). In 2 tumors was needed prior chemoembolization. In other two new RF session was needed. 9 tumors with treatment considered effective. Mean follow-up was 17.5 months (3-52 months). One patient had local recurrence at 14 months and needed a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and two patients developed lung metastases 41.5 months after RF. There were no clinically relevant complications. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, we believe that RF is considered an alternative treatment for renal tumors with clinical stage T1 or T2 very symptomatic in patients in whom surgery is not possible, with acceptable results in the medium term, a good tolerance, reduced consumption of hospital resources and low complication rate.

Ablación con radiofrecuencia como alternativa de tratamiento para el tumor renal localizado / Radiofrequency ablation as an alternative treatment for organ confined renal tumor

Introducción: Presentamos nuestra serie inicial de tumores renales tratados mediante radiofrecuencia (RF) continua percutánea y evaluamos la eficacia, la tolerabilidad y las complicaciones de la técnica. Material y métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de los pacientes tratados en nuestro hospital con RF renal ecoguiada. Todos diagnosticados de tumor renal y no candidatos a cirugía por tumor bilateral, comorbilidad importante o rechazo al tratamiento quirúrgico. Utilizamos un generador Amitech® de 220W con una punta de electrodo de 3 cm, agujas de punta recta y en gancho. Los controles fueron realizados mediante una tomografía computarizada toracoabdominopélvica a las 24h, a los 7 días, al mes, a los 3 meses y a los 6 meses, y cada 6 meses después. Resultados: Se hallaron 11 tumores en 9 pacientes. La media de edad fue de 76 años (63–85). La media de tamaño tumoral fue de 3,5cm (2,2–5,8). En 2 tumores se necesitó de quimioembolización previa y en otros dos se necesitó una nueva sesión de RF. Hubo 9 tumores con tratamiento considerado como eficaz. La media de seguimiento fue de 17,5 meses (3–52). Un paciente tuvo persistencia de enfermedad a los 3 meses con necesidad de nefrectomía radical laparoscópica y otros dos tuvieron metástasis pulmonares a los 26,5 meses de media. No hubo complicaciones relevantes clínicamente. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, estimamos que la RF es un tratamiento considerado como una alternativa para los tumores renales de estadio clínico T1 o T2 muy sintomáticos, en pacientes en los que no es posible la cirugía, con unos resultados aceptables a medio plazo, una buena tolerancia, un escaso consumo de recursos hospitalarios y un bajo índice de complicaciones (AU)

Introduction: We report our early clinical experience associated with radiofrequency (RF) ablation in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and complicactions. Material and methods: Retrospective review of patients treated in our hospital with kidney ecoguide RF. All of them diagnosed with renal tumor and not candidates for surgery because of bilateral tumor, significant comorbidity or refusal to surgical treatment. We use an Amitech® 220 Watts generator with an electrode tip 3cm. Straight knitting needles and hooks. Controls were performed with axial tomography at 24h, 7 days, 1, 3 and 6 months and every 6 months thereafter.Results11 tumors, 9 patients. The mean age was 76 years (63–85 years). The average tumor size was 3.5cm (2,2–5,8cm). In 2 tumors was needed prior chemoembolization. In other two new RF session was needed. 9 tumors with treatment considered effective. Mean follow-up was 17.5 months (3–52 months). One patient had local recurrence at 14 months and needed a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and two patients developed lung metastases 41.5 months after RF. There were no clinically relevant complications. Conclusions: In our experience, we believe that RF is considered an alternative treatment for renal tumors with clinical stage T1 or T2 very symptomatic in patients in whom surgery is not possible, with acceptable results in the medium term, a good tolerance, reduced consumption of hospital resources and low complication rate (AU)

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bladder. A literature review]. / Histiocitoma fibroso maligno de vejiga. Revisión bibliográfica.

OBJECTIVES: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is an uncommon urinary tract tumor. This paper is intended to provide an update on its diagnostic criteria, pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, histological classification, prognostic factors, and alternative treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All published articles on MFH of the urinary bladder have been reviewed and a descriptive study has been done. RESULTS: Twenty-nine cases of MFH of the bladder have been reported. The most common morphological variants are storiform-fascicular (41%) and inflammatory (36%) MFH. Non-myxoid variants have a poorer prognosis. Stage T3 MFH was found in 72% of cases at the time of diagnosis. MFH local recurrence and distant metastasis rates were 50% and 25% respectively after surgical treatment only. CONCLUSIONS: MFH of the bladder is a tumor with high local and distant recurrence rates and a low survival rate, and therefore requires early and aggressive treatment. Radical cystectomy with lymphadenectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy is considered to be the treatment of choice, eventually associated to chemotherapy.

Histiocitoma fibroso maligno de vejiga. Revisión bibliográfica / Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bladder. A literature review

Objetivos: El histiocitoma fibroso maligno (HFM) es un tumor poco frecuente del tracto urinario. Pretendemos actualizar los criterios diagnósticos, las características anatomopatológicas e inmunohistoquímicas, la clasificación histológica, los factores pronóstico y las alternativas terapéuticas. Material y métodos: Revisión bibliográfica y estudio descriptivo de los casos de HFM de vejiga publicados en la literatura médica internacional. Resultados: Existen 29 casos publicados de HFM de vejiga y las variantes morfológicas más frecuentes son la estoriforme-fascicular (41%) y la inflamatoria (36%). Las variantes no mixoides comportan peor pronóstico. El 72% fue T3 en el momento del diagnóstico. La tasa de recurrencia local y a distancia del HFM de vejiga fue del 50 y del 25%, respectivamente, tras tratamiento exclusivamente quirúrgico. Conclusiones: El HFM de vejiga es un tumor con alta tasa de recurrencia local y a distancia, así como baja supervivencia, requiriendo un tratamiento precoz y agresivo. La cistectomía radical con linfadenectomía y radioterapia adyuvante, con eventual quimioterapia, se considera el tratamiento de elección (AU)

Objectives: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is an uncommon urinary tract tumor. This paper is intended to provide an update on its diagnostic criteria, pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, histological classification, prognostic factors, and alternative treatments. Materials and methods: All published articles on MFH of the urinary bladder have been reviewed and a descriptive study has been done. Results: Twenty-nine cases of MFH of the bladder have been reported. The most common morphological variants are storiform-fascicular (41%) and inflammatory (36%) MFH. Non-myxoid variants have a poorer prognosis. Stage T3 MFH was found in 72% of cases at the time of diagnosis. MFH local recurrence and distant metastasis rates were 50% and 25% respectively after surgical treatment only. Conclusions: MFH of the bladder is a tumor with high local and distant recurrence rates and a low survival rate, and therefore requires early and aggressive treatment. Radical cystectomy with lymphadenectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy is considered to be the treatment of choice, eventually associated to chemotherapy (AU)

[Pneumoscrotum secondary to bilateral tension pneumothorax]. / Neumoescroto secundario a un neumotórax a tensión bilateral.

We present a case of pneumoscrotum due to bilateral tension pneumothorax. Although the pneumoescrotum is an uncommon and light disease it can be a symptom of a life threatening pathology. The treatment of the pnemoescrotum is ethiological. It is necessary to treat the specific disease responsible of the pneumoescrotum.

Neumoescroto secundario a un neumotórax a tensión bilateral / Pneumoscrotum secondary to bilateral tension pneumothorax

Presentamos un caso clínico de neumoescroto secundario a un neumotórax a tensión bilateral de gran tamaño. A pesar de que el neumoescroto es una entidad clínica poco frecuente que generalmente se resuelve con tratamiento conservador, puede ser síntoma de un proceso grave y potencialmente mortal. El tratamiento del neumoescroto estará encaminado a tratar la causa que lo produjo (AU)

We present a case of pneumoscrotum due to bilateral tension pneumothorax. Although the pneumoescrotum is an uncommon and light disease it can be a symptom of a liFe threatening pathology. The treatment of the pnemoescrotum is ethiological. It is necessary to treat the specific disease responsible of the pneumoescrotum (AU)

Orquiepididimitis por Brucella SPP / Brucella Spp orchiepididymitis

OBJETIVO: Presentar un caso de orquiepididimitis unilateral por Brucella y realizar una pequeña revisión de diagnóstico y tratamiento de la patología. MÉTODO: Presentamos a un varón de 62 años que refiere síndrome constitucional, fiebre y dolor testicular, el diagnóstico se basó en la anamnesis, hemocultivos y estudios de imagen ecográfica. RESULTADOS: El tratamiento se inició con Doxiciclina y Teicoplanina, manteniéndose el primero durante seis semanas y sustituyéndose el segundo por ciprofloxacino (dos semanas en total) al alta, con resolución completa del cuadro. CONCLUSIÓN: Se debe ser exhaustivo en la anamnesis del paciente con orquitis infecciosa, ya que ésta puede revelar datos sugerentes de la etiología del cuadro, siendo de especial relevancia en la afectación por Brucella, ya que se presenta en pacientes de riesgo. Sin embargo se antoja necesaria la realización de hemocultivos que revelen Brucella en sangre para confirmar el diagnóstico. Los tratamientos antibióticos orales actuales son más que suficientes para resolver el cuadro. Siendo el tratamiento quirúrgico excepcional hoy en día (AU)

OBJECTIVE: To report a brucellar orchie-pididymitis case and to review the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. METHOD: We present the case of a 62 year old man presenting with fever, testicular pain and constitutional syndrome. The diagnosis was made after ultrasound, blood cultures and anamnesis. RESULTS: The treatment was Doxiciclin six weeks and teico-planin, the second one was replaced with ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION: It is important to make a correct anamnesis to the patient with orchiepididymitis to identify any risk factor for brucellosis. The diagnosis is confirmed with blood cultures. The oral antibiotics are enough to cure patients (AU)

Sintomatología obstructiva en mujer joven por hidrosalpinx izquierdo / Obstructive symptopms in young woman by left hydrosalpins

Se describe el caso de una mujer de 43 años con sintomatología de llenado y vaciado tras realización de histerectomía con estudio urodinámico compatible con obstrucción infravesical. Se diagnosticó un hidrosalpinx izquierdo que fue tratado quirúrgicamente tras el cual la paciente quedo asintomática (AU)

We describe the case of a 43 years old woman with obstructive and irritative symptoms after having an hysterectomy. Bladder outlet obstruction was observed in an urodinamyc study. She was later diagnosed with left hidrosalpinx. Salpingectomy was performed, as a result all symptoms have disappear (AU)

[Urethral diverticulum. Our casuistic and the literatura review]. / Divertículos uretrales. Revisión de nuestra casuística y de la literatura.

PURPOSE: The possible etiopathogenic factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods, surgical management and complications of the urethral diverticula are reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of the clinical charts with urethral diverticula diagnosis during the period 1986-2006 was carried out. RESULTS: In the last 20 years a total of 19 patients have been treated for this pathology: 15 females and 4 males. Five of the females started with a sensation of vaginal mass; the rest were diagnosed of micturitional (irritative) syndrome, urinary incontinence or urinary infection. In the case of males, 3 of them had a palpable tumour in the penis. The most used diagnostic method was retrograde and voiding cystourethrography; urethrography with double-occlusion balloon catheter was used in 5 cases and urethroscopy in 4 patients; other techniques of image diagnosis like magnetic resonance imaging were necessary for the most complex cases. The treatment was the excision of the diverticulum, except for one of the females who rejected the treatment. The evolution in all treated women was successful, according to follow up 2 years after the treatment. In males, two of them had complex recurrent diverticula. CONCLUSIONS: Urethral diverticula are nosologic entities of difficult diagnosis, due to their low prevalence and their unspecific clinic, therefore diagnosis is sometimes incidental. The etiopathogenity is acquired in most cases and its surgical treatment is more challenging in males than in females probably linked to the fact that diverticula appear in urethras with previous surgery, endourologic manipulation or associated injuries.

[Radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation (RITA) for the treatment of localised prostate cancer]. / Ablación mediante radiofrecuencia intersticial (RITA) en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata órgano-confinado.

Radiofrequency ablation produces an irreversible destruction of prostate tissue since it reaches temperatures of 110 degrees C that leads the tumour into coagulative necrosis and, based on preliminary studies, it has shown to be a safe therapeutical alternative for localised prostate cancer. It is a non-invasive technique with scarce complications which is especially attractive for those patients whose co-morbidity precludes them from having any others procedures that require general anaesthesia or that make them to be admitted. Another valuable aspect of this treatment modality is that treatment times are short (less than 10 minutes), and controlled lesions can be predictably generated, as well as it is a feasible technique by most urologists since it requires only basic imaging experience and it could be also repeated at any time if needed. However, despite these promising results, long term follow-up are needed before conclusions about the efficacy of RITA can be drawn and, therefore, before setting its role in localised prostate cancer treatment.

Divertículos uretrales. Revisión de nuestra casuística y de la literatura / Urethral diverticulum. Our casuistic and the literatura review

Objetivo: Se valoran los posibles factores etiopatogénicos y se describen la clínica, métodos diagnósticos, abordaje quirúrgico, resultados y complicaciones del manejo de los divertículos uretrales. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas con diagnóstico de divertículo uretral en el periodo 1986-2006. Resultados: Durante estos 20 años se han tratado un total de 19 pacientes con esta patología: 15 mujeres y 4 hombres. Cinco de las mujeres debutaron clínicamente con sensación de masa vaginal; el resto fueron diagnosticadas en el contexto de un síndrome miccional, incontinencia urinaria o infección urinaria. En el caso de los varones, 3 de ellos presentaron una tumoración palpable en el pene. La prueba diagnóstica más utilizada fue la uretrocistografía miccional seriada; la uretrografía con sonda de doble balón se utilizó en 5 ocasiones y la uretroscopia en 4 pacientes. En los casos más complejos se utilizaron otras técnicas de diagnóstico por la imagen, como la resonancia magnética nuclear. El tratamiento fue la extirpación del divertículo en todos los pacientes, excepto en una mujer que rechazó la intervención. La evolución de las pacientes ha sido satisfactoria realizándose controles periódicos hasta dos años después de la intervención. Dos de los casos, en varones, tuvieron recidivas complejas. Conclusiones: Los divertículos uretrales son una entidad nosológica de difícil diagnóstico dada su baja prevalencia y su clínica inespecífica lo que motiva que, en algunas ocasiones, el diagnóstico sea incidental. La etiopatogenia es adquirida en la mayoría de los casos y su tratamiento quirúrgico, con peores resultados en los hombres debido, probablemente, a que los divertículos se producen en uretras con antecedentes de cirugías previas, manipulación endourológica o lesiones asociadas

Purpose: The possible etiopathogenic factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods, surgical management and complications of the urethral diverticula are reviewed. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of the clinical charts with urethral diverticula diagnosis during the period 1986-2006 was carried out. Results: In the last 20 years a total of 19 patients have been treated for this pathology: 15 females and 4 males. Five of the females started with a sensation of vaginal mass; the rest were diagnosed of micturitional (irritative) syndrome, urinary incontinence or urinary infection. In the case of males, 3 of them had a palpable tumour in the penis. The most used diagnostic method was retrograde and voiding cystourethrography; urethrography with double-occlusion balloon catheter was used in 5 cases and urethroscopy in 4 patients; other techniques of image diagnosis like magnetic resonance imaging were necessary for the most complex cases. The treatment was the excision of the diverticulum, except for one of the females who rejected the treatment. The evolution in all treated women was successful, according to follow up 2 years after the treatment. In males, two of them had complex recurrent diverticula. Conclusions: Urethral diverticula are nosologic entities of difficult diagnosis, due to their low prevalence and their unspecific clinic, therefore diagnosis is sometimes incidental. The etiopathogenity is acquired in most cases and its surgical treatment is more challenging in males than in females probably linked to the fact that diverticula appear in urethras with previous surgery, endourologic manipulation or associated injuries

[Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage: our experience at last 10 years]. / Hemorragia retroperitoneal espontánea: nuestra experiencia en los ultimos 10 años.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Etiology, clinical features, diagnostic methods and treatment of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage were analyzed. METHODS: We report 27 cases with diagnosis of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage treated in our hospital between January 1996 and December 2005. The imaging techniques were abdominal ultrasonography, abdominal CT scan and MRI. RESULTS: The most common cause of retroperitoneal hemorrhage was renal angiomyolipoma rupture in 7 patients. Continuous flank or abdominal pain were the primary symptoms. Abdominal ultrasonography showed hematoma in 81.8% patients, but the actual etiologic diagnosis was ascertained in only 40.9% of them. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage was demonstrated by means of abdominal CT scan in all cases and bleeding origin was established in 92.6% of cases. Ten patients underwent urgent surgery while conservative treatment was attempted in the remaining 17. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, in cases of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage, CT scan is the best imaging method to establish the diagnosis and the management of such entity although it will need to be individualized for every case because it depends on the hemodinamic situation and etiologic diagnosis.

[Retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma with contiguous organs infiltration]. / Histiocitoma fibroso maligno retroperitoneal con infiltración de organos vecinos.

Retroperitoneal tumours are extremely rare neoplasms, most of them malignant. We described the case of a 48-year-old man with a large retroperitoneal mass detected during the study of a constitutional syndrome. The mass was treated surgerically and pathological diagnosis was malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Literature is reviewed and clinical features, histological findings, radiological techniques and therapeutic management are analyzed.

[Conservative approach in major renal trauma]. / Manejo conservador de los traumatismos renales de alto grado.

INTRODUCTION: Genitourinary trauma amount to an 8-10% of abdominal trauma with the kidney being the most affected organ in 50% of cases, especially the left one. The choice of treatment will depend on the kind of lesion found in the affected renal unit and on the patient's clinical conditions. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are twofold: to determine the applicability of conservative treatment in major renal trauma and to assess the evaluation and emergence of possible complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have analysed 309 cases of renal trauma dealt with in our department between January 1984 and January 2006, analyzing such variables as the etiology of the trauma, associated lesions in other organs, the therapeutic approach adopted as well as the presence of complications, both in the long and short run. RESULTS: Out of a total of 309 renal trauma analyzed, a 94.1% (291 cases) were blunt renal trauma. The distribution by grade was: Grade I, 213 cases (69%); Grade II, 39 cases (12.6%); Grade III/IV, 32 cases (10.3%); Grade V, 25 cases (8%). We have given a conservative approach in the 84.6% of the grade III/IV cases (24 cases). 4 grade III nephrectomies were carried out in the Emergency Room because of haemodynamic instability, other 4 grade IV nephrectomies were done for the same reason, one of which was a partial nephrectomy, 48-72 hours after the trauma. The treatment for grade V was nephrectomy in 67%. CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience and in the light of the results obtained, we consider the conservative approach adequate for major renal trauma as long as the patient is haemodynamically stable.

Ablación mediante radiofrecuencia intersticial (RITA) en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata órgano-confinado / Radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation (RITA) for the treatment of localised prostate cancer

La ablación mediante radiofrecuencia (RF) permite una destrucción irreversible de tejido prostático al generar temperaturas cercanas a los 100º C que inducen una necrosis coagulativa de la zona tumoral y, en base a los estudios preliminares realizados en los últimos años, se ha mostrado como una alternativa terapéutica segura y eficaz en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata órgano-confinado. Es una modalidad terapéutica minimanente invasiva, con escasas complicaciones y especialmente atractiva en aquellos pacientes en los que su co-morbilidad excluye otras opciones de tratamiento que requieran anestesia general u hospitalización. Otros aspectos interesantes de esta modalidad de tratamiento son el escaso tiempo de ablación (alrededor de 10 minutos), la posibilidad de controlar el tamaño de las lesiones inducidas, la capacidad de ser una técnica fácilmente reproducible por cualquier urólogo, ya que sólo requiere una experiencia básica en técnicas de imagen y la posibilidad de repetir el tratamiento si es preciso. A pesar de estos resultados prometedores, serían necesarios estudios a largo plazo antes de pronunciarnos de forma definitiva sobre la eficacia del RITA y determinar su lugar exacto en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata órgano-confinado

Radiofrequency ablation produces an irreversible destruction of prostate tissue since it reaches temperatures of 110º C that leads the tumour into coagulative necrosis and, based on preliminary studies, it has shown to be a safe therapeutical alternative for localised prostate cancer. It is a non-invasive technique with scarce complications which is especially attractive for those patients whose co-morbidity precludes them from having any others procedures that require general anaesthesia or that make them to be admitted. Another valuable aspect of this treatment modality is that treatment times are short (less than 10 minutes), and controlled lesions can be predictably generated, as well as it is a feasible technique by most urologists since it requires only basic imaging experience and it could be also repeated at any time if needed. However, despite these promising results, long term follow-up are needed before conclusions about the efficacy of RITA can be drawn and, therefore, before setting its role in localised prostate cancer treatment

Hemorragia retroperitoneal espontánea: nuestra experiencia en los últimos 10 años / Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage: our experience at last 10 years

Introducción y Objetivos: El análisis de la etiología, manifestaciones clínicas, métodos diagnósticos y tratamiento empleado en la hemorragia retroperitoneal espontánea (HRE), en nuestra serie de pacientes. Métodos: Presentamos 27 casos de HRE diagnosticados en nuestro hospital entre Enero de 1996 y Diciembre de 2005. Las técnicas de imagen empleadas fueron ecografía abdominal, TC abdomino-pélvica y resonancia magnética. Resultados: La causa más frecuente de sangrado fue la rotura de un angiomiolipoma renal en 7 pacientes. Entre las manifestaciones clínicas, el dolor lumbar o abdominal fue el síntoma predominante. La ecografía abdominal detectó el hematoma en el 81,8% de pacientes, aportando un diagnóstico etiológico en tan sólo el 40,9% de los casos. La TC abdomino-pélvica reveló la hemorragia retroperitoneal en todos casos, y además diagnosticó en el 92,6%, el origen del sangrado. El tratamiento fue cirugía de urgencia en 10 pacientes, mientras que en los 17 restantes se optó, inicialmente, por medidas terapéuticas conservadoras. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, en los casos de HRE, la TC abdomino-pélvica es la prueba diagnóstica de elección y el manejo terapéutico de esta patología deberá individualizarse en función de la situación hemodinámica del paciente y la etiología del síndrome

Introduction and Objectives: Etiology, clinical features, diagnostic methods and treatment of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage were analyzed. Methods: We report 27 cases with diagnosis of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage treated in our hospital between January 1996 and December 2005. The imaging techniques were abdominal ultrasonography, abdominal CT scan and MRI. Results: The most common cause of retroperitoneal hemorrhage was renal angiomyolipoma rupture in 7 patients. Continuous flank or abdominal pain were the primary symptoms. Abdominal ultrasonography showed hematoma in 81.8% patients, but the actual etiologic diagnosis was ascertained in only 40.9% of them. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage was demonstrated by means of abdominal CT scan in all cases and bleeding origin was established in 92.6% of cases. Ten patients underwent urgent surgery while conservative treatment was attempted in the remaining 17. Conclusions: In our experience, in cases of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage, CT scan is the best imaging method to establish the diagnosis and the management of such entity although it will need to be individualized for every case because it depends on the hemodinamic situation and etiologic diagnosis

Histiocitoma fibroso maligno retroperitoneal con infiltración de órganos vecinos / Retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma with contiguous organs infiltration

Los tumores retroperitoneales primarios son neoformaciones extremadamente raras, de naturaleza maligna en la mayoría de los casos. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 48 años con una gran masa retroperitoneal detectada durante el estudio de un síndrome constitucional. La masa fue tratada quirúrgicamente y el diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue de histiocitoma fibroso maligno. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura y analizamos su presentación clínica, hallazgos histológicos, pruebas diagnósticas de imagen y manejo terapéutico

Retroperitoneal tumours are extremely rare neoplasms, most of them malignant. We described the case of a 48-year-old man with a large retroperitoneal mass detected during the study of a constitutional syndrome. The mass was treated surgerically and pathological diagnosis was malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Literature is reviewed and clinical features, histological findings, radiological techniques and therapeutic management are analyzed