Conscious sedation in Spanish dental schools: Current situation.

The current Spanish curricula for degrees in dentistry include conscious sedation (CS) as a basic training competency. However, is the CS training delivered by Spanish dental schools a consensus-based educational framework enabling students to use this anesthetic technique after graduation? To answer this research question, a study was designed aiming to identify the strategies used to teach this competency in Spanish dental schools and the characteristics of teaching. The authors reviewed legislation concerning officially established requirements for a degree in dentistry as well as curricula currently taught in Spain. Our analysis identified clear discrepancies among the schools of dentistry studied. The only overlap was observed in reference to the level of proficiency imparted, which prevents Spanish dentistry students from using this anesthetic technique after graduation. Specific features of the normative framework and of the Spanish legislative system underlying the design of the present curricula of degrees in dentistry would explain the discrepancies in CS competencies taught at our schools of dentistry. Almost 10 years since its implementation and in light of the new demands of the complex society in which we live, Spanish universities must unify their educational criteria regarding CS training to ensure the appropriate qualification of our new dentists in this technique.

Double acid etching treatment of dental implants for enhanced biological properties.

BACKGROUND: The topographical features on the surface of dental implants have been considered as a critical parameter for enhancing the osseointegration of implants. In this work, we proposed a surface obtained by a combination of shot blasting and double acid etching. The double acid etching was hypothesized to increase the submicron topography and hence further stimulate the biological properties of the titanium implant. METHODS: The topographical features (surface roughness and real surface area), wettability and surface chemical composition were analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed that the proposed method produced a dual roughness, mainly composed of randomly distributed peaks and valleys with a superimposed nanoroughness, and hence with an increased specific surface area. Despite the fact that the proposed method does not introduce significant chemical changes, this treatment combination slightly increased the amount of titanium available on the surface, reducing potential surface contaminants. Furthermore, the surface showed increased contact angle values demonstrating an enhanced hydrophobicity on the surface. The biological behavior of the implants was then assessed by culturing osteoblast-like cells on the surface, showing enhanced osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on the novel surface. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, the described surface with dual roughness obtained by double acid etching may be a novel route to obtain key features on the surface to enhance the osseointegration of the implant. Our approach is a simple method to obtain a dual roughness that mimics the bone structure modified by osteoclasts and increases surface area, which enhances osseointegration of dental implants.

In-vitro comparative study of the use of 2 % chlorhexidine on microtensile bond strength of different dentin adhesives: a 6 months evaluation / Estudio comparativo in vitro del uso de clorhexidina al 2 % sobre la resistencia de unión microtensil de diferentes adhesivos dentinarios: una evaluación de 6 meses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) dentin treatment on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of adhesive systems in different storage times. Occlusal enamel was removed from ninety third-molars and flat surfaces of middle dentin were exposed. Teeth were randomly divided in 6 groups according to adhesive system (etch-and-rinse : Adper Scotchbond 1XT - ASB ; self-etch: Adper Prompt L-Pop ­ APP; and universal: Single Bond Universal - SBU) and chlorhexidine (CHX) dentin treatment (2 % CHX application for 20 s prior Primer). After resin composite build up, teeth were sectioned to obtain beam specimens and divided in 3 subgroups (n=5): 72h, 3 and 6 months storage times. After the storage times, teeth were tested in tension until failure (0.5 mm/min). SEM was performed to observe hybrid layer of adhesive systems. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. At 72 h, all equivalent groups (same adhesive system, different dentin treatments) maintained their µTBS when compared CHX-treatment. At 3 and 6 months, non-treated CHX groups showed less µTBS than CHX-treated ones. Six months storage time did not significantly decrease µTBS, except for G2-ASB. The effect of CHX on dentin µTBS depends on storage times and adhesive systems. While immediate µTBS was not affected by CHX treatment, CHX improved dentin µTBS after 3 and 6 months.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del tratamiento con clorhexidina (CHX) de la dentina sobre la resistencia de la unión microtensil (mTBS) de los sistemas adhesivos en diferentes tiempos de almacenamiento. Se retiró el esmalte oclusal de noventa terceros molares y se expusieron superficies planas de la dentina media. Los dientes se dividieron al azar en 6 grupos de acuerdo con el sistema adhesivo (con grabado ácido: Adper Scotchbond 1XT-ASB, auto-grabado: Adper Prompt L-Pop-APP y universal: Single Bond Universal- SBU) y el tratamiento de la dentina con clorhexidina (CHX) (aplicación de CHX al 2 % 20 s antes del Primer). Después de la aplicación de la resina compuesta, los dientes fueron seccionados para obtener muestras en forma de barras y divididos en 3 subgrupos (n = 5) con tiempos de almacenamiento de 72 h, 3 y 6 meses. Después de los tiempos de almacenamiento, los dientes se sometieron a tensión hasta la fractura (0,5 mm / min). SEM se realizó para observar la capa híbrida de sistemas adhesivos. Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA unidireccional y pruebas de Tukey. A las 72 h, todos los grupos equivalentes (el mismo sistema adhesivo, diferentes tratamientos de dentina) mantuvieron su mTBS cuando se comparó el tratamiento CHX. A los 3 y 6 meses, los grupos CHX no tratados mostraron menos mTBS que los tratados con CHX. Seis meses de tiempo de almacenamiento no disminuyó significativamente el mTBS, excepto para el G2-ASB. El efecto de CHX sobre la dentina mTBS depende del tiempo de almacenamiento y de los sistemas adhesivos. Mientras que el mTBS inmediato no se vio afectado por el tratamiento con CHX, CHX mejoró la mTBS a dentina después de 3 y 6 meses.

Effect of 2 % chlorhexidine on dentin shear bond strength of different adhesive systems: a 6 months evaluation / Efecto de la clorhexidina al 2 % sobre la resistencia al cizallamiento de diferentes sistemas adhesivos: una evaluación de 6 meses

This study evaluated the effect of chlorhexidine dentin treatment on shear bond strength (SBS) of adhesive systems after different storages. The work included 144 third molars that had their dentin exposed and were divided in 6 groups: G1 (ASB+CHX: Adper Scotchbond 1XT + chlorhexidine 2 % prior Primer); G2(ASB); G3 (APP+CHX: Adper Prompt L-Pop + CHX); G4(APP); G5 (SBU+CHX: Single Bond Universal + CHX); and G6(SBU). Resin build-up was performed and teeth were subdivided regarding storage times (n=8): 72 h, 3 and 6 months. Next, SBS test was performed. At 72 hours, all equivalent groups (same adhesive system, different dentin treatment) showed no significant difference in SBS (P.05). Self-etch adhesive groups (with or without CHX) presented lower SBS compared to other systems (P.05). After 3 and 6 months, all CHX-treated groups presented significantly higher SBS compared to equivalent non-treated groups (P.05). For both storage times, Single Bond Universal presented the highest SBS values within the same dentin treatment (P.05), while Adper Scotchbond and Adper Prompt-L-Pop were not significantly different among them, also within the same dentin treatments [3 months (with CHX: P=.966; without: P=.958) and 6 months (with CHX: P =.887; without: P=.990)]. CHX Dentin disinfection is indicated for all classes of adhesives studied.

Este estudio evaluó el efecto del tratamiento de la dentina con clorhexidina sobre la resistencia al cizallamiento (SBS) de sistemas adhesivos después de diferentes almacenamientos. Se removió el esmalte oclusal a 144 terceros molares y se dejó su dentina media expuesta, posteriormente se dividieron al azar en 6 grupos: G1 (ASB + CHX: Adper Scotchbond 1XT + clorhexidina 2 % antes del Primer); G2 (ASB); G3 (APP + CHX: L-Pop + CHX de Adper); G4 (APP); G5 (SBU + CHX: Single Bond Universal + CHX); y G6 (SBU). Se realizó la aplicación de la resina compuesta y se subdividieron los grupos con respecto a los tiempos de almacenamiento (n = 8): 72h, 3 y 6 meses. A continuación, se realizó la prueba SBS. A las 72 horas, todos los grupos equivalentes (el mismo sistema adhesivo, diferentes tratamientos de dentina) no mostraron diferencias significativas en los valores de SBS (P.05). Los grupos de adhesivo de auto-grabado (con o sin CHX) presentaron valores de SBS más bajos en comparación con otros sistemas (P.05). Después de 3 y 6 meses, todos los grupos tratados con CHX presentaron valores de SBS significativamente mayores en comparación con los grupos no tratados equivalentes (P.05). Para ambos tiempos de almacenamiento, Single Bond Universal presentó los valores de SBS más altos dentro del mismo tratamiento dentinario (P.05), mientras que el Adper Scotchbond y el Adper Prompt-L-Pop no fueron significativamente diferentes entre ellos, también dentro de los mismos tratamientos dentinarios 3 meses (con CHX: P = .966, sin: P = .958) y 6 meses (con CHX: P = .887; sin: P = .990). La desinfección de la dentina con CHX está indicada para todas las clases de adhesivos estudiados.

Direct oral anticoagulants and its implications in dentistry. A review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Four novel direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) named dabigatran, rivaroxaban, edoxaban and apixaban have been recently introduced to overcome some of the drawbacks of existing anticoagulants. They have less interactions and do not require routine monitoring. However, there is not enough scientific data about the protocol to apply in these patients on DOACs undergoing dental treatment. Thus is necessary to evaluate the potential bleeding risk of these drugs, the possibility of thromboembolic events occurring if they are withdrawn or the need to change to heparin previously. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases was conducted to identify studies that evaluated the relationship between direct oral anticoagulants and dental procedures. The quality of the reported information was assessed following the PRISMA statement. RESULTS: Eleven studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review: 2 randomized clinical trials, 3 prospective studies, 3 retrospective studies, 2 case series and 1 case report. CONCLUSIONS: DOACs are safe drugs in terms of bleeding. The possible postoperative bleeding complications are manageable with conventional haemostasis measurements. The bridging approach with heparin does not seem to be recommended. Consensus among the professionals involved in the management of the patient is fundamental in invasive dental treatments and in complex patients. Key words:Oral anticoagulants, DOAC, NOAC, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, bleeding, oral surgery.

Comparison of enamel-bracket bond strength using direct- and indirect-bonding techniques with a self-etching ion releasing S-PRG filler.

This in vitro study compared the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of two systems for bonding orthodontic brackets to enamel. The first system involved a self-etching primer (Beauty Ortho Bond, BO) containing surface pre-reacted glass filler. The second involved a primer applied with phosphoric acid etching (Transbond XT, TX). Ninety-six extracted human premolars were divided into eight groups: Group I (TX/direct bonding), Group II (TX/indirect bonding), Group III (BO/direct bonding), and Group IV (BO/indirect bonding). Groups V-VIII were identical to Groups I-IV, respectively, but were also subjected to 1,500 thermal cycles between 5 and 55°C. ARI was scored by binocular microscopy. SBS was analyzed by three-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni test. ARI was analyzed by the chi-squared test. The BO groups showed lower SBS and ARI results than the TX groups. SBS was significantly influenced by the primer material, bonding technique, and thermal cycling.

Adhesive restoration of anterior endodontically treated teeth: influence of post length on fracture strength.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated anterior teeth restored with crowns made of composite or ceramic and retained without the use of a post (endocrowns) or with posts of 5 mm (short) and 10 mm in length (long). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight intact maxillary incisors were selected for the study. After endodontic treatment, the crowns were sectioned 2 mm coronally to the cementoenamel junction provided with a ferrule of 2 mm. The roots were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8) according to the post length and type of coronary restoration. The crowns were fabricated with the chairside economical restoration of esthetic ceramics system. Group 1 was restored with a 10-mm glass fiber post, composite core, and a full-coverage ceramic crown (LPCer); group 2, with a 5-mm glass fiber post, composite core, and a full-coverage ceramic crown (SPCer); group 3, with a 10-mm glass fiber post, composite core, and a full-coverage composite crown (LPCpr); group 4, with a 5-mm glass fiber post, composite core, and a full-coverage composite crown (SPCpr); and groups 5 (EndoCer) and 6 (EndoCpr) were restored with ceramic and composite endocrowns, respectively. The teeth were then thermomechanically loaded in a chewing machine. After fatigue, the specimens were loaded to fracture. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and chi-square test. Mode of failure was defined as repairable or non-repairable. RESULTS: Presence of post, post length, and crown material had no significant effect on the fracture resistance. Groups restored with endocrowns presented a higher number of repairable fractures in respect to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of a post had no effect on the restorations' fracture strength. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although this in vitro study has some limitations in respect to its clinical relevance, the restoration of largely destroyed anterior teeth with the use of an endocrown or a short glass fiber post might have advantages over a large glass fiber post.

Comparative study of the cutting efficiency and working life of carbide burs.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish the wear and cutting efficiency of tungsten carbide burs from different manufacturers by performing cutting tests with machinable glass ceramic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cutting tests were performed with 70 tungsten carbide burs from seven manufacturers: (A) Coltene/Whaledent, (B) CEI, (C) Meisinger, (D) Axis, (E) Komet, (F) Kerr, (G) Edenta. All groups were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after the cutting efficiency test for similarities and differences. A specially designed cutting device was used. An electric handpiece was operated at 200,000 rpm with a 120 ml/min coolant water supply rate. The burs were tested under a 165 g constant load using 3 mm wide Macor ceramic as substrate. For each bur the cutting procedure involved a total of five cuts of 3 minutes on every cut, with a total cutting time for each bur of 15 minutes. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at 95.0% confidence level. RESULTS: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the mean cutting rates of the different groups. Groups A and B showed the highest cutting rates. Higher cutting rates were associated with a longer bur lifespan. SEM photomicrographs of the burs and substrates revealed significant changes on the surfaces after the cutting process. CONCLUSIONS: The morphology characteristics of tungsten carbide burs are related to their effectiveness. The group that presented the worst working life also showed substantial wear on its surface according to the results of SEM.

Clinical changes in periodontal subjects with the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Prodentis: a preliminary randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effect of the administration of Lactobacillus reuteri Prodentis as a probiotic agent in the treatment of initial to moderate chronic periodontitis. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the patient 'compliance' factor and to observe the potential side-effects of the probiotic agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty systemically healthy, non-smoking subjects with initial-to-moderate chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this 1-month double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive tablets containing Lactobacillus reuteri Prodentis or placebo once a day for 30 days. Clinical parameters were collected at baseline and 30 days post-treatment. RESULTS: Periodontal clinical parameters were improved in the test group after a 30-day intervention. The test group demonstrated a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in all the periodontal parameters included in the study (plaque index, bleeding on probing and pocket probing depths), while the control group treated with placebo did not show any statistically significant change in periodontal parameters. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri Prodentis improved the short-term clinical outcomes in non-smoking patients with initial-to-moderate chronic periodontitis.

Evaluación in vitro mediante microscopíaelectrónica de barrido de la oclusiónde túbulos dentinarios de dos agentesdesensibilizantes / No disponible

Introducción: La sensibilidad dentinaria es un motivo de consulta frecuente y los tratamientos disponibles no siempre ofrecen resultados satisfactorios a largo plazo. De aquí surge la necesidad de buscar nuevas alternativas de tratamiento. Objetivos: Evaluar mediante microscopio electrónico de barrido la capacidad de oclusión de los túbulos dentinarios de dos agentes desensibilizantes comercializados compuestos por carbonato y fosfato potásico y cloruro de estroncio y de calcio (TwinGel) y por fluoruro de estaño (Emoflúor).Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron 15 dientes de origen humano y se cortaron 2 discos de dentina de cada diente. Se grabó la superficie dentinaria con ácido ortofosfórico durante 70 segundos y se dividieron los discos en 2 grupos. Al primer grupo se le aplicó el agente desensibilizante compuesto por carbonato y fosfato potásico, cloruro de estroncio y de calcio y al segundo grupo fluoruro de estaño, ambos durante 3 minutos. Posteriormente se observó con microscopía electrónica de barrido la oclusión de los túbulos dentinarios y se realizaron fotografías a 10.000 aumentos. El porcentaje de obturación tubular fue analizado mediante escala visual analógica. Resultados: Para el grupo 1 (Twin Gel) obtuvimos un promedio de oclusión de los túbulos del 73%, y para el grupo 2 (Emofluor) un62%, tras aplicar el agente desensibilizante durante 3 minutos. Discusión y conclusiones: Ambos tienen capacidad para ocluirlos túbulos dentinarios, sin embargo, la aplicación del producto desensibilizante Twin Gel sobre la superficie de dentina produce la oclusión de más de 2/3 partes de la superficie a tratar (AU)

Introduction: Dentinal sensitivity is a common problem. Although there have been described several treatments for this particular entity, none of them has offered the right solution for an extended period of time; for this reason, it is necessary to find new treatment alternatives. Aim: To evaluate the occlusion of dentinal tubules with two desensitizing agents “Twin Gel” (potassium carbonate and phosphate, strontium and calcium chloride) and “Emoflúor” (stannous chloride)using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Material and methods: 15 human teeth free of caries and restorations were used in this study. Two discs of each tooth were obtained and etched with ortophosphoric acid 37%. Discs were divided in2 groups. In the first group, a desensitizing agent with potassium carbonate, phosphate and strontium and calcium chloride was applied; in the second group, stannous chloride was used, both for 3minutes. Then, the occlusion of dentinal tubules was observed using SEM at 10.000 X. Percentages of tubular sealing were measured using a analogical visual scale. Results: For the group 1 (Twin Gel), an average of 73% of sealed tubuleswas observed, for the group 2 (Emofluor) a 63% was observed after application of desensitizing agent for 3 minutes. Conclusion: Both desensitizing agents have sealing capacity of dentinal tubules; however, the application of the “TwinGel” desensitizing agent on dentin surface, has an increased capacity of more than 2/3 parts of the treated surface (AU)

Comportamiento de temperatura de la luz de lámparas halógenas y LEDs a través de composite y ionómero / No disponible

Objetivos: Describir el comportamiento de la temperatura de la luz generada por lámparas Halógenas y LEDs a medida que atraviesanresina compuesta e Ionómero de Vidrio y en forma directamente de La fuente de luz de fotopolimerización. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron dos lámparas LEDs con intensidades de radiación de 600 mW/cm² Bluephase® IVOCLAR VIVADENT/AUSTRIA, 1400 mW/cm² Very Light® ITENA, CFPM/ FRANCIA (convencional y de alta intensidad, respectivamente) y una de tipo halógena Astrales 5® IVOCLAR VIVADENT/AUSTRIA con intensidad de radiación de 450 mW/cm². Se registró los incrementos de temperatura mediante un termómetro digital HT-302 de acuerdo a los códigos reensayos diseñados para el estudio a diversos espesores y colores de material. Las mediciones del incremento de temperatura se hicieron de acuerdo al 100% y 150% del tiempo de exposición recomendado por el fabricante de cada lámpara para cada material dental usado. Resultados: Existió diferencia significativas (p<0.001) del incremento de temperatura entre las distintas lámparas de fotopolimerización usadas; al igual que entre incrementos de temperatura usando el100% y 150% de tiempo que el fabricante recomienda para cada lámpara. No existió diferencia significativa (p> 0.05), en el incremento de temperatura cuando se varió el color del mismo material dental, pero sí existió diferencia significativa (p<0.001) entre materiales dentales usados. Conclusiones: El incremento de la temperatura ocasionada por la lámpara de tipo halógena Astrales 5® puede provocar incrementos de temperatura significativos si no se siguen las instrucciones del fabricante para su uso. La lámpara de tipo Led convencional Bluephase® produce incrementos de temperatura menores que la lámpara halógena convencional y la de tipo Led de alta intensidad Very Light® produjo los valores más bajos de incremento de la temperatura (AU)

Purpose: To describe the behavior of the temperature of the lightgenerated by curing units halogen and LEDs through dental material and hard dental tissues. Material and methods: Two LEDs lamps were used with power densities of radiation of 600 mW/cm² Bluephase® IVOCLAR VIVADENT/AUSTRIA, 1400 mW/cm² Very Light® ITENA, CFPM/ FRANCE(conventional and of high intensity, respectively) and one halogen, Astralis 5® IVOCLAR VIVADENT/AUSTRIA with 450 mW/cm² of powerdensity. Registered the increases of temperature by means of a digital thermometer HT-302 according to the codes of tests designed for the study to diverse thicknesses and colors of material. The measurements of the increase of temperature became according to 100% and 150%of the time of exhibition recommended by the manufacturer of each lamp for each used dental material. Results: Significant differences (p< 0.001) of the increase of temperature between the different used lamps of fotopolimerización existed; significant difference (p<0.001) between increases of temperature using 100% and 150% of time that the manufacturer recommends for each lamp. Significant difference did not exist (p>0.005) in the increase of temperature when the color of the same dental material was varied, but existed significant difference (p<0.001)between used dental materials. Conclusions: The increase of the temperature caused by curing lamp Astralis 5® can cause increases of temperature significant if the instructions of the manufacturer are not followed for their use. The lamp of type conventional Led Bluephase® produces increases of temperature smaller than the conventional halogen lamp and the curing unit Very Light® produced the lowest values of increase of the temperature (AU)

Estudio clínico de las propiedades y comportamiento de ormocera / No disponible

El propósito de este estudio clínico es realizar un estudio in vivo acorto plazo sobre las propiedades y comportamiento de la "ORMOCERA" (organically modified ceramic) DEFINITE PLUS (Lab. Normon), como material de obturación. El estudio se realizó en 20cavidades Clase I y 20 cavidades Clase II, en pacientes de diferentes edades. Las obturaciones fueron realizadas con: aislamiento absoluto, matrices seccionales preformadas (Clases II). La técnica de obturación se realizó de forma progresiva por capas. Tras realizar la obturación se evalúa el material, su comportamiento y sus propiedades a corto plazo (AU)

The objective of this clinical study is make an in vivo study in short term, about the properties and behavior of “ORMOCERA” (organically modified ceramic) DEFINITE PLUS (Lab. Normon), like restorative material. The study was made in 20 cavities Class I, Class II, in patients of different ages. The restorations are made with: absolute isolation, seccional preformed matrix (Clases II). The restorative technique will be of progressive form by layers. After made the restoration, the material will be evaluated, its behavior and its properties in the short term (AU)

Evaluación ultraestructural de los postesactuales de fibra de vidrio / No disponible

La restauración del diente endodonciado es de vital importancia para la funcionalidad del sistema estomatognático. Para ello debemos escoger los materiales más compatibles tanto biológica como mecánicamente a fin de proporcionar durabilidad a la restauración. En este artículo se analizan ultraestructuralmente cuatro sistemas diferentes de postes de fibra de vidrio (AU)

The restoration of endodontically treated teeth has a vital importance for the functionality of the stomathognatic system. By this way, we should choose the most biological and mechanical compatible materials, in order to provide durability to the restoration. The aim of this study is analyse ultra structurally four different glass fiber post systems (AU)

Determinación de la substantividad de un dentífrico con flúor de aminas y xilitoly de un dentífrico con flúor de sodio / No disponible

Los agentes químicos utilizados para el control y eliminación de la placa bacteriana deben reunir unas características específicas para ser utilizados como medio de prevención de la caries y la enfermedad periodontal. Todas estas características son de gran interés, sin embargo, debemos destacar tres condiciones sine qua non a la horade seleccionar el agente químico a utilizar: la toxicidad, la potencia y la substantividad. Un factor determinante en la acción antiplaca de un agente químico parece estar relacionado con la capacidad de ser retenido en la cavidad oral durante largos períodos de tiempo, es la propiedad conocida con el nombre de substantividad. En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio comparativo para determinar el contenido de flúor en saliva después del cepillado dental con un dentífrico que contiene flúor de aminas y con un dentífrico que contiene flúor de sodio; comparando la substantividad de cada uno de ellos en el medio oral (AU)

The chemical agents used for the control and elimination of the bacterial plaque must have especial and determinant characteristics to be used by a prevention method of caries and periodontal disease. All of these characteristics are very interesting; however, we must insist on three essential conditions in the time of choose the chemist agent for use: the toxicity, the potency and the substantivity. A determinant factor in the antiplaque action of our chemical agent seem to be related with the capacity for are retained in the oral cavityduring long periods of time; is the property known as substantivity. In the present study it is been compared three different dentifrices in order to determine the quantity of fluorine in saliva after a tooth brushing with amina fluorine dentifrice and with sodium fluorine dentifrice; comparing the substantively of each in the oral medium (AU)

Estudio de la microfiltración en tres sistemas diferentes de elementos sobre implantes / No disponible

Los objetivos de este estudio in vitro son evaluar la presencia de gapsy microfiltración entre pilar e implante en un pilar cementado, pilar mecanizado, pilar colado en titanio, pilar colado en oro y pilar colado con conexión amortiguada, todos ellos excepto el primero, atornillados. Para ello se analizaron al microscopio electrónico, posteriormente se termociclaron y se realizó un análisis de filtración de fluidos. Los pilares cementados no fue posible valorar el gap, en los mecanizados el gap fue inexistente, en los colados en titanio fue de39.26 micras de media, en los colados en oro fue de 9.85 micras, en los colados en titanio amortiguados fue de 22.8 micras. Los pilares cementados, los mecanizados y los colados en titanio amortiguados no mostraron filtración, mientras que los pilares colados en titanio yen oro mostraron filtración de fluidos (AU)

The purpose of this in vitro study is to quantify the gap and microleakage in implants with trasmucosal collar and cemented bolt abutment, implants with screw retained prosthesis with mechanized abutment, implants with screw retained prostheses with abutment casted in titanium, implants with screw retained prostheses with abutment casted in gold and implants with transmucosal collar, resino'ring and titanium casted abutment will be used. All implants were analysed under a scanning electron, later we thermocycled its and evaluate fluid filtration. In mechanised abutments a mean of 0micron gap, in titanium casted abutments a mean of 39 micron gap,in gold casted abutment a mean of 22 micron gap, in casted abutment with o'ring a mean of 9 micron gap, and in cemented abutments the gap was completely filled with cement. Mechanised, cemented abutments and casted abutments with resin o'ring offer better results relating to abutment-implant interface sealing (AU)

Prótesis implantosoportada totalmentecerámica / No disponible

Objetivos: Evaluar la estética, la resistencia a la fractura y el ajuste marginal de los tratamientos restauradores cerámicos libres de metal. Material y métodos: Realizamos una búsqueda en PubMed/Medline. Resultados-Discusión: Diversos estudios clínicos demuestran que las restauraciones totalmente cerámicas ofrecen resultados estéticos excelentes y un éxito a largo plazo. Por otra parte, las coronas cerámicas libres de metal confirman tener una resistencia a la fractura menor que las restauraciones de metal-cerámica con aditamentos de titanio, aunque se ha comprobado que coronas de Empress 2,InCeram y AllCeram sobre aditamentos de cerámica funcionan satisfactoriamente en región de incisivos y premolares. En cuanto al ajuste marginal se vio que Procera presentaba el mejor ajuste marginal antes y después de la cementación en comparación con Empress2 e InCeram, independientemente de la combinación entre las líneas de terminación y los cementos probados. Tras la comparación de los aditamentos de titanio con los cerámicos se vio que los cerámicos ofrecen buenos resultados estéticos y funcionales a largo plazo. Conclusión: Se necesitan estudios a largo plazo para poder recomendar de forma rutinaria las cerámicas libres de metal (CLM), aunque los resultados actuales son prometedores (AU)

Purpose: Evaluation of the esthetics, fracture resistance and marginal fit of free metal restorations. Materials and methods: We carried out a search in PubMed/Medline. Results- Discussion: Several clinical studies demonstrated that all ceramic restorations achieved excellent esthetic results and a longterm success. On the other hand, free metal crowns (FMC) confirmed to have less fracture resistance than metal-ceramic crowns with titanium abutments, even though Empress 2, InCeram and AllCeramcrowns on ceramic abutments were proved to work satisfactorily in incisive and premolar regions. As regards marginal fit Procera showed the best marginal fit before and after cementation in comparison to Empress2 and InCeram. After comparing titanium abutments with ceramic abutments we noticed that ceramic abutments achieved good and long term esthetic and functional results. Conclusion: Although current results are promising, long term studies are required in order to be able to recommend FMC in a routine way (AU)

¿El futuro de los implantes dentales será parecido al de la amalgama dental? / No disponible

En los foros sobre odontología, uno de los temas más tratados y que importa en gran medida a la comunidad odontológica es el referente a la conveniencia o no de usar materiales metálicos en boca. Los grandes avances producidos en el área de los materiales de uso biológico, o biomateriales, han permitido incrementar el uso de implantes para solucionar distintos problemas de salud. Si bien la mayoría de ellos están confeccionados con materiales biocompatibles, actualmente existe una creciente preocupación acerca de los efectos sobre el organismo de los iones que pueden liberarse desde los materiales metálicos, ya sea amalgama, materiales de prótesis o el propio implante. De hecho, algunas investigaciones muestran que ciertas partículas de metal se transportan y depositan en órganos como el hígado, el bazo y los ganglios1. En este artículo revisamos la problemática de la corrosión de los materiales metálicos (AU)

In the dental meetings, one of the most discussed subjects and thegreats important interest to the dental community is the one that refers to the convenience or not of using metallic materials in the mouth. The great steps forward in the fields of the materials of biological use, or biomaterials, have permitted an increase in the use of implants in order to solve several health problems. Although most of them are made with biocompatible materials, nowadays a growing concern exists about the effects on the organism of the ions that can be released from the metallic materials, either amalgam, prosthodontic materials or the implant itself. In fact, previous research shows that certain metallic particles are carried and placed in organs such as the liver, the spleen and the ganglia. In this article, we review the problems related to corrosion of metallic materials (AU)

Estudio de la capacidad selladora de dos diferentes materiales utilizados como agentes para tratar la sensibilidad dentinal / No disponible

Se realiza un estudio comparativo para evaluar la capacidad de sellado tubular de dos diferentes agentes desensibilizantes a base de resinas o composites y comparar su grado de efectividad al utilizarlos. Se realiza una caracterización del comportamiento de los agentes terapéuticos que contiene una base de composite, glutaraldehido y polietilenglicol in vitro, a través de microscopia electrónica, midiendo él numero de superficies o canalículos obliterados, valorando así su capacidad de sellado. Basado en estos datos se hace un análisis de la capacidad selladora de los diferentes agentes y finalmente se compara la eficiencia de sellado, considerando cual tiene buenos resultados como agente desensibilizante. Encontramos excelentes resultados en los materiales testados en cuanto al sellado de los canalículos dentinarios en este estudio in vitro (AU)

A comparative study was performed with the objective to evaluate the capacity of two different desensiting agents based on resins or composites and to compare their degree of efficiency as a sealer.There is realized a characterization between the therapeutic agents that contains a base of composite, glutaraldehide and polietilenglicol in Vitro, across electronic microscopy, measuring the number of sealded surfaces, valuing by this way their capacity to seal. Based on this information an analysis of the capacity to seal of the different agents and finally the efficiency to be compared of sealed, considering which has good results as a disuniting agent. We found good results with the agents evaluated as a sealer with this in vitro study (AU)

Incidencia del tamaño y la forma de la sílice sobre la abrasión y blanqueo de la superficie dental, en el cepillado con dentífricos / No disponible

La limpieza dental está asociada a la eliminación de la película adquirida, para lo cual se requiere necesariamente la acción mecánica de agentes abrasivos incorporados en los dentífricos. Estos agentes pueden deteriorar la superficie del esmalte dental. En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado la incidencia del tamaño y la forma del dióxido de silicio sobre la abrasión y blanqueo de la superficie dental. Para ello se utilizaron dientes de origen bovino pigmentados sometidos a 800 cepillados, analizando la actividad blanqueante y abrasiva de cuatro dentífricos y realizando un estudio morfométrico de sus agentes abrasivos. Los resultados han mostrado que las partículas de mayor tamaño con vértices y aristasvivas producen una mayor abrasión de la superficie dental, lo que no está directamente correlacionado con la actividad blanqueante. En el dentífrico con partículas abrasivas de formas redondeadas se ha observado una menor abrasión, sin que por ello disminuya la actividad blanqueante (AU)

Dental cleaning is dependent on the removal of the pellicle, for which the mechanical action of the abrasives included in the composition of dentifrices is required. These abrasives may damage the surface of the enamel. In the present study it is been studied whether the size and shape of the silica could affect the abrasion and cleaning power of the dental surface. To do this, bovine stained incisors were toothbrushed for 800 strokes and the cleaning and abrasive power of four dentifrices was assessed. A morphometric evaluation of their abrasive particles was also carried out. The results show that the abrasive particles with the largest size and sharp edges cause a greater abrasion of the surface. This greater abrasion was not correlated with a greater cleaning power. Those dentifrices containing round abrasive particles showed a lower abrasion, with no loss of cleaning power (AU)

A propósito del termociclado. Breve exposición de los principios físicos en los que se basa / No disponible

En la investigación de materiales odontológicos con frecuencia se utilizan ensayos de Termociclado (TC) para discernir el efecto que producen los cambios de temperatura, que estos materiales soportan en el entorno oral, sobre su integridad. Los hallazgos que en la literatura se atribuyen a estas fluctuaciones térmicas son contradictorios. Objetivos: El objetivo de este artículo es examinar los principios físicos en que se basa y la metodología usada, para después plantearla hipótesis de su validez tal como hoy en día lo utilizamos y apuntarla necesidad de una investigación bien diseñada que nos permita su utilización con garantías de credibilidad. Conclusiones: Algunas de las causas que explicarían que los resultados de los ensayos de TC sean tan contradictorios serían la falta de protocolarización y estandarización de que adolecen, la ausencia de controles negativos, la naturaleza del líquido del baño y el solapamiento de los efectos de la inmersión y el tiempo total de esta (AU)

In the odonthological materials investigation, thermocicle tests are often used to find out the effect produced by the temperature changes wich these materials bear upon their integrity within the oral environment. The findings on literature related to these thermical fluctuations are contradictory (AU)