ABSTRACT
Fat facets is a deubiquitinating enzyme required in a cell communication pathway that limits to eight the number of photoreceptor cells in each facet of the Drososphila compound eye. Genetic data support a model whereby Faf removes ubiquitin, a polypeptide tag for protein degradation, from a specific ubiquitinated protein thus preventing its degradation. Here, mutations in the liquid facets gene were identified as dominant enhancers of the fat facets mutant eye phenotype. The liquid facets locus encodes epsin, a vertebrate protein associated with the clathrin endocytosis complex. The results of genetic experiments reveal that fat facets and liquid facets facilitate endocytosis and function in common cells to generate an inhibitory signal that prevents ectopic photoreceptor determination. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the fat facets mutant phenotype is extraordinarily sensitive to the level of liquid facets expression. We propose that Liquid facets is a candidate for the critical substrate of Fat facets in the eye.
Subject(s)
Carrier Proteins/physiology , Endocytosis/physiology , Endopeptidases/physiology , Neuropeptides/physiology , Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/physiology , Vesicular Transport Proteins , Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Base Sequence , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Cell Count , Cloning, Molecular , DNA, Complementary , Drosophila/genetics , Drosophila/physiology , Endopeptidases/genetics , Gene Expression , Molecular Sequence Data , Mutagenesis , Neuropeptides/genetics , Neuropeptides/metabolism , PhenotypeSubject(s)
Candidiasis/etiology , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Chorioamnionitis/etiology , Conization , Obstetric Labor, Premature/etiology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adult , Antibiotic Prophylaxis , Candidiasis/diagnosis , Candidiasis/pathology , Chorioamnionitis/diagnosis , Chorioamnionitis/pathology , Female , Humans , Obstetric Labor, Premature/diagnosis , Obstetric Labor, Premature/pathology , Placenta/pathology , Pregnancy , Tocolysis , Umbilical Cord/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
As the incidence of cardiovascular disease in women increases, the process of cardiac rehabilitation in women is becoming increasingly important to nurses. Specifically, the issue of women's compliance with cardiac rehabilitation needs to be addressed by nurses. Most past and current research on cardiac rehabilitation and compliance with rehabilitation programs has been conducted on male subjects and cannot be accurately generalized to the female population. This article reviews current literature which addresses the issues of heart disease in women, cardiac rehabilitation and compliance in the general population, gender differences in cardiac rehabilitation, and compliance of women in cardiac rehabilitation.
Subject(s)
Cardiac Rehabilitation , Patient Compliance , Women/psychology , Aged , Female , Humans , Motivation , Research Design , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
A series of speech identification tests using 15 synthetic consonant-vowel syllables with variations in second and third formant transitions were conducted in different age groups with normal hearing and a group of older subjects with a sensorineural hearing loss. Varying degree of categorical perception of three distinct phoneme categories /b, d, g/ was observed in all groups. Responses were depending on start frequency and gliding direction of second and third formant transitions. In the group of 60-80-year-old persons with a hearing loss response percentages were significantly lower and error frequency high. Furthermore, category shift boundaries changed as compared with the group of 20-40 years old. Results in a group of children age 8-15 years, were rather similar to those in the 20-40-year-old group. Both age and age-induced sensorineural hearing loss seemed to influence elderly people's ability to identity the synthetic speech stimuli.
Subject(s)
Phonetics , Speech Perception , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Child , Hearing Loss/physiopathology , Humans , Middle Aged , Speech AcousticsABSTRACT
Two series of speech identification tests were conducted in different age groups, the first test consisting of 11 synthetic speech stimuli varying in vowel length, the second test being composed of 30 natural speech stimuli varying in length of the initial consonant. Categorical perception of different phonemes was demonstrated in both experiments in all age groups. Persons more than 65 years of age showed significantly lower response percentages in both tests than did younger subjects. In the test where natural speech stimuli were used, boundaries of phoneme-category shift were dislocated in the older when compared with results of the younger subjects. Furthermore, speech discrimination was poorer in monaural than in binaural listening condition in the groups of more than 65-year-old persons with signs of age-induced sensorineural hearing loss; in this age group women showed clearly better results than men. These differences could not be demonstrated in the younger age groups.
Subject(s)
Speech Acoustics , Speech Perception , Speech , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Child , Humans , Phonetics , Time FactorsABSTRACT
We studied nasal mucociliary clearance by means of the saccharin-sky-blue technique in patients with septal deformities of the nose before and after plastic operation. The results were compared with clearance measurements in healthy persons. Prior to operation nasal clearance was statistically significantly slower (p less than 0.05) in the patient group, and mucociliostasis occurred in 21% of all measurements compared with only 3% in the group of healthy persons. 3 months after septoplasty nasal clearance was found normal in all but 3 persons who had an active nasal infection at the time of postoperative investigation. In our opinion the saccharin-sky-blue test serves as a valuable technique in the evaluation of nasal mucociliary function prior and subsequent to operation of patients with septal deformities of the nose.
