Evaluation of Intra- and Interobserver Reproducibility of the New AO/OTA Classification for Distal Radius Fractures Compared with the Fernandez Classification.

Objective To evaluate the inter- and intraobserver reliability and reproducibility of the new AO/OTA 2018 classification for distal radius fractures and to compare it with the Fernandez classification system. Method A questionnaire was applied in the Qualtrics software on 10 specialists in hand surgery who classified 50 radiographs of distal radius fractures according to the Fernandez and AO/OTA 2018 classifications and, subsequently, indicated their treatment. The questionnaire was applied in time T0 and repeated after 4 weeks (t1) . The mean agreement between the answers, and the reliability and inter- and intraobserver reproducibility were analyzed using kappa indexes. Results The mean interobserver agreement in the Fernandez classification was 76.4, and it was 59.2% in the AO/OTA 2018 classification. The intraobserver agreements were 77.3 and 56.6%, respectively. The inter- and intraobserver kappa indexes for the Fernandez classification were 0.57 and 0.55, respectively, and, in the AO/OTA 2018 classification, they were 0.34 and 0.31, respectively. Conclusion The AO/OTA 2018 classification showed a low intra- and interobserver reproducibility when compared with the Fernandez classification. However, both classifications have low intra- and interobserver indexes. Although the Fernandez classification did not obtain excellent results, it remains with better agreement for routine use.

Evaluation of Intra- and Interobserver Reproducibility of the New AO/OTA Classification for Distal Radius Fractures Compared with the Fernandez Classification / Avaliação da reprodutibilidade intra- e interobservador da nova classificação AO/OTA para fraturas distais do rádio comparada com a classificação de Fernandez

Abstract Objective To evaluate the inter- and intraobserver reliability and reproducibility of the new AO/OTA 2018 classification for distal radius fractures and to compare it with the Fernandez classification system. Method A questionnaire was applied in the Qualtrics software on 10 specialists in hand surgery who classified 50 radiographs of distal radius fractures according to the Fernandez and AO/OTA 2018 classifications and, subsequently, indicated their treatment. The questionnaire was applied in time T0 and repeated after 4 weeks (t1). The mean agreement between the answers, and the reliability and inter- and intraobserver reproducibility were analyzed using kappa indexes. Results The mean interobserver agreement in the Fernandez classification was 76.4, and it was 59.2% in the AO/OTA 2018 classification. The intraobserver agreements were 77.3 and 56.6%, respectively. The inter- and intraobserver kappa indexes for the Fernandez classification were 0.57 and 0.55, respectively, and, in the AO/OTA 2018 classification, they were 0.34 and 0.31, respectively. Conclusion The AO/OTA 2018 classification showed a low intra- and interobserver reproducibility when compared with the Fernandez classification. However, both classifications have low intra- and interobserver indexes. Although the Fernandez classification did not obtain excellent results, it remains with better agreement for routine use.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a confiabilidade e a reprodutibilidade inter- e intraobservadores da nova classificação AO/OTA 2018 para fraturas distais do rádio e compará-la com o sistema classificatório de Fernandez. Métodos Foi aplicado um questionário no software Qualtrics em 10 especialistas em cirurgia da mão que classificaram 50 radiografias de fraturas distais de rádio de acordo com as classificações de Fernandez e AO/OTA 2018 e, posteriormente, indicaram seu tratamento. Esse questionário foi aplicado em tempo T0 e repetido após 4 semanas (t1). Analisou-se a média de concordância entre as respostas e confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade inter- e intraobservadores utilizando os índices kappa. Resultados A concordância média interobservador para a classificação de Fernandez foi de 76,4, e de 59,2% para a AO/OTA 2018. A concordância intraobservador foi de 77,3 e 56,6%, respectivamente. O índice de kappa inter- e intraobservador para a classificação de Fernandez foram de 0,57 e de 0,55, respectivamente, e a classificação AO/OTA 2018 obteve 0,34 e 0,31, respectivamente. Conclusão A classificação AO/OTA 2018 mostrou uma reprodutibilidade intra- e interobservadores baixa quando comparada à classificação de Fernandez. Porém, ambas as classificações apresentam índices intra- e interobservadores baixos. Embora a classificação de Fernandez não tenha obtido resultados excelentes, ela permanece com melhor concordância para o uso rotineiro.

Treatment of acute wounds in hand with Calendula officinalis L.: A randomized trial.

Most injuries in the hand and fingers, especially on the digital pulps, are suited for healing by secondary intention. Nevertheless, delay in epithelization seems to unfavorably restrict this technique. The purpose of this controlled randomized clinical trial is to analyze by means of photo planimetry the progression of the healing process by secondary intention in acute wounds of the hand using the standardized extract of Calendula officinalis L. (SEC). The cohort of eligible participants included two groups of 20 patients with skin loss in the hand and fingers treated by secondary intention. Control group (CG) used mineral oil and intervention group (IG) received SEC. Wound pictures were captured at each outpatient assessment until epithelization was achieved and measured with ImageJ. Intervention group (IG) and control group (CG) with 19 wounds each, primarily formed by men in their 40's with wounds in their index and ring fingers on the left side, showed homogeneous variables and similar initial wound areas. Epithelization time was shorter and healing speed was faster in IG (IG = 8.6 ± 4.7 days and 9.5 ± 5.8%day versus CG = 13.2 ± 7.4 days and 6.2 ± 2.9%day, Æ¿ < 0.05), leading to the conclusion that healing by secondary intention in acute wounds of the hand and fingers with SEC led to a faster epithelization.

Early Recognition and Treatment of Carpometacarpal Fractures and Dislocations.

Carpometacarpal (CMC) injuries can easily be missed in more than half of the cases. Early diagnosis is crucial for treatment. Although the clinical aspect can lead the treating physician to suspect that anything is going wrong, appropriate radiographs, especially in the lateral view, are crucial for the diagnosis. The most common CMC fracture dislocations affects the 4 th and 5 th joints. Treatment will depend on the type of injury and on the degree of joint involvement. Reduction and fixation are usually required. When only one ray is affected, usually the 5 th , closed reduction and fixation with Kirschner wires can be performed. In complex cases, open reduction and fixation are required, with Kirschner wires being the most commonly used materials. After the hardware removal, rehabilitation can be intensified. If an appropriate reduction has been achieved, satisfactory functional and radiological outcomes are expected.

Traumatized Hand - Update at the First Visit.

The hand is the segment most exposed to trauma, with a large volume of care in urgent and emergency services. Therefore, it is necessary that physicians on duty have the essential knowledge to effectively manage these injuries. In the present article, we will review the main conditions and conduct guidelines.

Functional results after carpal tunnel release in mucopolysaccharidosis.

BACKGROUND: Mucopolysaccharidosis consists of a group of diseases caused by the deficiency of lysosomal enzymes, which may lead to the compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel due to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycan, resulting in the hand disability. The study purpose is to present functional results of carpal tunnel release in mucopolysaccharidosis patients. Patients were selected from an enzyme replacement group in the Department of Pediatric Neurology. The legal guardians of the patients were informed about the likely functional change of the hands induced by compression of the median nerve. Clinical evaluation was performed in those patients who received their legal guardians' consent to participate and was included inspection, assessment of functional level, wrinkle test and the digital pinch function to manipulate small and large objects. Ultrasound and electromyography were performed to confirm the clinical median nerve compression. Bilateral extended opening technique was performed to access the carpal tunnel and analyze the anatomic findings of the median nerve and the flexed tendons of the fingers. After the surgical release of the carpal tunnel, the clinical evaluation was repeated. Subjective observations of the legal guardians were also considered. RESULTS: Seven patients underwent bilateral surgical opening of the carpal tunnel; six boys, mean age of 9.5 (5 to 13), five of them presenting Type II mucopolysaccharidosis, 1 Type I and 1 Type VI. The average follow-up was 12 months (10-13 months). The functional results observed included the improvement in the handling of small and large objects in all children who underwent decompression of the median nerve. The comparison between the pre-operative and post-operative functional levels revealed that 2 patients evolved from Level II to IV, 3 from Level III to IV, 1 from Level IV to V and 1 patient remained in Level III. Tenosynovitis around the flexor tendons and severe compression of the median nerve in the fourteen carpal tunnels were observed during the surgical procedure. In 6 wrists, partial tenosynovitis was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the improvement in the overall function of the children' hands, we cannot conclude that only surgery was responsible for the benefit. Better designed studies are required.

Terminologia Anatômica em Ortopedia / Anatomic Terminology in Orthopedics

Há grande variação com relação à ortografia de termos científicos em artigos e textos médicos. Visando padronizar esses termos, vigora atualmente a Terminologia Anatômica, publicada pelo Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology e traduzida pela Comissão de Terminologia Anatômica da Sociedade Brasileira de Anatomia. Este trabalho correlaciona alguns termos usados na linguagem cotidiana com aqueles preconizados pela Nomina Anatomica. Também, discute a necessidade e a possibilidade de essa lista vir a tornar-se referência para escrita de assuntos ortopédicos.

The spelling of scientific words in medical papers and textbooks varies a lot. In order to standardize such spelling, we now have the Anatomical Terminology, published by the Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology, which has been translated into Portuguese by the Terminology Committee of the Brazilian Anatomy Society. This paper correlates some of the words used in daily language to some of the words suggested by the Nomina Anatomica. The paper also discusses the need and the prospects of having such list become the reference of the spelling in orthopedic matters.

Relação anatômica entre a inserção do tendão extensor e a matriz ungueal: estudo anatômico em cadáveres / Anatomic relationship between the extensor tendon insertion and the ungual matrix: anatomic study in cadavers

Objetivo: Verificar a distância média entre o tendão terminal e a matriz ungueal em cadáveres adultos conservados em formol, estabelecendo o padrão anatômico da região e suas eventuais variações, com o intuito de reduzir o risco de lesão durante procedimentos cirúrgicos na região. Métodos: Foram estudados 19 polegares, 18 indicadores, 19 dedos médios, 19 anulares e 18 dedos mínimos (n = 93), provenientes de 11 mãos esquerdas e oito mãos direitas. Os limites entre o tendão extensor terminal e a matriz ungueal foram aferidos através de magnificação com lupa cirúrgica; a medição da distância foi realizada com paquímetro de precisão. Resultados: A média da referida distância para todos os dedos foi de 1,06mm (1,06mm para o polegar, 1,10mm para o dedo indicador, 1,04mm para o dedo médio, 1,05mm para o dedo anular e 1,04mm para o dedo mínimo). Conclusão: O tratamento cirúrgico das afecções em torno da unha requer conhecimento completo da anatomia local, visando prevenir as alterações estéticas e funcionais causadas pelas lesões da matriz ungueal.

Fluoresceína na avaliaçäo da viabilidade tecidual em fraturas expostas graves / Fluorescein to evaluate tissue viability in severe open fractures

Estudo clínico experimental usa a fluoresceína para avaliar a viabilidade tecidual em fraturas expostas graves, como marcador para delimitar as áreas que iräo evoluir com necrose. Foram avaliados dez pacientes com fraturas expostas de grau III. Dos quatro pacientes que apresentaram teste positivo (áreas fluorescentes ou intermediárias), nenhum evoluiu com necrose e um teve infecçao; três pacientes apresentaram teste negativo em grandes áreas; todos evoluíram com necrose e infecçäo; e três pacientes que apresentaram teste negativo, em pequenas áreas, evoluíram sem necrose ou infecçäo. Este é um estudo preliminar, havendo necessidade de séries maiores e continuidade da pesquisa. Os autores acreditam que a fluoresceína pode ser usada como adjuvante quando há dúvida na decisäo do desbridamento pelo cirurgiäo.

Rotaçäo interna na paralisia obstétrica: comparaçäo dos resultados dos procedimentos de Sever-L'Episcopo e osteotomia derrotadora do úmero / Internal rotation in obstetric palsy: comparison between the results of the procedures of Sever-L'Episcopo and rotation osteotomy of the humerus

Foram selecionados 20 pacientes com seqüela de paralisia obstétrica enquadrados no grupo II de Mallet pré-operatoriamente. Dos 20 pacientes, 13 foram submetidos ao procedimento de Sever-L'Episco modificado por Green & Tachdjan (grupo A) e sete, à osteotomia derrotadora do úmero (grupo B). No grupo A, cinco dos 13 pacientes permaneceram no grupo II de Mallet, seis passaram para o grupo III de Mallet e dois para o grupo IV de Mallet. No grupo B, cinco dos sete pacientes passaram para o grupo IV de Mallet e dois para o grupo III de Mallet. A análise estatística nesta amostra de pacientes revelou que os resultados do procedimento da osteotomia derrotadora foram superiores aos do procedimento de Sever-L'Episcopo.