ABSTRACT
Advanced putrefaction causes extensive loss of soft tissue, rendering it difficult to use the diatom test as a reliable diagnostic tool for drowning investigations. A positive diatom test in carrion insect larvae may provide significant assistance in overcoming the challenge of decomposition. The studies determined the utility of diatom test in carrion larvae on severely decomposed bodies. A modified acid digestion method involving nitric acid, K2Cr2O7 and HCl, was used to digest the blowfly larvae feeding on piglet carrion previously drowned in freshwater and sea water, respectively. Extracted diatom frustules were analysed and characterised using light microscopy coupled to a digital camera. Diatoms recovered from maggots on sea-drowned piglets were similar to diatoms from sea water (drowning medium). Centric diatoms recovered in maggots were higher (200 ± 60 diatoms/ mL) than pennate diatoms (80 ± 20 diatoms/mL). Isolated diatoms common to both maggots and water samples included Coscinodiscus sp. and Navicular spp. Albeit, there were no diatoms recovered from maggots on freshwater-drowned piglets. The findings of this study suggest that the diatom test is still a reliable diagnostic tool to determine if drowning was involved in the death of a fully decomposed body. This is the first study that isolated diatoms from maggots feeding on drowned bodies. It serves as the basis for further research into the utility of maggots for drowning investigations.
ABSTRACT
The incidence of drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) has dramatically increased in the last decades. Forensic analytical scientists continuously seek new methods and specimens to prove the incidence of intoxication for the judiciary system. Factors influencing sample selection include the ease of obtaining the samples and the window of detection of the drugs, among others. Both conventional (blood, urine) and non-conventional specimens (hair, nails, fluids) have been proposed as suitable in DFSA cases. Reported sample treatments include a variety of liquid-liquid and solid-phase extraction as well as dilute-and-shoot procedures and microextraction techniques. Regarding analysis, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has emerged as the preferred confirmatory technique, due to its sensitivity, selectivity, and wide-scope applicability. In this review, we critically discuss the most common specimens and sample treatments/analysis procedures (related to LC-MS/MS) that have been reported during the last ten years. As a final goal, we intend to provide a critical overview and suggest analytical recommendations for the establishment of suitable analytical strategies in DFSA cases.
Subject(s)
Sex Offenses , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Forensic Medicine , Forensic Toxicology , Substance Abuse Detection/methods , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methodsABSTRACT
Public health emergencies, such as the current SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, have led to tragic resource constraints that prevent lives from being saved. This has led to tensions in patient-centered care as the backbone of the system in normal conditions and the same care in emergencies originating in the COVID-19. In this review we address some of the healthcare, organizational and ethical problems that this scenario has caused in primary care such as: cancellation of programmed activities; scarce home care and follow-up of elderly, chronically ill and immobilized patients; shortage of PPE and the exposure to risk of healthcare professionals, and finally the problems associated with telemedicine and telephone attention to patients.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/prevention & control , Health Care Rationing/ethics , Health Services Accessibility/ethics , Infection Control/methods , Primary Health Care/ethics , Telemedicine/ethics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Health Care Rationing/methods , Health Care Rationing/organization & administration , Health Services Accessibility/organization & administration , Health Services for the Aged/ethics , Health Services for the Aged/organization & administration , Humans , Infection Control/instrumentation , Infection Control/organization & administration , Pandemics , Personal Protective Equipment/supply & distribution , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Quality of Health Care/ethics , Quality of Health Care/organization & administration , Spain/epidemiology , Telemedicine/methods , Telemedicine/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Las emergencias de salud pública, como la que estamos viviendo con la pandemia originada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, han originado trágicas limitaciones de recursos que impiden salvar vidas. Provocan tensiones en la atención sanitaria centrada en el paciente como eje del sistema en condiciones normales, y en la misma atención sanitaria en situaciones de emergencia originadas en la COVID-19. En esta revisión abordamos algunos de los problemas asistenciales, organizativos y éticos que este escenario ha provocado en la atención primaria, como: cancelación de actividades programadas; escasa atención domiciliaria y seguimiento de pacientes ancianos, enfermos crónicos e inmovilizados; desabastecimiento de EPI y exposición al riesgo de los profesionales sanitarios, y finalmente los problemas asociados a la telemedicina y a la atención telefónica a los pacientes
Public health emergencies, such as the current SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, have led to tragic resource constraints that prevent lives from being saved. This has led to tensions in patient-centered care as the backbone of the system in normal conditions and the same care in emergencies originating in the COVID-19. In this review we address some of the healthcare, organizational and ethical problems that this scenario has caused in primary care such as: cancellation of programmed activities; scarce home care and follow-up of elderly, chronically ill and immobilized patients; shortage of PPE and the exposure to risk of healthcare professionals, and finally the problems associated with telemedicine and telephone attention to patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Pandemics/ethics , Primary Health Care/ethics , Primary Health Care/methods , Telemedicine/ethicsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospitalization for aging populations in Western countries, and is showing an increasing mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the probable long-term mortality risk factors for patients admitted because of HF. METHODS: Retrospective study of a cohort of 202 patients consecutively hospitalized because of HF and followed up for a maximum period of 5 years. Clinical and epidemiological factors and their relationship to in-hospital and long-term mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 16%.The independent predictors were: age >75 years (HR?=?2.68, 95%?IC: 1.65-4.36, p?=?0.001); cognitive impairment (HR?=?2.77, 95%?IC: 1.40-5.48, p?=?0.004); Barthel index =60 (HR?=?0.54, 95%?IC: 0.37-0.78, p?=?0,009); creatinine levels >1.16 mg/dl at admission (HR?=?1.57, 95%?IC: 1.12-2.20, p?=?0.009); and number of diagnostics >10 on discharge (HR?=?1. 64, 95%?IC: 1.14-2.36, p?=?0.007). Accumulated mortality at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after hospital discharge were 43%, 51%, 67% and 70%, respectively; the independent predictors for this were: age >75 years (HR?=?2.55, 95%?IC: 1.56-4.15, p?<0.001); cognitive impairment (HR?=?2.45, 95%?IC: 1.22-4.90, p?=?0.011); creatinine levels >1.16 mg/dl on admission (HR?=?1.59, 95%?IC: 1.12-2.24, p?=?0.009); systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg on admission (HR?=?0.56, 95%?IC: 0.40-0.80, p?<0.001); and number of diagnostics >10 on discharge (HR?=?1. 49, 95%?IC: 1.03-2.16, p?=?0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and epidemiological factors related to in-hospital and long-term mortality could help to improve the management of patients with HF.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cognition Disorders/mortality , Creatinine/blood , Female , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Humans , Hypertension/mortality , Male , Patient Discharge , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO: La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es la primera causa de hospitalización en países occidentales, con una mortalidad creciente. El objetivo fue describir los posibles factores pronósticos de mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por IC. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de una cohorte de 202 pacientes consecutivos hospitalizados por IC, y seguidos durante un período máximo de 5 años. Se analizaron variables basales epidemiológicas y clínicas y su relación con la mortalidad hospitalaria y a largo plazo. RESULTADOS: La mortalidad durante el episodio índice de hospitalización fue del 16%. Las variables predictoras independientes de la mortalidad hospitalaria fueron: edad >75 años (HR = 2,68; IC 95%: 1,65-4,36; p = 0,001), presencia de deterioro cognitivo (HR = 2,77; IC 95%: 1,40-5,48; p = 0,004), índice de Barthel >60 (HR = 0,54; IC 95%: 0,37-0,78; p = 0,009), creatinina >1,16 mg/dL al ingreso (HR = 1,57; IC 95%: 1,12-2,20; p = 0,009) y >10 diagnósticos al alta (HR = 1,64; IC 95%: 1,14-2,36; p = 0,007). La mortalidad global acumulada a los 12, 24, 36 y 48 meses fue del 43%, 51%, 67% y 70%, respectivamente, y sus predictores independientes fueron: edad >75 años (HR = 2,55; IC 95%: 1,56-4,15; p <0,001), deterioro cognitivo al ingreso (HR = 2,45; IC 95%: 1,22-4,90; p = 0,011), creatinina >1,16 mg/dL al ingreso (HR = 1,59; IC 95%: 1,12-2,24; p = 0,009), presión arterial sistólica <140 mm Hg al ingreso (HR = 0,56; IC 95%: 0,40-0,80; p <0,001) y >10 diagnósticos al alta (HR = 1,49; IC 95%: 1,03-2,16; p = 0,033). CONCLUSIONES: Existen variables relacionadas con la mortalidad hospitalaria y a largo plazo que podrían ayudar a un mejor manejo de estos pacientes
BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospitalization for aging populations in Western countries, and is showing an increasing mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the probable long-term mortality risk factors for patients admitted because of HF. METHODS: Retrospective study of a cohort of 202 patients consecutively hospitalized because of HF and followed up for a maximum period of 5 years. Clinical and epidemiological factors and their relationship to in-hospital and long-term mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 16%.The independent predictors were: age >75 years (HR = 2.68, 95% IC: 1.65-4.36, p = 0.001); cognitive impairment (HR = 2.77, 95% IC: 1.40-5.48, p = 0.004); Barthel index ≥60 (HR = 0.54, 95% IC: 0.37-0.78, p = 0,009); creatinine levels >1.16 mg/dl at admission (HR = 1.57, 95% IC: 1.12-2.20, p = 0.009); and number of diagnostics >10 on discharge (HR = 1. 64, 95% IC: 1.14-2.36, p = 0.007). Accumulated mortality at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after hospital discharge were 43%, 51%, 67% and 70%, respectively; the independent predictors for this were: age >75 years (HR = 2.55, 95% IC: 1.56-4.15, p <0.001); cognitive impairment (HR = 2.45, 95% IC: 1.22-4.90, p = 0.011); creatinine levels >1.16 mg/dl on admission (HR = 1.59, 95% IC: 1.12-2.24, p = 0.009); systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg on admission (HR = 0.56, 95% IC: 0.40-0.80, p <0.001); and number of diagnostics >10 on discharge (HR = 1. 49, 95% IC: 1.03-2.16, p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and epidemiological factors related to in-hospital and long-term mortality could help to improve the management of patients with HF
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Heart Failure/mortality , Hospitalization , Prognosis , Cohort Studies , Retrospective Studies , Length of Stay , Survival Analysis , Risk Factors , Confidence IntervalsABSTRACT
La conducta suicida es un verdadero problema de salud pública del que nos viene advirtiendo la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) desde hace años. Este trabajo es un estudio epidemiológico retrospectivo de la mortalidad por suicidio en la serie histórica desde el año 1960 al 1990 en el partido judicial de Priego de Córdoba, una demarcación territorial situada entre Córdoba y Granada. El número de suicidios en dichas localidades triplica la media nacional durante este periodo, correspondiendo la modalidad mayoritariamente a la ahorcadura, que casi duplica las cifras a nivel nacional. De las variables estudiadas, las que resultan con significación estadística son: sexo (más frecuente en hombres), edad (más frecuente entre los 50 y los 59 años), estación del año (más frecuente en primavera y verano) y distribución horaria (más frecuente entre las 8 y las 16 horas) (AU)
Suicide behaviour is a real publichealth problem, as the World Health Organization (WHO) has been warning since some years. Our work is an epidemiological study of mortality due to suicide in a historical series of cases between 1960 to 1990. Suicide cases were extracted from data in regional archives and from autopsy reports in the Priego de Córdoba court registry office, located among the territories of Córdoba and Granada. The number of suicides in this area triples the average of suicides in Spain during this period. The most common method used was hanging, doubling the average of this category in Spain. Our results with statistical significance were: Suicide occurred more frequently in males, and in the 50-59 year old population. With relation to temporal distribution, suicides were more frequent in spring and summer, as well as more frequent between 8:00 and 16:00 hours (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Seasons/analysis , 25631/analysis , Epidemiologic Studies , Age and Sex DistributionABSTRACT
The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of antiretroviral treatment on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of three groups of HIV-positive inmates: those who are taking antiretroviral treatment, those who are not on treatment as it has not yet been indicated, and those who refuse to take treatment even though it has been recommended. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 585 HIV+ inmates in three prisons. The response variable was HRQOL. Independent variables were: sociodemographic variables, psychosocial and drug-related variables. Two multivariate linear regression models were constructed in order to determine the HRQOL, physical health score (PHS) and mental health score (MHS), for each of the three groups identified, using patients who refused treatment as the reference category. Patients who refused therapy had a lower MHS compared with patients in whom treatment was not indicated (P = 0.038). With regard to PHS, patients refusing therapy had a lower score than patients who were not indicated therapy (P = 0.005), and than patients receiving therapy (P = 0.010).
Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy , HIV Seropositivity/psychology , Prisoners , Quality of Life , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Prisons , Spain , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Current studies of HIV+ patients in the prison population have been carried out without considering differences that might exist between patients who accept retroviral treatment and those who do not. One possible reason for this may be the difficulty in gaining access to patients who refuse antiretroviral treatment. However, the prison environment makes it possible to locate and study this type of patient, who up till now has not been the subject of study. The aim of this article is to describe the clinical and psychosocial state of HIV+ inmates who refuse ARVT and compare this data with patients receiving treatment and others for whom treatment has not been indicated. METHODS: Cross-sectional study using 585 HIV+ inmates in three prisons in Andalusia from May to June 2004. Refusal, acceptance and non-indication of ARVT treatment was the grouping variable used. The independent variables were socio-demographic, psychosocial, clinical and other variables relating to the prison environment. RESULTS: 16.8% of patients refused ARVT, while 56.3% were receiving treatment and another 26.8 were not indicated for any medication. Amongst the patients that refused ARVT there was a greater prevalence of HIV co-infection, higher inprison consumption of opiates and methadone treatment, more cases pending and higher rates of recidivism. CONCLUSIONS: these results highlight the existence of a group with unique characteristics that is accessible thanks to the special conditions within the prison environment. It is a group that chooses not to follow therapeutic indications and which represents a risk factor not only for its own health, but also for the community at large.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: En los estudios existentes sobre pacientes VIH+ la población a estudio ha sido tomada de manera homogénea,sin diferenciar aquella que cumple los requerimientos terapéuticos de la que no lo hace. Quizás por la dificultad en elacceso al grupo de pacientes que rehúsan el tratamiento antirretroviral. El medio penitenciario nos permite acceder a esta población,hasta hoy no estudiada. El objetivo de este estudio es describir el estado clínico y psicosocial de los reclusos seropositivosque rehúsan el TARV, comparándolo con el de aquellos que sí están en TARV o no se les indica tomarlo.Métodos: Estudio transversal con 585 reclusos VIH positivos ingresados en tres prisiones andaluzas entre mayo-juliode 2004. Como variable de agrupación se empleó rehusar el TARV, tomarlo o no hacerlo por no estar indicado. Como independientesse incluyeron sociodemográficas, psicosociales, clínicas y relacionadas con el medio penitenciario.Resultados: El 16,8% de los reclusos rehusaban el TARV, mientras el 56,3% estaban en tratamiento y al 26,8% no le estabaindicado. Entre los reclusos que rehusaban el TARV aparece una mayor prevalencia de coinfección por VHC, mayorconsumo intrapenitenciario de opiáceos y tratamiento con metadona, más juicios pendientes y más entradas en prisión.Conclusiones: Estos resultados ponen de relieve la existencia de un grupo poblacional, accesible gracias al medio penitenciario,con características propias que no sigue las indicaciones terapéuticas y que representa un riesgo no sólo para su salud, sino para la de la comunidad (AU)
Introduction: Current studies of HIV+ patients in the prison population have been carried out without considering differencesthat might exist between patients who accept retroviral treatment and those who do not. One possible reason forthis may be the difficulty in gaining access to patients who refuse antiretroviral treatment. However, the prison environmentmakes it possible to locate and study this type of patient, who up till now has not been the subject of study. The aim of thisarticle is to describe the clinical and psychosocial state of HIV+ inmates who refuse ARVT and compare this data with patientsreceiving treatment and others for whom treatment has not been indicated.Methods: Cross-sectional study using 585 HIV+ inmates in three prisons in Andalusia from May to June 2004. Refusal,acceptance and non-indication of ARVT treatment was the grouping variable used. The independent variables were socio-demographic, psychosocial, clinical and other variables relating to the prison environment.Results: 16.8% of patients refused ARVT, while 56.3% were receiving treatment and another 26.8 were not indicated (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patient Dropouts/statistics & numerical data , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Prisoners/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , SpainABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Among HIV positive patients the CD4 lymphocyte count, especially the viral load, are the best predictors for progress to full blown AIDS or death. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with progress of the CD4 lymphocyte count and viral load in prison inmates in antiretroviral treatment. METHODS: A fixed cohort study was conducted with HIV positive inmates receiving antiretroviral therapy in three Spanish prisons. Adherence to antiretroviral treatment was assessed with the SMAQ questionnaire. To analyze the progress of CD4 and viral load clinical parameters, two fixed effect multilevel linear regression models were utilised. RESULTS: 10% of the sample were women, 42% referred for anxiety or symptoms of depression in the final week, and 46.6% reported having social support inside the prison. CD4 and viral load clinical parameter means were 2.48 and 2.89 respectively, and 38.6% had an undetectable viral load. A negative correlation between viral load and CD4 lymphocyte count (p<0.001) was found. Those inmates who did not present psychological morbidity showed a significant reduction in plasma viral load (p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show the relevance of psychosocial factors in the immune system.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: Entre los pacientes infectados por el VIH el recuento linfocitario y fundamentalmente la carga viral, sonlos mejores predictores al estado definitorio de SIDA o muerte. Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados a la evolución delrecuento de linfocitos CD4 y carga viral en reclusos en tratamiento con antirretrovirales. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio decohorte fija a reclusos VIH positivos en tratamiento con antirretrovirales de tres prisiones españolas. La adherencia al tratamientoantirretroviral se midió a través del cuestionario SMAQ. Para analizar la evolución de los parámetros clínicos de CD4y carga viral se realizaron dos modelos de regresión lineal multinivel de efectos fijos. Resultados: El 10% eran mujeres, el42% refirió padecer ansiedad o depresión en la última semana y el 46,6% refirió tener apoyo social dentro de la prisión. Encuanto a la media de los parámetros clínicos de log10 CD4 y log10 carga viral fueron de 2,48 y 2,89 respectivamente, teniendoel 38,6% carga viral indetectable. Se encontró una relación inversa entre la carga viral y el recuento de linfocitos CD4(p<0,001). En cuanto a la carga viral plasmática aquellos reclusos sin morbilidad psíquica mostraron una reducción significativa(p=0,017) de la misma. Conclusiones: se pone de manifiesto la importancia de los factores psicosociales en el sistemainmunitario (AU)
Introduction: Among HIV positive patients the CD4 lymphocyte count, especially the viral load, are the best predictorsfor progress to full blown AIDS or death. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with progress of the CD4lymphocyte count and viral load in prison inmates in antiretroviral treatment. Methods: A fixed cohort study was conductedwith HIV positive inmates receiving antiretroviral therapy in three Spanish prisons. Adherence to antiretroviral treatmentwas assessed with the SMAQ questionnaire. To analyze the progress of CD4 and viral load clinical parameters, two fixedeffect multilevel linear regression models were utilised. Results: 10% of the sample were women, 42% referred for anxietyor symptoms of depression in the final week, and 46.6% reported having social support inside the prison. CD4 andviral load clinical parameter means were 2.48 and 2.89 respectively, and 38.6% had an undetectable viral load. A negative correlationbetween viral load and CD4 lymphocyte count (p<0.001) was found. Those inmates who did not present psychologicalmorbidity showed a significant reduction in plasma viral load (p=0.017). Conclusions: The results of this study showthe relevance of psychosocial factors in the immune system (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/immunology , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Prisons/statistics & numerical data , Viral Load , Follow-Up Studies , Cohort Studies , SpainABSTRACT
Introducción: Entre los pacientes infectados por el VIH el recuento linfocitario y fundamentalmente la carga viral, sonlos mejores predictores al estado definitorio de SIDA o muerte. Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados a la evolución delrecuento de linfocitos CD4 y carga viral en reclusos en tratamiento con antirretrovirales. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio decohorte fija a reclusos VIH positivos en tratamiento con antirretrovirales de tres prisiones españolas. La adherencia al tratamientoantirretroviral se midió a través del cuestionario SMAQ. Para analizar la evolución de los parámetros clínicos de CD4y carga viral se realizaron dos modelos de regresión lineal multinivel de efectos fijos. Resultados: El 10% eran mujeres, el42% refirió padecer ansiedad o depresión en la última semana y el 46,6% refirió tener apoyo social dentro de la prisión. Encuanto a la media de los parámetros clínicos de log10 CD4 y log10 carga viral fueron de 2,48 y 2,89 respectivamente, teniendoel 38,6% carga viral indetectable. Se encontró una relación inversa entre la carga viral y el recuento de linfocitos CD4(p<0,001). En cuanto a la carga viral plasmática aquellos reclusos sin morbilidad psíquica mostraron una reducción significativa (p=0,017) de la misma. Conclusiones: se pone de manifiesto la importancia de los factores psicosociales en el sistema inmunitario (AU)
Introduction: Among HIV positive patients the CD4 lymphocyte count, especially the viral load, are the best predictorsfor progress to full blown AIDS or death. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with progress of the CD4lymphocyte count and viral load in prison inmates in antiretroviral treatment. Methods: A fixed cohort study was conductedwith HIV positive inmates receiving antiretroviral therapy in three Spanish prisons. Adherence to antiretroviral treatmentwas assessed with the SMAQ questionnaire. To analyze the progress of CD4 and viral load clinical parameters, two fixedeffect multilevel linear regression models were utilised. Results: 10% of the sample were women, 42% referred for anxietyor symptoms of depression in the final week, and 46.6% reported having social support inside the prison. CD4 andviral load clinical parameter means were 2.48 and 2.89 respectively, and 38.6% had an undetectable viral load. A negative correlationbetween viral load and CD4 lymphocyte count (p<0.001) was found. Those inmates who did not present psychologicalmorbidity showed a significant reduction in plasma viral load (p=0.017). Conclusions: The results of this study showthe relevance of psychosocial factors in the immune system (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Viral Load , CD4 Antigens/isolation & purification , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To define the incidence of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders in prisoners of three prisons of CCAA in treatment with antiretrovirals, and moreover the associated variables and the intensity of social support within the prison. METHODS: Through a cross-sectional design 281 prisoners were studied. RESULTS: 42% showed mental morbidity and 53.4% lacked social support. To be imprisoned in the Granada prison, to be a woman, poor health state, to describe difficulties for compliance with antiretrovirals drug, a history greater than 13 years for drugs consumption, and usual residence with the couple of family, all were factors associated with mental morbidity. Factors associated with social support non-existence were history of more than one imprisonment, lack of familiarity with the medical equipment, to be more than 35 years old, and to suffer mental morbidity.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/epidemiology , Depression/epidemiology , HIV Infections/psychology , Prisons , Social Support , Adult , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Anxiety/therapy , Depression/therapy , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objetivo. Detectar la frecuencia de trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad y la frecuencia de apoyo social dentro de la cárcel en reclusos de tres prisiones de la CCAA en tratamiento con antirretrovirales y las variables asociadas. Métodos. Mediante un diseño transversal se estudiaron 281 reclusos. Resultados. El 42% tenían morbilidad psíquica y el 53,4% carecían de apoyo social. Estar ingresado en la cárcel de Granada, ser mujer, tener un peor estado de salud, referir dificultad para tomar los fármacos antirretrovirales, más de 13 años de consumo de drogas y convivir habitualmente con la pareja o familia se asociaron a la morbilidad psíquica. Los factores que se asocian a no tener apoyo social fueron tener más de una entrada en prisión, no tener confianza en el equipo médico, tener más de 35 años y presentar morbilidad psíquica (AU)
Objective. To define the incidence of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders in prisoners of three prisons of CCAA in treatment with antiretrovirals, and moreover the associated variables and the intensity of social support within the prison. Methods. Through a cross-sectional desing 281 prisoners were studied. Results. 42% showed mental morbidity and 53.4% lacked social support. To be imprisoned in the Granada prison, to be a woman, poor health state, to describe difficulties for compliance with antiretrovirals drug, a history greater than 13 years for drugs consumption, and ususal residence with the couple of family, all were factors associated with mental morbidity. Factors associated with social support non-existence were history of more than one imprisonment, lack of familiarity with the medical equipment, to be more than 35 years old, and to suffer mental morbidity (AU)
