ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine normative dynamic pupillometry data in healthy Indian adults and to investigate the effect of age on various pupillary parameters. METHODS: Pupillometry measurements were obtained on healthy participants using an automatic dynamic pupillometry device, the NPi-200 (NeurOptics Inc., Irvine, CA, USA). Various measurements, including neurologic pupil index (NPi), resting pupil size (Size), minimum pupil diameter (MIN), percentage change in pupil size (CH), constriction velocity (CV), maximum constriction velocity (MCV), latency (LAT), and dilatation velocity (DV), were obtained in routine clinical settings and analyzed statistically for change with age. RESULTS: A total of 470 participants (470 eyes) were analyzed. Mean NPi was 4.31 ± 0.31, Size was 4.38 ± 0.80 mm, MIN was 2.87 ± 0.49 mm, CH was 34.67 ± 4.15%, CV was 2.74 ± 0.68 mm/s, MCV was 4.16 ± 0.98 mm/s, LAT was 0.23 ± 0.02 s, and DV was 1.13 ± 0.25 mm/s. NPi and LAT were positively correlated (P < 0.01), whereas Size, MIN, CH, CV, MCV, and DV were negatively correlated with age (P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was observed between males and females. CONCLUSION: The study offers normative data on dynamic pupillometry parameters across various age groups within a healthy Indian population, which would serve as a reference for future studies in diverse clinical scenarios. It also elucidates that age significantly influences values in the NPi algorithm.
ABSTRACT
Chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) is the most common type of headache with no truly effective treatment. This study was designed to correlate the additive effect of meditation on CTTH patients receiving medical treatment. 50 patients (aged 18-58 years) presenting with a clinical diagnosis of CCTH, were divided in 2 groups. Group 1 (n=30) received 8 lessons and practical demonstration of Brahmakumaris spiritual based meditation known as Rajyoga meditation for relaxation therapy, in addition to routine medical treatment (analgesics and muscle relaxants). Group 2 (n=20) patients received analgesics and muscle relaxants twice a day but no relaxation therapy in the form of meditation. Both groups were followed up for 8 weeks period. The parameters studied were severity, frequency and duration of CCTH, and their headache index calculated. Patients in both groups showed a highly significant reduction in headache variables (P<0.001) after 8 weeks. But the percentage of patients showing highly significant relief in severity of headache, duration & frequency in Group 1 was 94%, 91% and 97% respectively whereas in Group 2 it was 36%, 36% and 49% respectively. Headache relief as calculated by headache index was 99% in Group 1 as compared to 51% in Group 2. Even Short term spiritual based relaxation therapy (Rajyoga meditation) was highly effective in causing earlier relief in chronic tension headache as measured by headache parameter.
