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1.
Synapse ; 42(2): 104-14, 2001 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11574947

ABSTRACT

The occurrence of human cerebellar serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptors (5-HT(2A)R) is equivocal and their status in schizophrenia unknown. Using a range of techniques, we investigated cerebellar 5-HT(2A)R expression in 16 healthy subjects and 16 subjects with schizophrenia. Immunocytochemistry with a monoclonal antibody showed labelling of Purkinje cell bodies and dendrites, as well as putative astrocytes. Western blots showed a major band at approximately 45 kDa. Receptor autoradiography and homogenate binding with [(3)H]ketanserin revealed cerebellar 5-HT(2A)R binding sites present at levels approximately a third of that in prefrontal cortex. 5-HT(2A)R mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, with higher relative levels in men than women. Several aspects of 5-HT(2A)R expression were altered in schizophrenia. 5-HT(2A)R immunoreactivity in Purkinje cells was partially redistributed from soma to dendrites and was increased in white matter. 5-HT(2A)R mRNA was decreased in the male patients. 5-HT(2A)R measured by dot blots and [(3)H]ketanserin binding (B(max) and K(d)) were not significantly altered in schizophrenia. These data show that 5-HT(2A)R gene products (mRNA, protein, binding sites) are expressed in the human cerebellum at nonnegligible levels; this bears upon 5-HT(2A)R imaging studies which use the cerebellum as a reference region. 5-HT(2A)R expression is altered in schizophrenia; the shift of 5-HT(2A)R from soma to dendrites is noteworthy since atypical antipsychotics have the opposite effect. Finally, the results emphasise that expression of a receptor gene is a mutifaceted process. Measurement of multiple parameters is necessary to give a clear picture of the normal situation and to show the profile of alterations in a disease.


Subject(s)
Astrocytes/metabolism , Cell Compartmentation/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation/physiology , Purkinje Cells/metabolism , Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism , Schizophrenia/metabolism , Serotonin/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Astrocytes/drug effects , Astrocytes/pathology , Binding Sites/drug effects , Binding Sites/physiology , Blotting, Western , Cell Compartmentation/physiology , Down-Regulation/drug effects , Down-Regulation/physiology , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Ketanserin/pharmacokinetics , Male , Middle Aged , Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism , Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology , Purkinje Cells/drug effects , Purkinje Cells/pathology , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Radioligand Assay , Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A , Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects , Receptors, Serotonin/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Schizophrenia/pathology , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacokinetics , Tritium , Up-Regulation/drug effects , Up-Regulation/physiology
2.
Transpl Int ; 11 Suppl 1: S424-9, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9665032

ABSTRACT

The shortage of hearts for transplantation has led to the use of organs from older donors in many centres. Despite the lack of coronary angiography on potential organ donors, hearts from carefully selected donors over 49 years of age have been used at this centre since 1988. In the study reported here looked at the impact of this strategy on morbidity and mortality. Between May 1988 and August 1996, 400 first heart transplants were performed, 35 recipients (31 male, 4 female; age 51 +/- 5.9 years) received hearts from donors over 49 years of age (group 1) while 365 (310 male, 55 female; age 49 +/- 9.7 years) had younger donors (group 2). The mean ischaemic time was 189 min (+/- 63.1) in group 1 and 180 min (+/- 59.2) in group 2 (n.s.). The main aetiology of heart failure in groups 1 and 2 was coronary artery disease in 46% and 51%, and dilated cardiomyopathy in 40% and 45% respectively (n.s.). There were no differences in the duration of stay on the intensive care unit or in hospital between the groups. One-year survival was 79% in group 1 and 82% in group 2 (n.s.) and actuarial 5-year survival 69% and 67%, respectively. Six patients in group 1 (17%) and 45 patients in group 2 (12%) died in the first 3 months; of these primary donor organ failure accounted for 50% in group 1 and 13.3% in group 2 (n.s.). Episodes of acute rejection (in the first 3 months) were similar in the two groups: 1.4 and 1.6 per 100 patient days, respectively. Infection rates were also similar: 0.5 and 0.6 per 100 patient days, respectively. The prevalence of coronary artery disease on surveillance coronary angiography at 2 years was 23% in group 1 and 9% in group 2 (P < 0.005). There was a greater proportion of CMV antibody donors in the older donor group, but the association between donor age and coronary artery disease persisted after adjusting for CMV status in multivariate analysis. Too few patients underwent angiography thereafter for valid comparisons. In summary, recipients of organs from donors aged 49 years and over can expect comparable survival rates and morbidity levels to recipients of organs from younger donors, at least in the first 2 years postoperation. There is evidence that older donors confer a significantly higher risk of cardiac allograft vasculopathy which may result in a greater attrition rate thereafter. Careful follow-up of these patients after 2 years is required.


Subject(s)
Heart Transplantation , Tissue Donors/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Female , Graft Rejection/epidemiology , Graft Survival , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
3.
Nurs Times ; 93(12): 50-1, 1997.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9121930

ABSTRACT

The skills involved in the post-operative management of patients undergoing transplantation are a major factor influencing their survival. This article explores the role of clinicians' assistants in providing care for patients and their families after cardiothoracic transplantation at the pioneering Papworth Hospital in Cambridgeshire.


Subject(s)
Nursing Assistants , Organ Transplantation/nursing , Postoperative Care/methods , Humans , Organ Transplantation/adverse effects
6.
Meat Sci ; 32(4): 407-12, 1992.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22059891

ABSTRACT

Analysis of responses by 151 people to five questions about meat and, in particular, lamb, showed that consumption of lamb on a weekly basis varied widely between consumers. There was some evidence that people who produce their own meat have a higher consumption of lamb than those who do not. A clear preference for either traditional or alternative lamb cuts according to the sex of the respondent was not found. Overall 60% of respondents preferred bone-in as opposed to bone-out leg, 72% preferred midloin to valentine chops and 73% preferred bone-out as opposed to bone-in forequarters.

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