Revision of the genus Tephrochlaena, with a key to genera of Palaearctic Heteromyzinae (Diptera: Heleomyzidae).

In order to fix the identity of the European monospecific genus of heleomyzid flies Tephrochlaena Czerny, 1924 (Figs. 1, 2), the type specimens of Helomyza halterata Meigen, 1830, and Tephrochlaena oraria Collin, 1943, were re-examined. Tephrochlaena oraria is redescribed, the lectotype is designated to clarify the application of the name to the taxon and the type species of Tephrochlaena Czerny, 1924 is fixed as Tephrochlaena oraria Collin, 1943 (= Helomyza halterata sensu Czerny, 1924, nec Meigen, 1830), under ICZN Article 70.3.2. External characters and male and female terminalia are illustrated. A key to the Palaearctic genera of the subfamily Heteromyzinae is provided. By First Reviser action, Tephrochlamys rufiventris (Meigen, 1830) is given precedence over Helomyza halterata Meigen, 1830 syn. nov. under ICZN Article 24.2.1. A lectotype is also designated for Helomyza rufiventris Meigen, 1830 under ICZN Recommendation 73F.

The world woodlouse flies (Diptera, Rhinophoridae).

The world Rhinophoridae are catalogued, recognising 33 genera and 177 species. Nomenclatural information is provided for all genus-group and species-group names, including lists of synonyms and name-bearing type data. Species distributions are recorded by country. A key to the world genera is presented. Four new genera are erected to accommodate five new species, which do not fit within any of the current generic concepts in Rhinophoridae, according to the results of a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis: Marshallicona Cerretti & Pape with type species Marshallicona quitu Cerretti & Pape, gen. et sp. nov. (Ecuador); Maurhinophora Cerretti & Pape with type species Maurhinophora indoceanica Cerretti & Pape, gen. et sp. nov. (Mauritius); Neotarsina Cerretti & Pape with type species Neotarsina caraibica Cerretti & Pape, gen. et sp. nov. (Trinidad and Tobago) and Neotarsina andina Cerretti & Pape, sp. nov. (Peru); Kinabalumyia Cerretti & Pape with type species Kinabalumyia pinax Cerretti & Pape, gen. et sp. nov. (Malaysia, Sabah). The genus Aporeomyia Pape & Shima (type species Aporeomyia antennalis Pape & Shima), originally assigned to Tachinidae, is here reassigned to Rhinophoridae based on a reassessment of the homologies of the male terminalia. The following five species-group names, which were previously treated as junior synonyms or nomina dubia, are recognised as valid species names: Acompomintho caucasica (Villeneuve, 1908), stat. rev. [from nomen dubium to valid species]; Acompomintho sinensis (Villeneuve, 1936), stat. rev. [from nomen dubium to valid species]; Stevenia bertei (Rondani, 1865), stat. rev. [from nomen dubium to valid species]; Stevenia sardoa Villeneuve, 1920, stat. rev. [from junior synonym of Rhinophora deceptoria Loew, 1847 to valid species]; Stevenia subalbida (Villeneuve, 1911), stat. rev. [from junior synonym of Rhinophora deceptoria Loew, 1847 to valid species]. Reversal of precedence is invoked for the following case of subjective synonymy to promote stability in nomenclature: Rhinophora lepida (Meigen, 1824), nomen protectum, and Musca parcus Harris, 1780: 144, nomen oblitum. New generic and specific synonymies are proposed for the following two names: Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935, junior synonym of Tromodesia Rondani, 1856, syn. nov. and Ptilocheta tacchetti Rondani, 1865, junior synonym of Stevenia obscuripennis (Loew, 1847), syn. nov. The following new combinations are proposed: Acompomintho sinensis (Villeneuve, 1936), comb. nov. [transferred from Tricogena Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830]; Tromodesia guzari (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935]; Tromodesia intermedia (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935]; Tromodesia lindneriana (Rohdendorf, 1961), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935]; Tromodesia magnifica (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935]; Tromodesia obscurior (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935]; Tromodesia pallidissima (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935]; Tromodesia setiventris (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935] and Tromodesia shachrudi (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935].

Oral Health Impact Profile in Celiac Patients: Analysis of Recent Findings in a Literature Review.

The increment of recording atypical oral manifestation in young patients often related to systematic disease is today a challenge for the therapists. Sometime, the presence of tooth enamel lesions correlated with soft tissue lesions is just a symptom or a trigger sign for a deeper and undetermined disease. Recently, high impact has been developed toward the influence of the diet as a controlled and modifiable factor in patients affected by celiac pathologies. The celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten that appears in genetically predisposed patients. Gluten is a proline-rich and glutamine-rich protein present in wheat (gliadin), barley (hordein), and rye (secalin). The gluten-free diet (GFD) seems to better influence the oral health status of the CD patients. For this reason, the main objective of this revision was to analyze the international data highlighting the relationship between celiac patients and the oral health impact profile. A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines by accessing the NCBI PubMed database. Authors conducted the search of articles in the English language published from 2008 to 2018. The first analysis with filters recorded 67 manuscripts accordingly with the selected keywords. Finally, a number of 16 appropriate published papers were comprehended in the review. The studies were different in terms of the structure, findings, outcomes, and diet quality evaluation, and for this reason, it was not possible to accomplish a meta-analysis of the recorded data. This manuscript offers some observational evidence to justify the advantages of gluten-free diets related to a better oral health status in the patients involved.

Optical coherence tomography angiography of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma treated with photodynamic therapy.

We describe features of a circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) by means of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). A 40-year-old man had a complaint of decreasing visual acuity in his left eye for 10 days. A diagnosis of CCH was confirmed by fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography. An OCT-A study of choroidal lesion before and after PDT was carried out. Segmented en face OCT-A of CCH showed multiple irregular connected vascular channels with hyperflow and a capillary-like lesion. Absent and/or reduced intrachannel flow in most of the intratumoral vessels was shown by OCT-A soon after treatment (2 days), with normalization of vascular flow 7 days and 1 month after PDT. OCT-A was able to noninvasively visualize intrinsic vasculature of CCH showing vascular remodeling after PDT.

Partial-thickness corneal tissue restoration after a chemical burn.

PURPOSE: We describe a case of full-thickness corneal restoration after an acute corneal burn with an acid agent. METHODS: A 32-year-old male reported painful discomfort, redness, photophobia, and a decrease in visual acuity in the left eye after a unilateral burn with an acid agent. Slit-lamp examination revealed massive corneal melting involving necrotic sequestrum of the entire corneal surface. Surgical approach was carried out in order to preserve residual ocular tissues. RESULTS: Extensive corneal-conjunctival layer curettage of the necrotic tissue was performed showing perfectly clear undamaged deep lamellar corneal layers. The patient underwent multilayered amniotic membrane transplantation and total capsular-conjunctival flap in order to preserve ocular tissue from further melting or corneal perforation. A complete and spontaneous "restitutio ad integrum" of the corneal layers was shown during the follow-up. The cornea was perfectly clear with restored normal anatomical architecture. CONCLUSION: In this case, a spontaneous full-thickness corneal tissue restoration occurred after an acute chemical burn. Studies about the mechanisms whereby different cells interact and replicate within the stroma may unveil the biology behind corneal regeneration and transparency.

Pattern of nodal involvement in papillary thyroid cancer: a challenge of quantitative analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Backgrounds of this study were to examine and analyse the relationship among the number of lymph nodes with metastases harvested in central and lateral compartments, the characteristics of tumours and patients, and the recurrences rate. METHODS: A retrospective review of 118 patients treated for a papillary thyroid cancer and underwent to neck dissection, including in all cases both central and lateral compartment, was realised. A quantitative analysis, on this homogeneous cohort of patients, was performed to hypothesize the minimum number of cervical lymph nodes to be necessarily excised in order to obtain an adequate management of these patients. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 75.9 months. Five-year overall survival was 96.6%. The correlation among the metastatic lymph node number of the ipsilateral central compartment, isolated or pooled with those of the ipsilateral lateral compartment, age of patient and tumour size revealed a statistical significance (P=0.01); both parameters, tumour size and age, may be considered as dependent predictor variables. CONCLUSION: We suppose, notwithstanding the limited number of patients, that the number of lymph nodes harvested to achieve an optimal cervical dissection may be superior to 8 and 11 in central and lateral compartments, and 6 and 10 in contralateral ones, respectively. Moreover we recommend the bilateral dissection of central nodes compartment in presence of tumour localised in the isthmus.

A neotype designation for the bone-skipper Centrophlebomyia anthropophaga (Diptera, Piophilidae, Thyreophorina), with a review of the Palaearctic species of Centrophlebomyia.

The European bone-skippers (Diptera: Piophilidae: Thyreophorina), long considered extinct, have recently been the object of much interest by dipterists after their unexpected rediscovery. Considerable faunistic work has been done on these flies in recent years. However, some nomenclatural and taxonomic issues still require attention. A neotype is designated for Thyreophora anthropophaga Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (now in the genus Centrophlebomyia Hendel, 1903) to fix the identity of this nominal species. Centrophlebomyia anthropophaga is recognized as a valid species. It is described and illustrated in detail, and information on its preimaginal instars is provided for the first time. Four Palaearctic species of Centrophlebomyia are recognized and reviewed and a key is provided for their identification. Centrophlebomyia orientalis Hendel, 1907 from northern India, is removed from synonymy with Centrophlebomyia anthropophaga and recognized as a valid species of Centrophlebomyia, stat. r. The nominal genus Protothyreophora Ozerov, 1984 is considered a junior synonym of Centrophlebomyia, syn. n.

Large-spot subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy for chronic serous macular detachment.

PURPOSE: To report the effect of subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) in treating serous detachment of the neurosensory retina secondary to chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CCSC). METHODS: Seven eyes from five patients with CCSC, persistent serous detachment of the neurosensory retina and a clinical course of between 12 and 60 months were treated. All eyes received large-spot TTT guided by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Subthreshold TTT was performed using an 810 nm diode laser with a spot size of 3.0 mm (power was set at 350 mW). Treatment was applied for 60 seconds to the areas of choroidal hyperfluorescence on ICGA. RESULTS: The mean number of TTT sessions was 1.4 ± 0.5. All eyes were followed up for at least 6 months (mean 9.6 ± 3.2 standard deviation; range 6-12 months). The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity was significantly better compared with baseline. All TTT-treated eyes had stable or improved vision (P < 0.001). Mean optical coherence tomography (OCT) central foveal thickness was significantly lower in all patients (P < 0.001) compared with pretreatment OCT, with a reduction in subretinal fluid and resolution of serous detachment associated with anatomical fovea restoration. No patient had any treatment-related side effects. CONCLUSION: Modified subthreshold TTT appears to have a beneficial effect in treating patients with CCSC and persistent neurosensory detachment. The encouraging results and lack of visually significant complications suggest that further investigation is warranted.

Autonomic activity and baroreflex sensitivity in patients submitted to carotid stenting.

Arterial baroreflex and cardiac autonomic control play important roles in hemodynamic instability after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) are established tools for the assessment of arterial baroreflex and cardiac autonomic activity. Aim of the study was to evaluate cardiac autonomic activity (by means of HRV, BPV and BRS) after CAS and to explore the impact of internal carotid artery stenosis on BRS changes after CAS. 37 patients (68±10.45 years) with internal carotid stenosis underwent CAS. HRV, BPV and BRS were measured in all subjects before and at 1 and 72h after CAS. ANOVA was performed to compare BRS, HRV and BPV parameters before and after CAS. Spearman analysis was performed to determine a possible correlation between carotid stenosis degree (or carotid plaque diameter) and BRS changes (ΔBRS). LF/HF (index of sympatho-vagal balance) decreased during postoperative period, in comparison with baseline (2.32±1.70 vs 1.65±1.40, p<0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between carotid stenosis degree and ΔBRS (r=-0.35, p=0.03) and between carotid plaques thickness and ΔBRS (r=-0.36, p=0.02). CAS procedure may cause an alteration of carotid wall mechanical properties, increasing baroreflex sensitivity. BRS does not increase in all the patients, because arterial wall damage and nerve destruction determined by atherosclerotic plaque may reduce ΔBRS.

Spontaneous resolution of retinal angiomatous proliferation.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of spontaneous resolution of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) in a patient with age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: A 67-year-old woman complained about progressive visual loss in the right eye. Visual acuity was 20/50 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Detailed ophthalmoscopic examination, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography of the right eye were performed. RESULTS: Fundus examination of the right eye revealed a small extrafoveal hemorrhage with a few hard exudates around a serous retinal elevation. Fluorescein angiography showed late-phase staining with an area of hyperfluorescence interpreted as occult neovascularization. The middle-phase indocyanine green angiograms showed a focal "hot spot" with late intraretinal leakage. Optical coherence tomography performed through the hot spot shown by indocyanine green angiography demonstrated a localized area of increased intraretinal reflectivity and subfoveal optically empty areas corresponding to serous retinal detachment. The patient was diagnosed with stage II RAP. Treatment was recommended, but the patient was lost to follow-up. Five months later, the patient returned to our department with visual acuity of 20/30 in the involved eye. Spontaneous resolution of the angiographic leakage shown by both fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography and restoration of the normal retinal layers by optical coherence tomography were observed. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first known case in which angiographic and optical coherence tomography findings depicted the spontaneous regression of RAP.