ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción : La pandemia por COVID-19 ha conmocionado a la humanidad. Durante la misma, la necesidad de aislamiento social ha fomentado la baja adherencia a un estilo de vida saludable en muchos individuos. Sin embargo, existe poca evidencia del impacto metabólico que ha tenido la pandemia por COVID-19 en nuestro medio. Objetivos : Evaluar el impacto del aislamiento social producido por la pandemia COVID-19 sobre el peso corporal y los pará metros cardiometabólicos de una población de adultos en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Materiales y métodos : En un diseño observacional, se analizaron los datos de pacientes (pac.) que asistieron a un programa de prevención y promoción de salud en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se individualizaron datos de participantes que concurrieron a realizarse estudios en el año 2019 y repitieron los mismos en el año 2021. Los registros médicos se utilizaron como fuente para la recopilación de datos generales, medidas antropométricas y valores de laboratorios. Se utilizaron los criterios NCEP para definir la presencia de Síndrome Metabólico (SM). Resultados : Se identificaron un total de 558 pac. con evaluaciones disponibles en 2019 y 2021. La edad promedio de la población fue 52,2 ± 12,8 años, con 41% de mujeres. Se observó un incremento en el peso corporal (82,1 ± 17,7 kg vs. 83,1 ± 18,5kg; p <0,0001) y del índice de masa corporal (29,4 ± 5,4 vs. 29,8 ± 5,7, p <0,0001). También se observaron incrementos en la presión arterial sistólica (123,1 ± 15,1 mmHg vs. 126,6 ± 16,3 mmHg; p <0,0001) y diastólica (77,7 ± 9,3 mmHg vs. 79,6 ± 9,4 mmHg; p <0,0001). Dentro de los parámetros de laboratorio, se evidenció un incremento en los valores de glucemia plasmática, con mediana y rango intercuartilo (RIC) de 95 (89-103 mg/dL) vs. 99 (92-107 mg/dL), p <0,0001; y descenso del colesterol HDL (51,8 ± 12,7 mg/dL vs. 49,3 ± 12,8 mg/dL; p <0,00001). No se observaron cambios en el colesterol LDL (116,4 ± 32,6 mg/dL vs. 116,1 ± 34 mg/dL; p = NS), colesterol total (194,9 ± 37,4 vs. 193 ± 39,6 mg/dL; p=NS) o la concentración de triglicéridos, con mediana (RIC) de 114,5 (83,2-162,7 mg/dL) vs 118 (88-169 mg/dL), p=NS. Esto se acompañó de un au mento de la prevalencia de SM (21,5% vs 34%; p<0,0001). También se incrementó la proporción de pac. con placas a nivel carotídeo (35,8% vs. 40,5%; p <0,01). El 18,8% de los pac. incrementaron su peso corporal más del 5%. Esta población estuvo representada por pac. más jóvenes (47,6 ± 14 años vs. 53,3 ± 12 años; p< 0,0001), y se observó correlación inversa entre edad y magnitud del incremento del peso (r =-0,1; p<0,02). Conclusiones : El aislamiento social, durante la pandemia COVID-19, mostró tener importantes consecuencias en los factores de riesgo de la población estudiada. Las implicancias prospectivas de estos hallazgos podrían verse en los próximos años, si estas alteraciones metabólicas no se revierten.
ABSTRACT Background : The COVID-19 pandemic has shocked humanity. During the pandemic, the need for social isolation has encouraged low adherence to a healthy lifestyle in many individuals. However, evidence of the metabolic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on our field is scarce. Objective : To evaluate the impact of social isolation produced by the COVID-19 pandemic on the body weight and the cardio metabolic parameters of an adult population in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Methods : Based on an observational design, we analyzed the data from patients who attended a prevention and health pro motion program in the City of Buenos Aires. Data from participants who attended for testing in 2019 and repeated testing in 2021 were individualized. Medical records were used as source for collecting general data, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory values. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria were used to define the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS). Results : A total of 558 patients with available evaluations in 2019 and 2021 were identified. The average age of the population was 52.2 ± 12.8 years, and 41% was female. An increase in body weight (82.1 ± 17.7 kg vs. 83.1 ± 18.5 kg; p<0.0001) and body mass index (29.4 ± 5.4 vs. 29.8 ± 5.7, p <0.0001) was observed. Increases in systolic (123.1 ± 15.1 mmHg vs. 126.6 ± 16.3 mmHg; p <0.0001) and diastolic (77.7 ± 9.3 mmHg vs. 79.6 mmHg± 9.4 mmHg, p <0.0001) blood pressure values were also observed. As regards the laboratory parameters, we noted an increase in plasma glucose levels with a median and an interquartile range (IQR) of 95 (89-103 mg/dL) vs. 99 (92-107 mg/dL), p <0.0001, and a decrease in HDL cholesterol (51, 8 ± 12.7 mg/dL vs. 49.3 ± 12.8 mg/dL, p<0.0001). No changes were observed in LDL cholesterol (116.4 ± 32.6 mg/dL vs. 116.1 ± 34 mg/dL; p=NS), total cholesterol (194.9 ± 37.4 vs. 193 ± 39.6 mg/dL; p=NS) or triglyceride levels, with a median and IQR of 114.5 (83.2-162.7 mg/dL) vs. 118 (88-169 mg/dL; p=NS). This was accompanied by an increased prevalence of MS (21.5% vs. 34%; p<0.0001). The proportion of patients with carotid plaques also increased, without reaching statistical significance (36.4% vs. 40.7%; p=NS). Besides, it was observed that 18.8% of the patients increased their body weight by more than 5%. This population was represented by younger patients (47.6 ± 14 years vs. 53.3 ± 12 years; p< 0.0001) showing a reverse correlation between age and scope of weight increase (r=-0.1; p<0.02). Conclusion : Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic was shown to have important consequences on the risk factors of the population studied. The prospective implications of these findings might become apparent in the next few years if these metabolic alterations are not reversed.
ABSTRACT
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is frequently associated with an increased body mass index (BMI), and related to an adverse cardiovascular prognosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and association between MS, obesity and subclinical atherosclerosis (SA). This cross-sectional study included healthy adults, allocated to normal weight (NW) when BMI <25 kg/m2, overweight (OW) BMI ≥25 and <30 kg/m2, or obese (OB) BMI ≥30 kg/m2 groups. Presence of MS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria. SA was evidenced with vascular ultrasound. Association between SA, obesity and MS, was evaluated by logistic regression models. There were 3,716 patients studied (female 66.7%, mean age 47 ± 17.5 years). According to BMI, NW represented 28.2%, OW 39.4% and OB 32.4%. MS showed a strong correspondence with BMI (NW 4.9%, OW 21.4%, OB 49.7%; p<0.001). SA was more prevalent in each group when MS was present: NW (25.4% vs. 45.1%, p<0.005), OW (43.2% vs. 58.9%, p<0.0001) and OB (44.2% vs. 57.8%, p<0.0001). Logistic-regression models showed an independent association of SA with MS criteria (arterial hypertension p<0.001; high-density lipoprotein [HDL] p<0.05; and triglycerides p<0.005) adjusted by gender, age and BMI. In conclusion, overweight and obesity are frequent and strongly linked with MS and SA. Prevalence of SA is high, and is independently associated with MS components. However, BMI could not retain statistical significance in the multivariate analyses.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Supraventricular arrhythmias (SVAs), commonly managed with radiofrequency ablation (RFA), may occur after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 514 consecutive patients (pts.) undergoing OHT between January 1990 and July 2016 in a single-center. Patients with SVAs managed with RFA were included. Mechanisms of genesis of SVAs, association with surgical techniques and outcomes, were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 514 pts undergoing OHT, 53% (272 pts.) were managed with bicaval (BC) technique and 47% (242 pts.) with biatrial (BA) technique. Mean follow-up 10 ± 8.4 years. Nine pts. (1.7%) developed SVA requiring RFA. The BC technique was performed in 4 pts., 3 pts. presented cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter (CTI AFL), and 1 pt. double loop AFL. Five pts. were managed with BA technique, 4 pts. presented CTI AFL, and 1 pt. atrial tachycardia (AT). Mean time between OHT and SVA occurrence was 6.6 ± 5.5 years. The procedure was successful in 89% (8 pts.). Arrhythmia recurrence was seen in 3 pts (37%), all with BA technique. CONCLUSION: Supraventricular arrhythmias in heart transplantation may be associated with the surgical scar. Identifying the mechanism is vital to choose the appropriate treatment with radiofrequency ablation.
