Features of osseous regeneration and informative value of subchondral remodeling markers in early signs of primary gonarthrosis.

Subchondral remodeling is an important pathogenic mechanism in primary gonarthrosis progress. The role of altered metabolism of osseous tissue in early signs of articular pathology remains vague, and the informative value of biochemical markers is discussible. Our research involved 103 patients (64 women and 39 men) with 0-I gonarthrosis stages and 103 healthy individuals (72 women and 28 men) of 36 to 50 years old. We measured osteocalcin, pyridinoline, type I collagen telopeptides, vitamin B metabolites, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein concentrations, determined the activity of bone alkaline phosphatase, and diagnostic significance of the markers with the ROC curve. We found the increase (p<0.0001) in bone alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen telopeptides, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein concentrations as well as osteocalcin (p<0.0002) in 0-I gonarthrosis stages as compared to the controls. The ROC curve featured 98.1 and 79.6 percent sensitivity and specificity of type I collagen telopeptides; 80.6 and 52.4 percent of osteocalcin; 99.0 and 78.6 percent of pyridinoline, respectively. These findings suggest the significant role of subchondral remodeling in the pathogenesis of early gonarthrosis stages. Pyridinoline and type I collagen telopeptides are the most informative osseous markers detectable in the serum of patients with early gonarthrosis.

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Plankton and Biofilm Forms Isolated in Implant-Associated Infection.

Comparison of activity of antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus strains in their plankton form and in biofilms of varying maturity showed that the concentrations of antibiotics causing death of 90% S. aureus strains (MIC90) in their plankton form was 0.07-2.80 µg/ml and significantly (p<0.05) differed from MIC90 concentrations (3-245 µg/ml) for the strains in 24 and 48 h biofilms. MIC90 value was affected by the degree of biofilm maturity: microbial resistance in 48-h biofilms for all analyzed antibiotics was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in 24-h biofilms.

Bone Tissue Metabolism in Dynamics of Experimental Knee Osteoarthrosis Induced by Dexamethasone and Talcum.

We studied remodeling of the bone tissue in the dynamics of experimental dexamethasoneand talcum-induced knee osteoarthrosis. Disturbed osteoclastogenesis accompanied by a decrease in the production of fibroblast growth factor-23 and elevation of serum osteoprotegerin and osteocalcin were observed at the early stages of the disease. During progression of degenerative and dystrophic processes in the joint tissues, an increase in sclerostin concentrations, a decrease in osteocalcin content, and changes in the force and direction of correlations between osteoblast processes and osteoclastogenesis as well as hierarchic distribution of the dominating mechanism of subchondral remodeling were revealed.

[Biochemical predictors of cartilaginous tissue metabolic disorders for early osteoarthrosis evidence diagnostics.]

The complete laboratory and clinical instrumental examination was conducted, it included serum COMP test, circadian excretion of type II collagen C-terminal telopeptides Urine CartiLaps (СТХ II) and Т2 relaxometry in 29 patients of both sexes of the main group with early (0-I) X-ray osteoarthrosis stages, 30 subjects of comparison group with no X-ray osteoarthrosis evidences aged 44.7±5.9 years and 25 healthy subjects aged 26.3±2.6 years of the control group. The increase (р<0,05) of COMP and Urine CartiLaps levels as well as the increase of Т2 relaxation signal was found at early osteoarthrosis evidences. It was proven that there was (р<0.01) a connection (R=0.8) between COMP and Urine CTX II levels as well as (р<0.05) results of Т2 relaxometry (R=0.8). It was proven that collagen anisotropy and formation of chondromalacia areas as Т2 relaxometry showed in patients with early OA evidences were connected with accumulation of serum COMP and increase of type II collagen circadian renal excretion. The combination of laboratory and radiological methods of articular hyaline cartilage assessment may be used for finding early osteoarthrosis stages.

Particularities of Bone Regeneration in Rats after Implantation of Polycaprolactone Scaffold Mineralized with Vaterite with Adsorbed Tannic Acid.

We studied the particularities of osteo- and angiogenesis in albino rats after implantation of polycaprolactone scaffolds mineralized with vaterite with adsorbed tannic acid in the femoral bone defect. It was found that the processes of angio- and osteogenesis in the bone tissue after scaffolds implantation depend on their biocompatibility. Implantation of non-biocompatible scaffolds was followed by activation of angio- and osteogenesis aimed at separation of these scaffold from surrounding tissues. Implantation of polycaprolactone/vaterite scaffolds containing tannic acid stimulated angio- and osteogenesis leading to vascularization and bone tissue formation in the matrix. This demonstrate prospects of clinical approbation of these scaffolds for stimulation of bone regeneration in traumatological and orthopedic patients.

Application of Preparations Containing Copper Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Experimental Septic Wounds.

Regenerative activity of locally applied drugs based on copper nanoparticles was compared on white male rats with an experimental purulent wound infected with clinical polyantibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The use of a suspension of copper nanoparticles and complex drugs based on chitosan and starch with copper nanoparticles led to a rapid reduction of the wound area and elimination of the wound-contaminating agent, which confirmed high antibacterial and regenerative activity of copper nanoparticles in the composition of the studied drugs.

Soft Tissue Regeneration under the Effect of Wound Coating Based on Chitosan (Natural Biopolymer).

We developed wound coating based on natural biopolymer chitosan with additional components (ceruloplasmin, L-asparaginic acid, and glycerol). Experiments on albino male rats demonstrated its regeneratory, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects on wounds involving all layers of the skin. Due to chemical composition and buffer component, the biodegraded wound coating optimizes all phases of the wound process, accelerates by 22-28% the reparative regeneration, and leads to anatomic and functional restoration of injured sites. High absorption capacity recommends its use in the treatment of wounds with profuse exudation.

[ADAPTIVE REMODELLING OF BONE TISSUE IN TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT].

Instrumental and laboratory monitoring of bone tissue adaptive remodeling processes after total hip replacement conducted for primary osteoarthrosis patients (32 males and 48 females) (coxarthrosis stage III, functional insufficiency stages II and III) with long-lasting joint damage, significant pain syndrome and osteodeficit, indicated osteodeficit intensification compared to the baseline in the implant surrounding areas. These patients showed an increasing cytokine imbalance in the blood serum postsurgically with the primary activation of proinflammatory (osteoresorbing) element and secondary activation of anti-inflammatory element. Structural and functional characteristics of bone tissue in the area adjacent to the implant and cytokine balance indexes in the blood serum did not return to the baseline even 12-15 months postsurgically.

[SOFT TISSUE REPAIR UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL SEPTIC WOUND.]

The effectiveness of a new complex preparation based on starch containing active copper (0.05 - 0.07 mass %) and silver 0.03 - 0.05 mass %) nanoparticles was studied in animals with experimental fill-flap septic wounds. Localized application of complex preparation (0.3 g per animal) by uniform layer on 5th, 7th, and 9th day upon wound induction led to significant reduction in wound surface (according to planimetric analysis) at all control periods, in contrast to reference group. There was statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease in malondialdehyde (by 23%) and increase of serum enzymatic antioxidant ceruloplazmin activity (by 20.5%) in rat blood serum compared to the corresponding indexes in animals before therapy. These results are indicative of the suppression of peroxidation processes and stimulation of antioxidant system. The complex preparation exhibited positive influence on soft tissue repair processes, lipid peroxidation processes, and activity of the antioxidant system.

[Certain aspects of diagnostic of osteopenia syndrome in traumatology and orthopedics.]

The osteopenia syndrome characterizing by progressing decrease of bone tissue mass and lowering of its strength due to damage of its micro-architectonics counts in the most significant medical social diseases. The timely detection of disorders of bone tissue remodeling is a complicated diagnostic task as far as laboratory diagnostic of osteo-deficiency conditions is based on finding indirect indices of bone tissue metabolism. The instrumental methods of evaluation of condition of bone structures provide no possibility to detect their early damages and to manage dynamic observation of implemented anti-resorption therapy. The study was carried out to develop complex approaches to laboratory instrumental diagnostic of osteo-deficiency conditions. The comprehensive laboratory instrumental examination of patients with deforming osteoarthritis of hip joint including evaluation of bone tissue mineral density, indices of calcium phosphorus metabolism, markers of bone resorption and bone formation, activity of inflammation process. The study established activation of bone resorption and inhibition of bone formation in patients with high activity of inflation process.

Metal nanoparticles reduce bacterial contamination of experimental purulent wounds.

Bacterial contamination of experimental purulent wound in rats treated by local applications of suspension of copper and zinc nanoparticles and a combined drug based on chitosan and copper and zinc nanoparticles was evaluated. Applications of copper nanoparticle suspension and combined drug with copper and zinc nanoparticles and chitosan led to rapid elimination of the bacterial contaminant. Antibacterial activity of zinc nanoparticles was less pronounced, but the effect also differed significantly from the reference group.

[Structural and functional characteristics of bone tissue and blood cytokines in health and disease of the joints].

Change of structural and functional state of bone in patients with primary osteoarthrosis of the hip joint compared to healthy individuals is characterized by decreased bone formation with a relative predominance of resorption. Osteopenic syndrome develops in the background of evident imbalance of a blood cytokine profile with increasing the level of proinflammatory and the variability of the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

[The operational characteristics of modes of differential diagnostic of benign and malignant neoplasms of skeletal system].

The article presents the operational characteristics of serological methods (neopterin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, molecules of adhesion of vascular endothelium, molecules of inter-cellular molecules of adhesion) of differential diagnostic of benign and malignant neoplasms of skeletal system. The differentiation of neoplasms occurs in a most successful way under analysis of complex of serological indicators.

[The biological kinetics of biofilms of clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa separated from patients with bronchopulmonary complications under traumatic disease of spinal cord].

The capacity and intensity of formation of microbial biofilms was analyzed in 24 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in static conditions of cultivation during 24, 48, 72 and 96 yours. The microorganisms were separated from patients with bronchopulmonary infectious complications in acute and early periods of traumatic disease of spinal cord.

[Reparative regeneration of rat soft tissues is affected by a wound-healing composite].

We researched influence of original wound-healing composite, including chitosan and nanoparticles of copper and zinc, on specific of reparative regeneration of an experimental soft tissue full layer rat's wounds, which were conditionally aseptic and infected. The composite stimulation of reparative regeneration is related both to its antibacterial effect, and to the influence on the state of structural biopolymers of the connecting tissue.

Inflammatory degeneration of joint tissue in adjuvant arthritis after intraarticular treatment with the mixture of silver drug and nicotinic acid.

Combination intraarticular administration of Poviargol (0.5 mg/kg) and nicotinic acid (1.0 mg/kg) reduced symptoms of local and general inflammation in rats with adjuvant arthritis. We revealed a decrease in morphological signs of inflammatory degeneration of joint tissue and reduction of metabolic disorders.

[Epidemiology of chronic, precancerous and oncologic diseases in workers of asbestos and cement industry]. / Epidemiologiia khronicheskikh, fonovykh, predopukholevykh i onkologicheskikh zabolevanii v proizvodstve asbestotsementnykh izdelii.

Hygienic, clinical and epidemiologic screening was performed in staff of asbestos and cement goods production enterprise. Various dystrophic processes of pharynx and nasal cavity appeared to prevail among upper respiratory tract diseases. Average exposure to dust during 22 years at the stated production can lead to asbestosis 0-I stage, average exposure during 20.5 years can result in dust bronchitis and occupational allergic dermatosis can result from average exposure to dust during 21 years. Retrospective cohort study of mortality within 1949-1988 failed to find oncologic risk in workers engaged into asbestos and cement goods production higher than in general population.

[Clinical and epidemiologic evaluation of carcinogenic pollution in the wood-processing industry]. / Kliniko-épidemiologicheskaia otsenka kantserogennoi opasnosti derevo obrabatyvaiushchego proizvodstva.

Hygienic, clinical, epidemiologic studies in primary woodworking and chipboard production workers showed that exposure to occupational hazards (wooden dust, formaldehyde and other chemicals of wooden origin) results in frequent allergy and irritation of upper respiratory tract and skin. High oncologic risk among woodworking production employees assigns the industry to a group with oncologic jeopardy. MAC for wooden dust should be corrected taking into account the chemicals (phenol, formaldehyde, furans et al.) content.

[The results and outlook of a clinico-epidemiological study of the problem of the carcinogenic hazard in industry]. / Itogi i perspektivy kliniko-épidemiologicheskogo izucheniia problemy kantserogennoi opasnosti na proizvodstve.

Much attention is paid to clinical and epidemiological aspects of carcinogenic hazards in the production of asbestos textile, asbestos cement, friction, graphite and furniture goods. "Dose-response" relationship in exposure to occupational carcinogens was studied, criteria of occupational malignant neoplasma appurtenance were worked out, role of carcinogenic factors in malignant tumors of rare localisations was shown, signs of carcinogenic aerosols effects described and prophylactic measures suggested.