ABSTRACT
Fetal movements, fetal heart rate patterns, and serum estriol levels were prospectively monitored in 91 high-risk and normal pregnant women. In four women, there was cessation of fetal movements. In three of these cases, there were pathologic changes in fetal heart rate patterns, with one neonatal death. Of the 87 women who did not demonstrate cessation of fetal movements, one had changes in fetal heart rate patterns. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (Z test: p less than 0.001). No correlation was found between fetal movements and serum estriol levels in this study. Daily recording of fetal movements can be used as an effective screening test, with high sensitivity and specificity for the fetus in utero. Cessation of fetal movement places the fetus in a high-risk category and should alert the physician to the need for non-stress tests.
Subject(s)
Estriol/blood , Fetal Heart/physiopathology , Fetal Monitoring/methods , Fetus/physiology , Heart Rate , Female , Humans , Movement , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , RiskABSTRACT
In the early stages of a fire, the two mechanisms by which heat transfer occurs are conduction and convection ahead of the flame through gas and fuel phases. The convective flows induced are characterized by low-fluid velocities with changes in magnitude and direction occurring over small distances accompanied by sharp temperature changes. These characteristics make quantitative measurements of fluid velocities difficult using conventional techniques. With the advent of LDV techniques, a nonperturbing means of making high resolution measurements of 2-D flows now exists. In this paper the details of the LDV facility and the results of some recent experiments on the flame spread problem are presented.
