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1.
J Heart Lung Transplant ; 42(12): 1647-1650, 2023 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37567399

ABSTRACT

The rates of pulmonary embolism (PE) are high among lung transplant (LT) recipients. Management is challenging because of elevated bleeding risks and inadequacy of conventional PE risk stratification tools. New percutaneous large bore mechanical thrombectomy catheters are being increasingly used effectively to debulk thrombus and restore flow immediately. We describe the use of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in 8 LT recipients. All patients were diagnosed with intermediate/high-risk proximal PE involving the allograft and underwent successful MT within 30 hours of diagnosis. Estimated blood loss was between 200 and 450 cc, with 3 patients requiring blood transfusions. Improvement in heart rate and oxygenation was seen in all 8 patients after the procedure. In the 30 days after MT, 7 of 8 patients survived. One patient died from major bleeding occurred 16 days after MT and 5 days after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator decannulation. Mechanical thrombectomy may provide a feasible management strategy in select LT recipients with pulmonary embolism.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Embolism , Thrombectomy , Humans , Thrombectomy/adverse effects , Thrombectomy/methods , Transplant Recipients , Treatment Outcome , Pulmonary Embolism/surgery , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Acute Disease , Lung , Thrombolytic Therapy
2.
Lab Chip ; 16(20): 3885-3897, 2016 10 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27714038

ABSTRACT

This communication describes the use of uncoated cellophane (regenerated cellulose films) for the fabrication of microplates, and the use of coated cellophane for the fabrication of open-channel microfluidic devices. The microplates based on uncoated cellophane are particularly interesting for applications that require high transparency in the ultraviolet (UV) regime, and offer a low-cost alternative to expensive quartz-well plates. Uncoated cellophane is also resistant to damage by various solvents. The microfluidic devices, based on coated cellophane, can have features with dimensions as small as 500 µm, and complex, non-planar geometries. Electrodes can be printed on the surface of the coated cellophane, and embedded in microfluidic devices, to develop resistive heaters and electroanalytical devices for flow injection analysis, and continuous flow electrochemiluminescence (ECL) applications. These open-channel devices are appropriate for applications where optical transparency (especially in the visible regime), resistance to damage by water, biocompatibility and biodegradability are important. Cellophane microfluidic systems complement existing cellulose-based paper microfluidic systems, and provide an alternative to other materials used in microfluidics, such as synthetic polymers or glass. Cellulose films are plausible materials for uses in integrated microfluidic systems for diagnostics, analyses, cell-culture, and MEMS.

3.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 55(19): 5727-32, 2016 05 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27059088

ABSTRACT

Current methods of monitoring breathing require cumbersome, inconvenient, and often expensive devices; this requirement sets practical limitations on the frequency and duration of measurements. This article describes a paper-based moisture sensor that uses the hygroscopic character of paper (i.e. the ability of paper to adsorb water reversibly from the surrounding environment) to measure patterns and rate of respiration by converting the changes in humidity caused by cycles of inhalation and exhalation to electrical signals. The changing level of humidity that occurs in a cycle causes a corresponding change in the ionic conductivity of the sensor, which can be measured electrically. By combining the paper sensor with conventional electronics, data concerning respiration can be transmitted to a nearby smartphone or tablet computer for post-processing, and subsequently to a cloud server. This means of sensing provides a new, practical method of recording and analyzing patterns of breathing.


Subject(s)
Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Paper , Respiration , Electricity , Exercise , Humans , Humidity , Monitoring, Physiologic/economics , Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Smartphone , Wireless Technology
4.
Anal Chem ; 88(1): 725-31, 2016 Jan 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26607489

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses a growing need in clinical diagnostics for parallel, multiplex analysis of biomarkers from small biological samples. It describes a new procedure for assembling arrays of ssDNA and proteins on paper. This method starts with the synthesis of DNA oligonucleotides covalently linked to paper and proceeds to assemble microzones of DNA-conjugated paper into arrays capable of simultaneously capturing DNA, DNA-conjugated protein antigens, and DNA-conjugated antibodies. The synthesis of ssDNA oligonucleotides on paper is convenient and effective with 32% of the oligonucleotides cleaved and eluted from the paper substrate being full-length by HPLC for a 32-mer. These ssDNA arrays can be used to detect fluorophore-linked DNA oligonucleotides in solution, and as the basis for DNA-directed assembly of arrays of DNA-conjugated capture antibodies on paper, detect protein antigens by sandwich ELISAs. Paper-anchored ssDNA arrays with different sequences can be used to assemble paper-based devices capable of detecting DNA and antibodies in the same device and enable simple microfluidic paper-based devices.


Subject(s)
DNA/chemical synthesis , Microfluidic Analytical Techniques , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Paper , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , DNA/chemistry , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
5.
Lab Chip ; 16(1): 112-9, 2016 Jan 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26549661

ABSTRACT

This work describes the adaptive use of conventional stainless steel pins-used in unmodified form or coated with carbon paste-as working, counter, and quasi-reference electrodes in electrochemical devices fabricated using cotton thread or embossed omniphobic R(F) paper to contain the electrolyte and sample. For some applications, these pin electrodes may be easier to modify and use than printed electrodes, and their position and orientation can be changed as needed. Electroanalytical devices capable of multiplex analysis (thread-based arrays or 96-well plates) were easily fabricated using pins as electrodes in either thread or omniphobic R(F) paper.


Subject(s)
Electrochemical Techniques/instrumentation , Paper , Stainless Steel/chemistry , Carbon/chemistry , Electrodes , Particle Size , Surface Properties
6.
Anal Chem ; 86(24): 11999-2007, 2014 Dec 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25470031

ABSTRACT

This work describes a device for electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) designed for low-resource settings and diagnostics at the point of care. The device is fabricated entirely in hydrophobic paper, produced by silanization of paper with decyl trichlorosilane, and comprises two zones separated by a central crease: an embossed microwell, on the surface of which the antigen or antibody immobilization and recognition events occur, and a detection zone where the electrodes are printed. The two zones are brought in contact by folding the device along this central crease; the analytical signal is recorded from the folded configuration. Two proof-of-concept applications, an electrochemical direct ELISA for the detection of rabbit IgG as a model antigen in buffer and an electrochemical sandwich ELISA for the detection of malarial histidine-rich protein from Plasmodium falciparum (Pf HRP2) in spiked human serum, show the versatility of this device. The limit of detection of the electrochemical sandwich ELISA for the quantification of Pf HRP2 in spiked human serum was 4 ng mL(-1) (10(2) pmol L(-1)), a value within the range of clinically relevant concentrations.


Subject(s)
Electrochemistry/instrumentation , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/instrumentation , Immobilized Proteins/chemistry , Paper , Animals , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Colorimetry , Humans , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Limit of Detection , Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis , Plasmodium falciparum , Proteins/chemistry , Rabbits
7.
Adv Mater ; 26(27): 4677-82, 2014 Jul 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24889538

ABSTRACT

The use of omniphobic "fluoroalkylated paper" as a substrate for inkjet printing of aqueous inks that are the precursors of electrically conductive patterns is described. By controlling the surface chemistry of the paper, it is possible to print high resolution, conductive patterns that remain conductive after folding and exposure to common solvents.


Subject(s)
Ink , Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems/instrumentation , Paper , Printing , Electrodes
8.
Lab Chip ; 13(15): 2922-30, 2013 Aug 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23719764

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the fabrication of pressure-driven, open-channel microfluidic systems with lateral dimensions of 45-300 microns carved in omniphobic paper using a craft-cutting tool. Vapor phase silanization with a fluorinated alkyltrichlorosilane renders paper omniphobic, but preserves its high gas permeability and mechanical properties. When sealed with tape, the carved channels form conduits capable of guiding liquid transport in the low-Reynolds number regime (i.e. laminar flow). These devices are compatible with complex fluids such as droplets of water in oil. The combination of omniphobic paper and a craft cutter enables the development of new types of valves and switches, such as "fold valves" and "porous switches," which provide new methods to control fluid flow.


Subject(s)
Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation , Equipment Design , Gases/chemistry , Halogenation , Paper , Permeability , Pressure , Silanes/chemistry
9.
PLoS One ; 3(5): e2258, 2008 May 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18493609

ABSTRACT

For many types of cells, behavior in two-dimensional (2D) culture differs from that in three-dimensional (3D) culture. Among biologists, 2D culture on treated plastic surfaces is currently the most popular method for cell culture. In 3D, no analogous standard method--one that is similarly convenient, flexible, and reproducible--exists. This paper describes a soft-lithographic method to encapsulate cells in 3D gel objects (modules) in a variety of simple shapes (cylinders, crosses, rectangular prisms) with lateral dimensions between 40 and 1000 microm, cell densities of 10(5)-10(8) cells/cm(3), and total volumes between 1x10(-7) and 8x10(-4) cm(3). By varying (i) the initial density of cells at seeding, and (ii) the dimensions of the modules, the number of cells per module ranged from 1 to 2500 cells. Modules were formed from a range of standard biopolymers, including collagen, Matrigel, and agarose, without the complex equipment often used in encapsulation. The small dimensions of the modules allowed rapid transport of nutrients by diffusion to cells at any location in the module, and therefore allowed generation of modules with cell densities near to those of dense tissues (10(8)-10(9) cells/cm(3)). This modular method is based on soft lithography and requires little special equipment; the method is therefore accessible, flexible, and well suited to (i) understanding the behavior of cells in 3D environments at high densities of cells, as in dense tissues, and (ii) developing applications in tissue engineering.


Subject(s)
Gels , Animals , Cell Line , Cells, Cultured , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Mice , NIH 3T3 Cells , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tissue Engineering
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