[Results of testing the basic questionnaire "SINDI" in the evaluation of prophylaxis program development]. / Rezul'taty aprobatsii bazovogo oprosnika "SINDI" po otsenke razvitia profilakticheskoi programmy.

The results are considered of testing questionnaires designed to evaluate the progress in the implementation of the complex prevention programme "CINDI". The questionnaire survey was carried out in two ways--by post and by telephone. The sample size amounted to 248 people each. The response in the questionnaire survey by post accounted for a little more than 50 percent, by telephone--about 56 percent. The survey methods were acceptable for population: there were almost no omissions, no refusals to give answers by telephone (low response rate is attributable to the absence of the interviewed). The questionnaire survey indicates that the amount of information acquired on health is not great. The main source of information is TV and other mass communication media. The most effective means of influencing the behaviour are individual recommendations of physicians but they are given very rarely (in 10-20 percent of cases). Persons aware of their risk factors are the ones who most actively perceive the information on the problem of health. The major part of the interviewed (20-50%) attempted to change their habits. The most popular attempts were made to change physical activity, the most successful--to change diet. Interviews by post and by telephone give similar results and might be recommended for assessing the development of prevention programmes.

[Relation between the indicators of temporary disability and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in male industrial workers (epidemiological study)]. / Sviaz' pokazatelei vremennoi netrudosposobnosti s faktorami riska ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa u muzhchin, rabotaiushchikh na promyshlennom predpriiatii (épidemiologicheskoe issledovanmie).

In 1986, a random sample of 400 males was examined at one of the Moscow enterprises. A registry developed at the enterprise was used to study risk factors for coronary heart disease such as arterial hypertension, smoking, obesity, and morbidity accompanied by temporary disability in 1986. The analysis showed that the major CHD risk factors: smoking, arterial hypertension, and obesity were significantly related to temporary disability parameters. The more "limited" criteria for hypertension, the closer relationship was to temporary disability in terms of both cardiovascular and other diseases. With these diseases, disability parameters in cases and days per 100 workers were significantly higher in smokers and ex-smokers than in non-smokers. The most relative risk for temporary disability was found in the ex-smokers as compared to smokers and non-smokers. The subjects with obesity were demonstrated to be at higher risk for temporary disability due to cardiovascular disease than those without it. No relation was found between temporary disability parameters and obesity for total morbidity.

[Experience in training subinterns in theory and practice of prevention]. / Opyt obucheniia subordinatorov teorii i praktike profilaktiki.

2380 workers have been screened and provided with findings of their health status and recommendations with regard to identified risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) and for CNCD themselves. The study of the influence of the training cycle on the attitude of students-subinterns toward preventive part of physician activity indicated the increase in the level of knowledge on prevention issues of CNCD and recognition of the necessity to include preventive measures into the activity of district physician. The experience gained in joint activities of the All-Union Research Centre for Industrial Medicine, The USSR Ministry of Health, and the Chair of out-patient medicine of the Kalinin Medical Institute suggests the need for improving the existing system of students training.

[Practical evaluation of risk of acute myocardial infarct or sudden death]. / Prakticheskaia otsenka riska vozniknoveniia ostrogo infarkta miokarda ili vnezapnoi smerti.

A model (a formula) is given to estimate a risk for acute myocardial infarction or sudden death in the next 5 years. This model has been derived by using a logistic function method on the material obtained from a 8.5-year follow-up of males aged 40-59 years who represented a random sample from one of the Moscow districts. Age, duration of smoking, systolic blood pressure, exercise-induced angina, myocardial infarction in his or his familial history were used as a parameter for risk. This formula is proposed to be applied to the risk classification in patients examined and followed by the practitioners and middle-level medical personnel, to the planning and coordination of preventive measures.

[Characteristics of cerebral hemodynamics and the resistance to major cardiovascular diseases based on the data of an epidemiologic survey]. / Osobennosti mozgovoi gemodinamiki i ustoichivost k osnovnym serdechno-sosudistym zabolevaniiam po dannym épidemiologiches- kogo issledovaniia.

In the cross-sectional population study of 411 subjects aged 35-64 years and longitudinal 5.5-year follow-up of 157 aged 20-54 years, a relationship was examined between pulse blood flow to the cerebral vessels, their tone as assessed by rheoencephalography and resistance to arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, and brain vascular lesions. The proportion of healthy persons (without the above-mentioned diseases) was shown to be larger if the pulse blood flow to the cerebral vessels was higher and their tone was lower. In the longitudinal study, the probability to remain healthy was demonstrated to be increased with elevated pulse flow to the cerebral vessels.

[The identification of persons with excess body weight by means of a mail survey]. / Vyiavlenie lits s izbytochnoi massoi tela metodom pochtovogo oprosa.

The data of postal questionnaire were compared to those obtained as a result of examination (anthropometry) of a random sample (n-806) of persons working at one of the Moscow industrial enterprises. It has been shown that the postal questionnaire makes it possible to assess the body weight with an accuracy of up to +/- 3 kg in 67 percent of men and in 69 percent of women. Meanwhile the height could be assessed with an accuracy of up to +/- 3 cm in 93 percent of men and in 80 percent of women. The relationship was established between the error made in the subjective assessment of the body weight and the genuine magnitude of the body weight. The possibilities of correcting the data obtained have been also demonstrated. The postal questionnaire permits the identification of excess body weight (Quetelet's index over 28) in 68 percent of men and in 78 percent of women and can be used for studying the prevalence of excess body weight among the population without employment of additional manpower for examinations.

[Practical implications of the results of recent Soviet research concerning the prevention of cardiovascular diseases]. / Znachenie dlia praktiki rezul'tatov poslednikh otechestvennykh issledovanii po profilaktike serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii.

Data of two Soviet preventive studies, "Multifactorial prevention of coronary heart disease" and "Control of arterial hypertension in industrial workers", reported in 1985, are reviewed. There are data indicative of the role of arterial hypertension, smoking and hypercholesterolemia as coronary risk factors. The two preventive studies demonstrated a 20% and 21% decrease in total mortality, a 38% decrease in the incidence of myocardial infarction and a 70% decrease in the incidence of cerebral apoplexy. The success of the two programs is chiefly attributed to the control of arterial hypertension that has high prevalence among the population. Antismoking campaign can make an additional significant, even if moderate, contribution to the prevention of coronary disease within a multifactorial preventive effort.

[Chief risk factors of ischemic heart disease and mortality of the middle-aged male population of Kaunas]. / Osnovnye faktory riska ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa i smertnost' muzhskogo naseleniia srednego vozrasta Kaunasa.

A prospective study, averaging 11 years, of a representative sample of 2455 male residents of Kaunas between 45 and 59 years of age has explored relationships between coronary risk factors and mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer, injuries, as well as total mortality rates. An original analytical approach has been developed for the analysis of associations between individual risk factors and mortality that allows to exclude the effects of age and other examined factors. A marked relationship has been demonstrated between: coronary mortality and age, arterial blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose tolerance, smoking, body weight, the presence and clinical form of CHD; cancer-related mortality, and age or smoking; traumatic mortality and smoking; total mortality and age, arterial blood pressure, glucose tolerance, body weight, smoking, and the presence and type of CHD.