ABSTRACT
The relative-range error test is one of several tests described in the ASTM E3125-2017 standard for performance evaluation of spherical coordinate three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems such as terrestrial laser scanners (TLS). We designed a new artifact, called the plate-sphere target, that allows the realization of the relative-range error tests quickly and efficiently without the need for alignment at each position of the test.Use of a simple planar/plate target requires careful alignment of the target at each position of the relative-range error test, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. This new artifact significantly reduces the time required to perform the test, from a matter of about 2 h to less than 30 min while resulting in similar test uncertainty values.The plate-sphere target was conceived and initially developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), improved based on feedback from collaborators at the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada and TLS manufacturers, and commercialized by Bal-tec Inc.This new artifact will save users and manufacturers of TLSs considerable time and money.
ABSTRACT
Amastigotes from L. (L.)amazonensis (La), L. (L.)venezuelensis (Lv), L. (V.)brasiliensis (Lb), and L. (L.)chagasi (Lch) were cultured in a free cells liquid culture medium. Patients (n = 87) from a cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) hyperendemic region receiving different treatments were followed up from January 1994 to August 2000. Time for remission of lesions were spontaneous remission (SR) 7 weeks; Glucantime (Glu) chemotherapy 9 weeks; immunotherapy with La, Lv, Lb, and Lch amastigotes Tosyl-Lysil Chloromethyl-ketone (TLCK) treated and Nonidet P-40(NP-40) extracted (VT) 7 weeks. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response with leishmanine intradermic reaction (IDR) was higher in CL patients than healthy controls (P < 0.05) and increased in active secondary versus primary infection (P < 0.001) with diagnostic value 1.74 for active infection and 1.81 postclinical remission. Antibodies to amastigotes characterized by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) decreased in sera postclinical remission versus active infections (P < 0.001), with a diagnostic value from 1.50 to 1.84. Immunoblottings antigenic bands frequency as well as Integral Optical Density (IOD) Area Densitometry decreased with sera from SR, after Glu or VT treatments in CL volunteers. Intracellular parasitism is due to normal antibodies recognizing parasite antigens after inoculation by vector. VT vaccine induced mainly cellular immunity, for remission of lesions and protection from CL infection.
