Interdisciplinary management of Type 3 oligodontia: A retrospective case series.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Type 3 oligodontia is the most dentoalveolar deficient manifestation of congenital tooth absence. There is a need to rehabilitate these children functionally and esthetically to improve quality of life. PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective case series was to evaluate the short- and intermediate-term outcomes of the dental treatment provided in a children's hospital and to develop a sequential interdisciplinary treatment planning protocol from infancy to the completion of jaw development. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 10 patients were included in this retrospective longitudinal case series report. Different interventions had been carried out at times related to growth and development of the jaws. Implant-supported fixed dental prostheses were provided after the lateral growth of the anterior mandible had stabilized at around 12 years of age. Definitive mandibular prostheses were provided after the cessation of growth and following maxillary treatment. Treatment for the maxilla was more complex. Bone grafted and graftless implant-supported fixed prostheses were offered as alternatives to a complete denture. Implant stability and soft tissue response were evaluated at prosthesis removal. RESULTS: Seven patients received a 4-implant and 2 a 5-implant-supported immediately loaded fixed mandibular prosthesis. One patient elected to maintain the interim complete denture. Of the 38 implants, 2 failed and were satisfactorily replaced. In the maxilla, 4 patients elected to maintain a complete denture, and 6 received a maxillary implant-supported fixed prosthesis: 1 with bilateral sinus lift bone grafting and 6 regular implants; 1 with 6 regular implants; 1 with 4 regular implants; 2 with bilateral zygoma implants plus 2 regular anterior implants; and 1 with 4 zygoma implants. No implant failures were recorded in the maxilla. Follow-up for mandibular treatment ranged from 1 to 12 years and for maxillary treatment 1 to 9 years. All implants were classified as asymptomatic and surviving. CONCLUSIONS: The use of fixed implant-supported prostheses in selected individuals with Type 3 oligodontia can improve functional and esthetic outcomes as compared with the use of removable prostheses alone. Implant-supported prostheses require an interdisciplinary approach from early childhood until growth cessation.

Avian influenza viruses in wild birds in Canada following incursions of highly pathogenic H5N1 virus from Eurasia in 2021-2022.

Following the detection of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in Newfoundland, Canada, in late 2021, avian influenza virus (AIV) surveillance in wild birds was scaled up across Canada. Herein, we present the results of Canada's Interagency Surveillance Program for Avian Influenza in Wild Birds during the first year (November 2021-November 2022) following the incursions of HPAIV from Eurasia. The key objectives of the surveillance program were to (i) identify the presence, distribution, and spread of HPAIV and other AIVs; (ii) identify wild bird morbidity and mortality associated with HPAIV; (iii) identify the range of wild bird species infected by HPAIV; and (iv) genetically characterize detected AIV. A total of 6,246 sick and dead wild birds were tested, of which 27.4% were HPAIV positive across 12 taxonomic orders and 80 species. Geographically, HPAIV detections occurred in all Canadian provinces and territories, with the highest numbers in the Atlantic and Central Flyways. Temporally, peak detections differed across flyways, though the national peak occurred in April 2022. In an additional 11,295 asymptomatic harvested or live-captured wild birds, 5.2% were HPAIV positive across 3 taxonomic orders and 19 species. Whole-genome sequencing identified HPAIV of Eurasian origin as most prevalent in the Atlantic Flyway, along with multiple reassortants of mixed Eurasian and North American origins distributed across Canada, with moderate structuring at the flyway scale. Wild birds were victims and reservoirs of HPAIV H5N1 2.3.4.4b, underscoring the importance of surveillance encompassing samples from sick and dead, as well as live and harvested birds, to provide insights into the dynamics and potential impacts of the HPAIV H5N1 outbreak. This dramatic shift in the presence and distribution of HPAIV in wild birds in Canada highlights a need for sustained investment in wild bird surveillance and collaboration across interagency partners. IMPORTANCE: We present the results of Canada's Interagency Surveillance Program for Avian Influenza in Wild Birds in the year following the first detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 on the continent. The surveillance program tested over 17,000 wild birds, both sick and apparently healthy, which revealed spatiotemporal and taxonomic patterns in HPAIV prevalence and mortality across Canada. The significant shift in the presence and distribution of HPAIV in Canada's wild birds underscores the need for sustained investment in wild bird surveillance and collaboration across One Health partners.

Porous Azatruxene Covalent Organic Frameworks for Anion Insertion in Battery Cells.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) containing well-defined redox-active groups have become competitive materials for next-generation batteries. Although high potentials and rate performance can be expected, only a few examples of p-type COFs have been reported for charge storage to date with even fewer examples on the use of COFs in multivalent ion batteries. Herein, we report the synthesis of a p-type highly porous and crystalline azatruxene-based COF and its application as a positive electrode material in Li- and Mg-based batteries. When this material is used in Li-based half cells as a COF/carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode, a discharge potential of 3.9 V is obtained with discharge capacities of up to 70 mAh g-1 at a 2 C rate. In Mg batteries using a tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy)borate electrolyte, cycling proceeds with an average discharge voltage of 2.9 V. Even at a fast current rate of 5 C, the capacity retention amounts to 84% over 1000 cycles.

Effects of the Charge Density of Nanopapers Based on Carboxymethylated Cellulose Nanofibrils Investigated by Complementary Techniques.

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with different charge densities were prepared and investigated by a combination of different complementary techniques sensitive to the structure and molecular dynamics of the system. The morphology of the materials was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). The latter measurements were quantitatively analyzed yielding to molecular parameters in dependence of the charge density like the diameter of the fibrils, the distance between the fibrils, and the dimension of bundles of nanofibrils, including pores. The influence of water on the properties and the charge density is studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The TGA measurements reveal two mass loss processes. The one at lower temperatures was related to the loss of water, and the second process at higher temperatures was related to the chemical decomposition. The resulting char yield could be correlated to the distance between the microfibrils. The DSC investigation for hydrated CNFs revealed three glass transitions due to the cellulose segments surrounded by water molecules in different states. In the second heating scan, only one broad glass transition is observed. The dielectric spectra reveal two relaxation processes. At low temperatures or higher frequencies, the ß-relaxation is observed, which is assigned to localized fluctuation of the glycosidic linkage. At higher temperatures and lower frequencies, the α-relaxation takes places. This relaxation is due to cooperative fluctuations in the cellulose segments. Both processes were quantitatively analyzed. The obtained parameters such as the relaxation rates were related to both the morphological data, the charge density, and the content of water for the first time.

Impact of organic phosphates on the structure and composition of short-range ordered iron nanophases.

Organic phosphates (OP) are important nutrient components for living cells in natural environments, where they readily interact with ubiquitous iron phases such as hydrous ferric oxide, ferrihydrite (FHY). FHY partakes in many key bio(geo)chemical reactions including iron-mediated carbon storage in soils, or iron-storage in living organisms. However, it is still unknown how OP affects the formation, structure and properties of FHY. Here, we document how ß-glycerophosphate (GP), a model OP ligand, affects the structure and properties of GP-FHY nanoparticles synthesized by coprecipitation at variable nominal molar P/Fe ratios (0.01 to 0.5). All GP-FHY precipitates were characterized by a maximum solid P/Fe ratio of 0.22, irrespective of the nominal P/Fe ratio. With increasing nominal P/Fe ratio, the specific surface area of the GP-FHY precipitates decreased sharply from 290 to 3 m2 g-1, accompanied by the collapse of their pore structure. The Fe-P local bonding environment gradually transitioned from a bidentate binuclear geometry at low P/Fe ratios to monodentate mononuclear geometry at high P/Fe ratios. This transition was accompanied by a decrease in coordination number of edge-sharing Fe polyhedra, and the loss of the corner-sharing Fe polyhedra. We show that Fe(iii) polymerization is impeded by GP, and that the GP-FHY structure is highly dependent on the P/Fe ratio. We discuss the role that natural OP-bearing Fe(iii) nanophases have in biogeochemical reactions between Fe-P and C species in aquatic systems.

Assessment of immunosuppression induction with basiliximab compared to antithymocyte-globulin in adult heart transplant patients.

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing heart transplants are at risk of rejection which can have significant morbidity and mortality. Induction immunosuppression at the time of transplant reduces the early risk and has additional benefits. The induction agent of choice within our program was changed from rabbit antithymocyte-globulin (rATG) to basiliximab, so it was necessary to evaluate whether this had any impact on patient outcomes. OBJECTIVES: Our primary objective was to describe rejection, infection, and other outcomes in adult heart transplant patients at the University of Alberta Hospital in Edmonton, Canada. METHODS: This study was a nonrandomized, retrospective cohort study. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients were included with median ages 50 years versus 54 years. More female patients received rATG (20% vs. 42.4%). The most common indication for transplant in both cohorts was ICM (63.3% vs. 57.6%). Patients who received rATG had significantly higher PRA (0% vs. 43%, p < .001). Acute rejection episodes were similar between basiliximab and rATG at 3 months (16.7% vs. 15.1%; p = 1.0) and 6-months (30.0% vs. 18.1%; p = .376). Infections were not statistically different with basiliximab compared to rATG at 3-months, 43.3% vs. 63.6% and at 6-months 60.0% vs. 66.7%). There were no fatalities in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study did not demonstrate differences in rejection with basiliximab compared to rATG. Mortality did not differ, but basiliximab-treated patients had fewer infections and infection-related hospitalizations than those treated with rATG. Larger studies with longer durations are needed to more completely describe the differences in rejection and infectious outcomes.

Contributions and Impact of Health Communication Research to Vaccination Efforts and Acceptance.

Vaccines (a medical product) and vaccination recommendations (expert advice on who should receive, when, and how often) have grown in importance and prominence in the past 15 years, including because of a recent COVID-19 pandemic. This essay highlights contributions from vaccine and vaccination-related health communication research since 2010. This research has had significant impacts - that is, visible and discernible positive effects - on the ways health communication is undertaken broadly (e.g. at the campaign level) and at the health care provider-patient level (e.g. conversations with parents and patients regarding vaccine benefits, risks, and safety). As this essay illustrates, health communication research has resulted in greater use of formative research to guide vaccination campaign and education efforts, better identification and understanding of the factors behind vaccination delay and declination, and greater recognition that communication efforts can fail to achieve desired outcomes or generate unintended consequences. Health communication research has also documented the powerful influence of healthcare provider communication on parent and patient understanding and compliance with immunization recommendations. Importantly, this research has also shown the characteristics of provider-patient communication matter much. Healthcare providers must have or establish a high degree of trust, be well-versed in vaccine efficacy and safety, and be adept at using their personal experiences, information tailoring/personalization, and evidence-based communication strategies to increase the likelihood of success.

The quality of life impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns for people living with multiple sclerosis (MS): evidence from the Australian MS Longitudinal Study.

PURPOSE: People living with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) in metropolitan Victoria, Australia, experienced a 112-day, COVID-19-related lockdown in mid-2020. Contemporaneously, Australian PwMS elsewhere experienced minimal restrictions, resulting in a natural experiment. This study investigated the relationships between lockdowns, COVID-19-related adversity, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It also generated health state utilities (HSU) representative of changes in HRQoL. METHODS: Data were extracted from Australian MS Longitudinal Study surveys, which included the Assessment of Quality of Life-Eight Dimensions (AQoL-8D) instrument and a COVID-19 questionnaire. This COVID-19 questionnaire required participants to rank their COVID-19-related adversity across seven health dimensions. Ordered probits were used to identify variables contributing to adversity. Linear and logit regressions were applied to determine the impact of adversity on HRQoL, defined using AQoL-8D HSUs. Qualitative data were examined thematically. RESULTS: N = 1666 PwMS (average age 58.5; 79.8% female; consistent with the clinical presentation of MS) entered the study, with n = 367 (22.0%) exposed to the 112-day lockdown. Lockdown exposure and disability severity were strongly associated with higher adversity rankings (p < 0.01). Higher adversity rankings were associated with lower HSUs. Participants reporting major adversity, across measured health dimensions, had a mean HSU 0.161 (p < 0.01) lower than participants reporting no adversity and were more likely (OR: 2.716, p < 0.01) to report a clinically significant HSU reduction. Themes in qualitative data supported quantitative findings. CONCLUSIONS: We found that COVID-19-related adversity reduced the HRQoL of PwMS. Our HSU estimates can be used in health economic models to evaluate lockdown cost-effectiveness for people with complex and chronic (mainly neurological) diseases.

Consideration and Application of Lipoprotein(a) in the Risk Assessment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adults.

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is an low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle in which apolipoprotein (apo) B is covalently bound to a plasminogen-like molecule called apo(a). A High level of Lp(a) has been demonstrated to be an independent, causal, and prevalent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), as well as aortic valve disease, through mechanisms that promote atherogenesis, inflammation, and thrombosis. With reliable and accessible assays, Lp(a) level has been established to be associated linearly with the risk for ASCVD. The 2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Dyslipidemia Guidelines recommend measuring an Lp(a) level once in a person's lifetime as part of the initial lipid screening. The aim of this review is to provide an update and overview of the utility and application of Lp(a) level in the assessment and treatment of adults at risk for ASCVD, consistent with this guideline recommendation.

La lipoprotéine(a), ou Lp(a), est une lipoprotéine de basse densité dans laquelle l'apolipoprotéine B est liée de manière covalente à une molécule semblable au plasminogène, l'apolipoprotéine(a). On a démontré qu'un taux élevé de Lp(a) est un facteur de risque indépendant, causal et fréquent d'athérosclérose cardiovasculaire (ASCV) et de valvulopathie aortique, en raison de mécanismes qui favorisent l'athérogénèse, l'inflammation et la thrombose. Des épreuves fiables et accessibles ont permis d'établir que le taux de Lp(a) était associé de façon linéaire à un risque d'ASCV. Dans ses lignes directrices de 2021 sur la prise en charge de la dyslipidémie, la Société cardiovasculaire du Canada recommande de mesurer le taux de Lp(a) une fois au cours de la vie d'une personne, dans le cadre du dépistage initial des lipides. Le présent article vise à fournir une mise à jour et un compte rendu de l'utilité et de l'application du taux de Lp(a) dans l'évaluation et le traitement des adultes présentant un risque d'ASCV, conformément à cette recommandation issue des lignes directrices.

CSF or middle ear effusion? Diagnostical dilemmas in a patient with temporal bone meningioma: A case report.

Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas are a rare phenomenon, that can lead to life-threatening complications if left untreated. Presenting as rhinorrhea or otorrhea, they can be difficult to diagnose due to admixture of other bodily fluids. Typically, CSF fistulas develop after trauma, but in rare instances, they can be diagnosed in patients with a neoplastic lesion. Objective: To discuss several steps in diagnosing CSF fistulas. Patient: A fifty-year-old female with an intra-osseous temporal bone meningioma. Interventions: For diagnosing CSF admixture in fluids, two tests are looked into: beta-2 transferrin (ß2T) and beta-trace protein (ßTP) testing. Conclusion: Testing for ßTP is a highly sensitive, quick and non-invasive method to assess CSF admixture in middle ear effusion. Because of its lower cost, faster results and easy sample collection, ßTP testing has in our clinic replaced ß2T testing. The current case illustrates a rare etiology of a CSF fistula, where ß2T testing presumably showed false-negative results and ßTP testing showed true-positive results.

Pharmacist-Led Follow-Up Program for Rural Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: The PLURAL-ACS Pilot Program.

Background: Patients living in rural settings have poorer access to care and more frequent readmissions after treatment for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) than patients in urban settings. It is unclear what types of medication-related issues are encountered by this cohort and whether pharmacist-led care could resolve them. Objectives: To describe the issues related to cardiac medications encountered by rural patients after treatment for ACS and the impact of a pharmacist-led virtual follow-up pilot program in this population. Methods: A quality improvement initiative was developed whereby a cardiology pharmacist provided follow-up to post-ACS rural patients in Alberta, Canada, between March and May 2022. For each patient, the pharmacist identified and resolved cardiac medication-related issues through regular telephone visits over a 30-day period following hospital discharge. The primary outcome was the number of cardiac medication-related issues identified. Secondary outcomes included the types of medication-related issues identified and actions taken by the pharmacist to resolve them. Results: During the 15-week program, 40 patients received care, and 139 virtual visits were completed. The median time spent per visit was 60 (interquartile range [IQR] 50-80) minutes. In total, 255 cardiac medication-related issues (6 per patient, IQR 3.75-8.25) were identified, of which 233 (91%) were resolved by the pharmacist. Prescription errors, adverse effects, and drug therapy optimization were the most common issues identified on days 1, 10, and 30, respectively. The pharmacist commonly undertook patient counselling (n = 126, 54%) and medication prescribing (n = 63, 27%) to address medication-related issues. Conclusions: A substantial number of cardiac medication-related issues were identified and resolved through a pharmacist-led virtual follow-up program in rural post-ACS patients. These findings could assist in the development of future follow-up programs to improve care for this high-risk population.

Contexte: L'accès des patients vivant en milieu rural aux soins est plus difficile et leur réadmission plus fréquente après un traitement pour le syndrome coronarien aigu (SCA) que les patients vivant en milieu urbain. On ne sait pas exactement quels types de problèmes liés aux médicaments rencontre cette cohorte et si les soins dispensés par les pharmaciens pourraient les résoudre. Objectifs: Décrire les problèmes liés aux médicaments cardiaques que rencontrent les patients vivant en milieu rural après un traitement pour le SCA et les effets d'un programme pilote de suivi virtuel dirigé par un pharmacien dans cette population. Méthodes: Une initiative d'amélioration de la qualité a été développée dans le cadre de laquelle un pharmacien en cardiologie a assuré le suivi des patients vivant en milieu rural après un SCA en Alberta, au Canada, entre mars et mai 2022. Pour chaque patient, le pharmacien a identifié et résolu les problèmes liés aux médicaments cardiaques grâce à des visites téléphoniques régulières sur une période de 30 jours après le congé de l'hôpital. Le critère de jugement principal était le nombre de problèmes identifiés liés aux médicaments cardiaques. Les critères de jugement secondaires comprenaient les types de problèmes liés aux médicaments identifiés et les mesures prises par le pharmacien pour les résoudre. Résultats: Au cours du programme de 15 semaines, 40 patients ont reçu des soins et 139 visites virtuelles ont été réalisées. La durée médiane de chaque visite était de 60 minutes (intervalle interquartile [IQR] 50­80). Au total, 255 problèmes liés aux médicaments cardiaques (6 par patient, IQR 3,75­8,25) ont été identifiés, dont 233 (91 %) ont été résolus par le pharmacien. Les erreurs de prescription, les événements indésirables et l'optimisation du traitement médicamenteux étaient les problèmes les plus fréquents les jours 1, 10 et 30, respectivement. Le pharmacien offrait généralement du counseling aux patients (n = 126, 54 %) et prescrivait des médicaments (n = 63, 27 %) pour résoudre les problèmes liés aux médicaments. Conclusions: Un nombre important de problèmes liés aux médicaments cardiaques ont été identifiés et résolus grâce à un programme de suivi virtuel dirigé par un pharmacien chez les patients vivant en milieu rural après un SCA. Ces résultats pourraient aider à élaborer de futurs programmes de suivi pour améliorer les soins dans cette population à haut risque.

Systematic review of reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics data for non-viral sexually transmitted infections.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a public health burden rising in developed and developing nations. The World Health Organization estimates nearly 374 million new cases of curable STIs yearly. Global efforts to control their spread have been insufficient in fulfilling their objective. As there is no vaccine for many of these infections, these efforts are focused on education and condom distribution. The development of vaccines for STIs is vital for successfully halting their spread. The field of immunoinformatics is a powerful new tool for vaccine development, allowing for the identification of vaccine candidates within a bacterium's genome and allowing for the design of new genome-based vaccine peptides. The goal of this review was to evaluate the usage of immunoinformatics in research focused on non-viral STIs, identifying fields where research efforts are concentrated. Here we describe gaps in applying these techniques, as in the case of Treponema pallidum and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Know-how of holding a Bioinformatics competition: Structure, model, overview, and perspectives.

The article presents a framework for a Bioinformatics competition that focuses on 4 key aspects: structure, model, overview, and perspectives. Structure represents the organizational framework employed to coordinate the main tasks involved in the competition. Model showcases the competition design, which encompasses 3 phases. Overview presents our case study, the League of Brazilian Bioinformatics (LBB) 2nd Edition. Finally, the section on perspectives provides a brief discussion of the LBB 2nd Edition, along with insights and feedback from participants. LBB is a biannual team competition launched in 2019 to promote the ongoing training of human resources in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology in Brazil. LBB aims to stimulate ongoing training in Bioinformatics by encouraging participation in competitions, promoting the organization of future Bioinformatics competitions, and fostering the integration of the Bioinformatics and Computational Biology community in the country, as well as collaboration among participants. The LBB 2nd Edition was launched in 2021 and featured 251 competitors forming 91 teams. Knowledge competitions promote learning, collaboration, and innovation, which are crucial for advancing scientific knowledge and solving real-world problems. In summary, this article serves as a valuable resource for individuals and organizations interested in developing knowledge competitions, offering a model based on our experience with LBB to benefit all levels of Bioinformatics trainees.

Integrated density of states algorithm for one-dimensional randomly layered optical media.

Anderson localization simulations in one-dimensional disordered optical systems usually focus on the localization length or its inverse, but the calculation of the density of states has appeared less frequently for such models. In this paper a technique originally used to calculate the integrated density of states for one-dimensional disordered crystals supporting electron propagation is modified for use with randomly layered optical media. The density of states is then readily available via differentiation. The algorithm is demonstrated on one-dimensional quarter-wave stack and non-quarter-wave stack models with layer thicknesses disordered.

Using qualitative free-text data to investigate the lived experience of the COVID-19 pandemic for a large cohort of Australians with different multiple sclerosis related disability levels.

BACKGROUND: No large-scale qualitative studies have investigated the lived experience of people living with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) during the pandemic according to their disability level. We used qualitative research methods to investigate the lived experience of a large cohort of Australians living with differing multiple sclerosis (MS)-related disability levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also provided useful contextualisation to existing quantitative work. METHODS: This was a retrospective survey-based mixed-methods cohort study. A quality-of-life study was conducted within the Australian MS Longitudinal Study during the pandemic. Disability severity was calculated using the Patient Determined Disease Steps. Qualitative free-text data regarding COVID-19 impacts was collected/analysed for word frequency and also thematically (inductively/deductively using sophisticated grounded theory) using NVivo software. We also triangulated word frequency with emerging themes. RESULTS: N=509 PwMS participated providing n=22 530 words of COVID-19-specific data. Disability severity could be calculated for n=501 PwMS. The word 'working' was important for PwMS with no disability, and 'support' and 'isolation' for higher disability levels. For PwMS with milder disability, thematic analysis established that multitasking increased stress levels, particularly if working from home (WFH) and home-schooling children. If not multitasking, WFH was beneficial for managing fatigue. PwMS with severe disability raised increased social isolation as a concern including prepandemic isolation. CONCLUSIONS: We found negative impacts of multitasking and social isolation for PwMS during the pandemic. WFH was identified as beneficial for some. We recommend targeted resourcing decisions for PwMS in future pandemics including child-care relief and interventions to reduce social isolation and suggest that these could be incorporated into some form of advanced care planning. As the nature of work changes postpandemic, we also recommend a detailed investigation of WFH for PwMS including providing tailored employment assistance.

Substituted benzophenone imines for COF synthesis via formal transimination.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a prominent class of organic materials constructed from versatile building blocks via reversible reactions. The quality of imine-linked COFs can be improved by using amine monomers protected with benzophenone forming benzophenone imines. Here, we present a study on substituted benzophenones in COF synthesis via formal transimination. 12 para-substituted N-aryl benzophenone imines, with a range of electron-rich to electron-poor substituents, were prepared and their hydrolysis kinetics were studied spectroscopically. All substituted benzophenone imines can be employed in COF synthesis and lead to COFs with high crystallinity and high porosity. The substituents act innocent to COF formation as the substituted benzophenones are cleaved off. Imines can be tailored to their synthetic demands and utilized in COF formation. This concept can make access to previously unattainable, synthetically complex COF monomers feasible.