ABSTRACT
The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) infests a wide array of host plants and is considered one of the most serious pests of maize in Europe. Recent studies suggest that individuals feeding on maize in Europe should be referred to O. nubilalis (sensu nov.), while those infesting dicots as Ostrinia scapulalis (sensu nov.). We test if the clear genetic distinctiveness among individuals of O. nubilalis living on maize vs. dicots is tracked by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We used fragments of COI and COII genes of 32 individuals traditionally recognized as O. nubilalis collected on three host plants, maize, mugwort and hop, growing in different parts of Poland. In addition, we reconstructed the mtDNA phylogeny of Ostrinia species based on our data and sequences retrieved from GenBank to assess host and/or biogeographic patterns. We also compared haplotype variation found in Poland (east-central Europe) with other regions (Anatolia, Eastern Europe, Balkans, Far East, North America). Our study showed high mtDNA diversity of O. nubilalis in Poland in comparison with other regions and revealed rare haplotypes likely of Asian origin. We did not find distinct mtDNA haplotypes in larvae feeding on maize vs. dicotyledonous plants. Phylogenetic analyses showed an apparent lack of mtDNA divergence among putatively distinct lineages belonging to the O. nubilalis group as identical haplotypes are shared by Asian and European individuals. We argue that human-mediated dispersal, hybridization and sporadic host jumps are likely responsible for the lack of a geographic pattern in mtDNA variation.
Subject(s)
Moths/genetics , Animals , Bayes Theorem , DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry , Databases, Nucleic Acid , Feeding Behavior , Genetic Variation , Moths/physiology , Phylogeny , Poland , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Many clinical disciplines demand revision of anatomical description. Classic anatomical description does not always fit to physiologic and functional observations. However, most of the anatomical nomina are clear and enough to be valid for all medical disciplines. Authors present some remarks concerning basic anatomical knowledge of diarthrodial joints.
ABSTRACT
Authors present basic anatomical review of surgical approaches to the hip joint and some considerations of modifications of standard approaches during revision hip arthroplasty.
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This article presents a rare case of a fracture of the thoracic spine accompanied by significant dislocation but without spinal cord injury in a 74-year-old male patient with ankylosing spondylitis. A literature search failed to reveal a similar case. Conservative treatment produced a good outcome.
ABSTRACT
A synovial bursa (bursa synovialis) is a recess in the articular cavity, formed at a point where the fibrous layer of the articular capsule has become thin and the synovia is able to extrude beyond it. Many bursae lose their connection with the articular cavity they accompany. Their function is to enhance the sliding of muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues in relation to movable bone structures, and to shift loads between bones and soft tissues. The anatomy of bursae is of importance in the endoscopic surgery of joints and of the bursae themselves. In many clinical situations the dominant symptoms may originate from particular synovial bursae. The Terminologia Anatomica (1998) lists ca. 50 bursae. The authors review the current state of knowledge regarding the anatomy of synovial bursae. Those of particular clinical importance are identified and suggestions are made for reconciling differences in clinical and anatomical terminology.
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The authors present the anatomical basis of surgical approaches to the cervical spine. The posterior, anterior, and transpharyngeal approaches are described, with particular attention to orientation structures, incisions, surgical dissection, and anatomical considerations regarding various hazards encountered during surgery of the cervical spine.
ABSTRACT
Bone union after fracture was monitorem using ultrasonography to evaluate the progres sof 15 long bone fractures treated conservatively or surgically (intramedullary nail or external stabilizer). The USG images of late postfracture changes were assessed in 21 patients an average of 60 weeks post trauma. The course of changes observed in USG imaging was observed to be generally parallel to the indications of bone union confirmed in clinical and radiological examinations. The phases of echogenic changes in callus were essentially similar to the scheme described by other authors, but there was some delay in their occurrence. After an average time of 59,43 (20-486) weeks post fracture, callus could still be seen as a convexity or slight depression in the course of the echo of dense matter. The image of an echo originating from the intramedullary nail could still be seen for up to 15 weeks after fracture. Ultrasonography brings additional qualitative data on the progress of fracture healing, but one should keep in mind that it is subjective in nature and dependent on the operator.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the localization and number of nutrient foramina in human long bones. Based on the literature and their own observations, the authors describe the sites and courses of nutrient vessels in the humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula and other long bones.
ABSTRACT
Systems for analysis and verification of final treatment results (outcomes) play articular role in medical sciences. Data collected by Decision Support Systems (DSS) allows the making of multivariable analysis and optimalized clinical decision. The options of applying the Decision Support Systems (DSS) in orthopaedics traumatology based on fracture treatment with special interest in fracture diagnostics and healing monitoring are described. The paper explains value of operational systems, central database, sort of data collected, analytical tools and data delivery system. Authors also emphasize telemedicine approach to DSS of fracture treatment.
ABSTRACT
Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) and stiffness index of the os calcis were measured in a sample of 407 normal sedentary women aged 40-60 years. Achieved results deliver reference data supporting measurement interpretation of physiologic as well pathologic conditions. Correlations were performed between ultrasound measurements and antropometric data. We observed that in women over 55 years there is a significant age related decline of BUA, SOS and stiffness. Significant correlations were also stated (p < 0.05) between body mass of woman aged 40-45, 46-50 i 51-55 and ultrasonic parameters of broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) (r = 0.26, 0.46, 0.43 respectively), considered as related to internal trabecular bone structure. In group of eldest woman (aged 56-60) such a correlations were not present, probably as an effect of intensive bone loss related to lack of protective effect of estrogens.
Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Body Height/physiology , Body Weight/physiology , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Age Factors , Body Mass Index , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Poland , UltrasonographySubject(s)
Menisci, Tibial/pathology , Spectrophotometry/methods , Adult , Female , Humans , Laser Therapy , Male , Menisci, Tibial/surgery , Middle AgedABSTRACT
For the assessment of the degree of osteoporosis progression of use are, besides biochemical and histological investigations, also photodensitometry, microradiography and radiological examinations. The last of them are easily available and cheap and they are recommended for screening examinations. Using the cortico-diaphyseal index determined by an own method and the Singh index it was found that atrophy of the spongy bone is not parallel in conditions regarded as pathological. The simultaneous use of both indices makes possible an easy, simple and rapid assessment of the degree of bone atrophy providing a possibility of introducing prophylactic and therapeutic management.
Subject(s)
Osteoporosis/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Bone Density/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The absence of compact bone of the type of calcar femorale in the femoral bones of other species may suggest a relationship between the calcar and the type of locomotion, the position of the femur in the hip joint, and the value of load carried by the femur. The presence of calcar femorale may be observed during routine radiological examination of the femur in lateral (or axial) projection. The absence of calcar shadow on X-ray examination is not ruling out its presence in the femur.
