[Comparative analysis of genetic variants of the HIV-1 circulating in the Irkutsk region in 1999 and 2012].

The pol and env genome regions of the HIV-1 genetic variants circulating in the irkutsk region of russia in 1999 and 2012 were compared. The results of this work showed the dominance of the HIV-1 subtype a IDU-A genetic variant (100%) in this region. No primary resistance mutations in the pol gene in the treatment-naive patients were found. The heterogeneity of the viral population was found to be significantly increased based on the pol and env analysis among HIV-variants isolated in 2012 (12.88% and 2.16%) from the intravenous drug users as compared to HIV-variants that caused the outbreak of the HIV infection in 1999 (1.64% and 0.47%). In addition, the comparison of genetic distances of the pol and env gene sequences in the viruses isolated in 2012 from the HIV-positive persons infected through heterosexual intercourse and intravenous drug use demonstrated that the transmission route influenced the variability of the virus population. Among the viruses of IDU-A variant circulating in the area in 2012 the prevalence of X4-tropic variants was 24.7%.

Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A HIV-1 variant in the outbreak of the HIV infection epidemic in Perm region of Russia (1996-2011).

In the present work, a total of 132 HIV-1 env gene C2-V3-C3 sequences belonging to the IDU-A genetic variant were analyzed. The variants were obtained from the viruses circulating among IDUs and heterosexuals in the Perm region at different periods. It was shown that the rate of the divergence of the IDU-A HIV-1 viruses from a common ancestor increased 4.3 times (p < 0.001) in 2011 as compared with the onset of the epidemics. The rate of the HIV-1 evolution was different in the two risk groups of the infection. The mean genetic distance of HIV-1 variants circulating among heterosexuals was 1.3 times longer (p = 0.008) than that among IDUs. The accumulation rate of the nucleotide (including nonsynonymous) substitutions in the C2-V3-C3 HIV-1 env gene region among individuals infected by heterosexual contacts was 1.7 times higher than that among IDUs. The differences in the positions of the codons subjected to positive selection were demonstrated depending on the infection risk group tested.

Peculiarities of ischemic cardiac arrhythmias in cats against the background of stimulation of sensorimotor cortex and administration of selective opiate receptor agonists.

In acute experiments on Nembutal-anesthetized cats, the effect of opiate receptor agonists DAGO, DSLET, and dinorphin A(1-13) on the incidence of idioventricular rhythm disturbances, including ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, was studied under conditions of occlusion of circumflex branch of the left coronary artery and stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex. The most pronounced effects were observed with DSLET and dinorphin A(1-13). These preparations completely prevented ventricular fibrillation. DAGO produced a less pronounced protective effect probably because of parallel increase in plasma catecholamine concentration.

[Free-radical perodixative reactions in the acute period of craniocerebral trauma]. / Svobodnoradikal'nye perekisno-okislitel'nye reaktsii v ostrom periode cherepno-mozgovoi travme.

The condition is analyzed of the pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance in patients in the acute phase of craniocerebral injury. The higher the degree of craniocerebral injury, the more enhanced are lipid peroxidation processes, the more apparent is the decline in the function of the bodily antioxidant system. Changes in metabolic processes were at their greatest in patients beyond forty four years of age, especially in women with severe craniocerebral injury. The authors recommend including natural and synthetic antioxidants into a complex of measures designed to treat craniocerebral injury.

[The activity of free-radical lipid-peroxidative reactions in the acute and late periods of severe craniocerebral trauma]. / Issledovanie aktivnosti svobodnoradikal'nykh perekisno-okislitel'nykh reaktsii v ostrom i otdalennom periode tiazheloi cherepno-mozgovoi travmy.

Severe craniocerebral injury is shown to result in intensification of processes of lipid peroxidation (LPO), decline in activity of the antioxidant system, which facts lead to further damage to the injured brain caused by products of LPO processes. Activity of LPO processes is recordable as is decline in activity of the antioxidant system after the treatment administered and in 12 and 24 months following the injury sustained as well. The authors recommend that natural and synthetic antioxidants be included into a complex of measures designed to treat severe craniocerebral injury.

[Free-radical and neuroimmune processes in primary and repeated craniocerebral trauma (in an experiment)]. / Svobodnoradikal'nye i neiroimmunnye protsessy pri pervichnoi i povtornoi cherepno-mozgovoi travme (v éksperimente).

The impact of primary and repeated brain injury (BI) (moderate contusion of the brain) on changes of pro- and antioxidative processes in the brain and blood, as well as on the body's neuroimmune responses during 30 days following injury were studied in an experiment on albino rats. The changes in the rate of lipid peroxidation (LPO) were shown to be significantly higher in repeated BI than in primary one. There was no correlation between the changes in the rate of LPO in the blood and in the brain tissue. Immune disorders, namely: the proliferative activity of T and B lymphocytes were slightly milder than in primary BI while in repeated BI, neurosensitization was detectable earlier, which was more pronounced. Thus, goal-oriented correction of free radical processes should be made in the brain and of neuroimmune disorders in BI.

[The mechanism of the action of dalargin in experimental myocardial ischemia]. / Mekhanizm deistviia dalargina pri éksperimental'noi ishemii miokarda.

In acute experiments on cats it has been shown that dalargin possess antiarrhythmic affect in myocardial ischemia. Antiarrythmic effect of dalagrig may be connected both with reflex and with direct action of dalargin on neurons structure, which