ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The objective of the study was to find associations between obstetric complications (OCs) history and schizophrenia course and symptoms. We analysed the obstetric and psychiatric history of 50 DSM IV schizophrenic subjects who experienced their first schizophrenia episode in adolescence, and 30 healthy controls. Obstetrical data and Apgar scores were obtained from medical records and evaluated with the Lewis and Murray Scale. Based on patients' documentation [including longitudinal evaluation with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)] the symptom profile and the course of schizophrenia were determined. RESULTS: we distinguished two major groups of patients: with prominent negative and prominent positive symptoms. Schizophrenics with prominent negative symptoms and a chronic schizophrenia course had significantly more definite OCs and lower Apgar scores than patients with prominent positive symptoms and controls. Subjects who had a positive OCs history were more than four times likely to develop schizophrenia in adolescence than those without such a history (OR=4.64; 95% CI=1.29-17.51) with the likelihood of developing schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms especially high (OR=7.31; 95% CI=1.80-29.65). An Apgar score of between 0 and 3 after birth was associated with an increased risk for developing schizophrenia (OR=2.25; 95% CI=0.56-9.12), especially with prominent negative symptoms (OR=3.71; 95% CI=0.84-16.32). The findings support the hypothesis of a role of OCs in developing early-onset schizophrenia and suggest the associations of the OCs history with a specific symptoms profile (prominent negative symptoms) and a chronic course of schizophrenia.
Subject(s)
Apgar Score , Delusions/psychology , Depression/psychology , Hallucinations/psychology , Obstetric Labor Complications/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/etiology , Schizophrenic Psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Delusions/diagnosis , Female , Hallucinations/diagnosis , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Risk Factors , Schizophrenia/diagnosisABSTRACT
The subject of the research were two populations: 84 adolescents aged 14-21, after sui cidal attempts (ASA--drug overdose), never treated psychiatrically, and 30 adolescents after accidental intoxication (ACI). The objective of this research was to find whether there is a relation between the observed suicidal behaviors, psychic disorders and dysfunction of the hypothalamo--pituitary--adrenal axis. In each patient the plasma levels of cortisol and ACTH were assessed, and also the Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) was made. It was found that most patients in the ASA group were females. Additionally, in this group statistically higher levels of cortisol after DST were found, comparing to the ACI group. Considering the sex of patients, the differences of serum cortisol levels were significant only in females. We found that higher cortisol levels in ASA were related to diagnosed depressive disorders (mostly in females), presence of psychosocial and environmental problems, and elevated risk level of repeated suicidal attempt.
Subject(s)
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology , Mental Disorders/etiology , Mental Disorders/metabolism , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Pituitary-Adrenal System/metabolism , Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiopathology , Suicide, Attempted/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Dexamethasone , Female , Humans , Hydrocortisone/blood , Male , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The aim of study was retrospective estimation of clinical picture and duration of prodromal period in 150 adolescents with the first episode of schizophrenia.
Subject(s)
Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Adult , Depression/diagnosis , Female , Hospitalization , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Humans , Male , Phobic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychology, Adolescent , Retrospective Studies , Schizophrenia/rehabilitation , Schizophrenic Psychology , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
The paper presents the preliminary observations concerning the attitudes manifested by the families of adolescents diagnosed as psychotic and admitted to psychoeducation group. The above group was characterized by the high level of expressed emotion and, what is even more important, by the attempt to deny the presence of the illness and by the fear of stigmatization. The last two factors proved particularly relevant for realization of the therapeutic programme, and were often instrumental in individual decisions to leave the group. In the course of psychoeducation of adolescents' families the therapeutic programme should be geared to the actual needs of the group.
Subject(s)
Health Education , Mental Health , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Schizophrenia , Adolescent , Adult , Affect , Age of Onset , Humans , Parents , Schizophrenic PsychologyABSTRACT
In 1991 the American Psychiatric Association proposed a draft version of the IV edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--the DSM IV Options Book. Authors of this version wanted to increase clarity of the criteria sets and to provide compatibility with the Tenth Edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD - 10). The purpose of this Options Book is to propose some changes in wording, diagnostic divisions and to discuss various options concerning the placement of sections and disorders within the classification. The "Disorders of Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence" section was renamed "Disorders Usually First Evident in Infancy, Childhood or Adolescence" and moved to the front of the classification and also was expended to 11 groups of disorders. Several suggestions have been made about including new diagnostic groupings such as: Rett's Disorder, Eating Disorders and Voice Disorder. The Options Book introduces a superior category for Attention Deficit Disorders (with and without hyperactivity) and for Conduct Disorder/Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Several options are proposed regarding The Anxiety Disorders of Childhood or Adolescence. There is no evidence for a distinction in this category according to the age criterion. One option would be to move these disorders into the adult anxiety section (similarly as in the Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia). In the new version the title "Specific Developmental Disorders" is omitted. The suggestion is to include Phonological Disorder (Articulation Disorders) and Elective Mutism into Speech and Language Disorders section.
Subject(s)
Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Age Factors , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Mutism/diagnosis , Phobic Disorders/diagnosis , Rett Syndrome/diagnosis , Voice Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
The study comprised 13 subjects (3 girls and 10 boys) aged 17 to 20 years from various groups of youngsters in whom in the course of marihuana smoking the psychical disturbances such as depressive-anxiety syndrome, characteristic syndromes or schizophrenia-like syndrome, characteristic syndromes or schizophrenia-like syndromes occurred. Basing on evaluation of the psychical and somatic state prior and after marihuana smoking in the all subjects studied the presence of the organic central nervous system lesion sign has been stated. Moreover, in a majority of subjects studied atypical clinical symptoms of intoxication were observed: prolonged stunning (1 case), bad trip of the strong fear reaction type (2 cases), and psychoses characterized by varying clinical symptomatology (6 cases). The schizophrenia-like syndromes in the group studied have been treated with Leponex and no relapses have been noted during 3 years. The so-called schizophrenic defect has not been noted.
