[Prognostic factors in schizophrenic patients]. / Factores pronósticos en pacientes esquizofrénicos.

INTRODUCTION: A series of factors have been identified, linked to the prognosis of the schizophrenia, such as the form of the starting point, the existence of the causing factors, time of evolution, personal and familiar psychiatric antecedents, the civil state, the working situation, the sex, the social class, age of onset and kind of symptomatology. METHODOLOGY: T look into such factors in a sample of 65 schizophrenic patients, it was collected some information about all the variables and relative data in the clinic history, in a formal way, during the admission of the patient in the year 1987/88. In February, 1993, all the cases have been revised and have been qualified as "the best prognosis" or "the worst prognosis", according to some points, such as number of re-admissions, actual symptomatology, level of social and laboural operation. The total sample of patients was dichotomied according to the prognosis variable and the two sub-samples were compared in respect to all the variables related to the prognosis. RESULTS: The factors associated with a "best prognosis", include the situation of the laboural activity and the biggest level of adaptation in the previous year to the admission. The presence of self-reference delusion, hallucinations and insomnia, have been associated with a "worst prognosis". CONCLUSIONS: It hasn't been possible to reply, in this study, with the prognosis of the schizophrenia, giving evidence of the methodological difficulties and the heterogeneous results in this kind of studies.

[Psychosocial factors in duodenal ulcer]. / Estudio de la morbilidad psiquiátrica en personal sanitario.

"Burn-out" is a kind of assistential laboral stress which affects the professions which involve an interpersonal relationship with beneficiaries of the job, such us health workers. It originates emotional alterations which lead to feelings of emptiness and personal failure or laboral inability. The revisions about studies of mental disorders in health workers fall upon such laboral stress and remark that in such professional people there is a bigger prevalence of disorders because of the use of substances and of depression. To analyse the mental disorders in health workers by means of the retrospective study of a sample in a general hospital which asked for a psychiatric consultation, sociodemographic variables, clinico-diagnostic and variables related to laboral activity were analysed. The sample is constituted by 112 patients of an average age of forty years old and preferentially females (79.5%). In the sample, some professions are represented above all expectations; they are nurses, physicians, the laboral category of "boss and managers" and the laboral regimen of "permanents". The more frequent psychiatric disorders were the adjustment disorders and code V, the affective disorders and the anxiety disorders (23-33%), the disorders caused by the use of substances and the psychotic disorders are limited (5%). The laboral activity was considered an important factor in 43% of the cases and the mental disorder caused laboral inability, transitory or permanent in half of the patients. It is detected a relationship between the diagnostic and variables such as sex, laboral category, laboral inability, psychosocial stress level and GAF and there hasn't been detected any association between mental disorders and age, profession, laboral regimen and laboral stress.