Sedentary Behavior Is Associated With Low Leisure-Time Physical Activity and High Body Fatness in Older Brazilian Adults.

Sedentary behavior (SB) has emerged as a new health risk factor, including risk of premature death. This study examined the association between SB and measures of physical activity and body fatness in older Brazilian adults. Self-report measures of SB (ie, sitting time [ST]), leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and body fatness (body mass index [BMI]) were collected from 355 older adults aged 60 years and older by trained interviewers. Statistical procedures were conducted using SPSS software with significance set at P < .05. Overall, the median ST was 3 hours per day. Mean values of LTPA and BMI for the entire sample were 90.0 (197.4) min/week and 26.5 (4.9) kg/m2, respectively. Partial correlations controlling for age revealed that ST was negatively associated with LTPA (pr = -.15 [-.25; -.04]; P = .006) and positively associated with BMI (pr = .25 [.14; .35]; P < .001). Age, BMI, and LTPA emerged as independent predictors of ST, explaining a small but significant variance in ST (R 2 = .12; P = .02). Furthermore, t test revealed a significant difference in LTPA and BMI between groups of different amounts of sitting. The findings suggest that prolonged ST may have a negative impact on LTPA and BMI in older Brazilian adults.

Acute Effects of Different Rest Intervals Between Sets of Resistance Exercise on Neuromuscular Fatigue in Trained Older Women.

Jambassi Filho, JC, Gurjão, ALD, Prado, AKG, Gallo, LH, and Gobbi, S. Acute effects of different rest intervals between sets of resistance exercise on neuromuscular fatigue in trained older women. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2235-2240, 2020-The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different rest intervals (RIs) between sets on total volume, time under tension, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and integrated electromyography (iEMG) activity of the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles. Twenty-one resistance-trained older women (66.4 ± 4.4 years; 69.1 ± 11.4 kg; 157.5 ± 5.0 cm) completed 3 different test sessions, performed 48-72 hours apart, in a randomized and counterbalanced within-subjects design. In 2 test sessions, the participants performed 3 sets to voluntary exhaustion with loads that corresponded to 15 maximum repetitions, with either 1-minute RI (RI-1) or 3-minute RI (RI-3). In another test session, the participants remained at rest for 15 minutes. The total volume of exercise and time under tension for the RI-3 session was statistically higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the RI-1 session. Postexercise MVC for the RI-3 session showed significantly greater reductions (-7.8%; p ≤ 0.05) compared with the RI-1 and control sessions. No significant changes in postexercise iEMG activity of the VL and VM were shown for any of the sessions (all p > 0.05). The findings of this study suggest that different RIs between sets lead to different acute neuromuscular responses. The longer RI seemed to induce higher neuromuscular fatigue, likely due to higher total volume and time under tension. Thus, longer RI may be a strategy that possibly would lead to greater long-term gains in muscle strength and hypertrophy of the lower limbs in trained older women.

Acute effect of different exercise intensities and differences related to age on muscle performance in young and older women.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the acute effect of different exercise intensities on the number of repetitions and total volume and differences related to age on the fatigue index. METHODS: Twelve young women (19.0±1.6 years) and ten older women (66.6±5.8 years) performed two experimental sessions for the elbow flexor muscles in a balanced cross-over design. In one experimental session, the participants performed three sets to concentric muscle failure at 100% of 10-12 maximum repetitions (RM). In the other experimental session, the participants performed two sets of 12 repetitions and one final set until concentric muscle failure at 90% of 10-12 RM. A 90-second rest interval was adopted between sets. RESULTS: The session performed at 90% of 10-12 RM showed a higher number of repetitions in the second and third sets and a greater total volume, compared to the session at 100% of 10-12 RM for both young and older women (all P<0.05). However, significant no differences were observed in the fatigue index between the young and older women for the sessions performed at 90% or 100% of 10-12 RM (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a 10% load reduction promotes a greater number of repetitions and higher total volume in young and older adults. Moreover, the results indicate that young and older women present the same Fatigue Index for the elbow flexor muscles.

Activity behavior, nutritional status and perceived health in older Brazilian adults: Does the number of chronic diseases matter?

AIM: The present study examined activity behavior, nutritional status and perceived health in relation to the number of chronic diseases (ChrD) in a representative sample of Brazilians aged ≥60 years. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study was carried out in a midsize Brazilian city to evaluate different health risk factors. Using a stratified random sampling procedure to select a representative sample of adults, this study interviewed 1572 individuals face-to-face. Our analytical sample focused on those aged ≥60 years (n = 355). Statistical procedures were carried out using spss software, with the significance level set as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Older adults diagnosed with ≥2 ChrD were significantly less active during leisure time physical activity (P = 0.03), presented with significant higher body mass index values (P < 0.001) and were approximately fivefold (1.69-17.93) more likely to perceive their health as poor compared with those with zero ChrD. The group with ≥2 ChrD reported a similar amount of sitting time compared with older adults with zero or one ChrD (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Having multiple ChrD has a negative impact on older adults' leisure time physical activity, body mass index and the perception of health. The findings of the present study underscore the need for more infusive approaches tackling ChrD in Brazil focusing on healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as physical activity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2376-2382.

Chronic Effects of Different Rest Intervals Between Sets on Dynamic and Isometric Muscle Strength and Muscle Activity in Trained Older Women.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the chronic effects of different rest intervals (RIs) between sets on dynamic and isometric muscle strength and muscle activity. DESIGN: We used a repeated-measures design (pretraining and posttraining) with independent groups (different RI). Twenty-one resistance-trained older women (66.4 ± 4.4 years) were randomly assigned to either a 1-minute RI group (G-1 min; n = 10) or 3-minute RI group (G-3 min; n = 11). Both groups completed 3 supervised sessions per week during 8 weeks. In each session, participants performed 3 sets of 15 repetitions of leg press exercise, with a load that elicited muscle failure in the third set. Fifteen maximum repetitions, maximal voluntary contraction, peak rate of force development, and integrated electromyography activity of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles were assessed pretraining and posttraining. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in load of 15 maximum repetitions posttraining for G-3 min only (3.6%; P < 0.05). However, posttraining results showed no significant differences between G-1 min and G-3 min groups for all dependent variables (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that different RIs between sets did not influence dynamic and isometric muscle strength and muscle activity in resistance-trained older women.

Functional training reduces body fat and improves functional fitness and cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: This randomized clinical trial with concealed allocations, and blinding of the assessors and the data analyst, was aimed at determining the effects of 16 weeks of functional training on the body composition, functional fitness and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women. METHODS: The study began with 64 subjects (N.=32 functional training and N.=32 control group) and ended with 50 subjects (N.=28 functional training and N.=22 control group). The exercise was conducted in circuit training format with 8 stations related to the development of muscular strength (using elastic bands for resistance) plus 3 stations focused on balance, coordination, and agility. The training session also incorporated an 18 to 30 minute walk. The control group did not participate in the exercise programs during the period of study. The participants were evaluated before and after the training period as regards their body composition (fat and lean mass), functional fitness, abdominal strength and blood chemistry variables. RESULTS: Significant reductions were observed in all body composition variables related to fat (FM= -3.4 and Android FM= -7.7%) (P<0.05). The functional fitness components had significant improvements in coordination (-33.3%), strength (66.5%), agility (-19.5%) and aerobic capacity (-7%), and significant improvement in abdominal strength (188.2%). We observed significant improvements in total cholesterol (-4.4%) and HDL (-9.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The observed data lead us to conclude that functional training utilizing with elastic bands and unstable bases causes significantly improved in body composition, functional fitness and lipid profiles.

Osteoarticular diseases and physical performance of Brazilians over 80 years old.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the physical performance of Brazilian individuals older than 80 years with and without OD. METHODS: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (aged > 80 years) of both gender. Identification of osteopenia/osteoporosis was verified by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and the presence of others osteoarticular diseases (OD) was obtained using a questionnaire of morbidities. Physical performance was analyzed by motor tests. RESULTS: Men presented higher proportion of osteopenia/osteoporosis compared to women (p = 0.013). The proportion of older people with arthritis/osteoarthritis for women and men was 33% and 26%, respectively, and with OD in the spine was 19% and 12%, respectively. No significant difference for physical performance, measured by each test and overall score, was observed between groups of OD. According to gender, male with OD presented lower performance in gait speed, balance and overall score (p < 0.05), while older people with osteopenia/osteoporosis are at higher risk for low physical performance (OR 2.73; CI 95% 1.31-5.66). CONCLUSION: In conclusion it was verified in older people with age of 80 years or more, a high prevalence of OD, especially in men, and the presence of these diseases interfered negatively their physical performance.

Osteoarticular diseases and physical performance of Brazilians over 80 years old / Doenças osteoarticulares e desempenho físicode idosos brasileiros com idade igual ou superior a 80 anos

Abstract Objective To investigate the physical performance of Brazilian individuals older than 80 years with and without OD. Methods The sample consisted of 135 individuals (aged > 80 years) of both gender. Identification of osteopenia/osteoporosis was verified by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and the presence of others osteoarticular diseases (OD) was obtained using a questionnaire of morbidities. Physical performance was analyzed by motor tests. Results Men presented higher proportion of osteopenia/osteoporosis compared to women (p = 0.013). The proportion of older people with arthritis/osteoarthritis for women and men was 33% and 26%, respectively, and with OD in the spine was 19% and 12%, respectively. No significant difference for physical performance, measured by each test and overall score, was observed between groups of OD. According to gender, male with OD presented lower performance in gait speed, balance and overall score (p < 0.05), while older people with osteopenia/osteoporosis are at higher risk for low physical performance (OR 2.73; CI 95% 1.31-5.66). Conclusion In conclusion it was verified in older people with age of 80 years or more, a high prevalence of OD, especially in men, and the presence of these diseases interfered negatively their physical performance.

Resumo Objetivo Investigar o desempenho físico de idosos brasileiros com idade superior a 80 anos com e sem doenças osteoarticulares (DO). Métodos Foram avaliados 135 indivíduos (idade > 80 anos) de ambos os sexos. A presença de osteoporose foi analisada por meio da técnica de Absorptiometria de Raios-X de Dupla Energia, e a prevalência de outras doenças osteoarticulares foi verificada por meio de um questionário resumido de morbidades referidas. O desempenho físico foi avaliado por testes motores. Resultados Os homens apresentaram maior proporção de osteopenia/osteoporose comparados às mulheres (p = 0,013). A proporção de idosos com artrite/artrose foi 33% e 26%, e com alguma doença na coluna foi 19% e 12%, para homens e mulheres, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa no desempenho físico para a amostra geral. Segundo o sexo, homens com DO apresentaram menor desempenho nos testes de caminhada, equilíbrio e escore total (p < 0,05). Idosos com osteopenia/osteoporose apresentaram maior risco para limitação física (OR 2,73; IC 95% 1,31-5,66). Conclusão Foi verificado em idosos com idade igual ou superior a 80 anos alta prevalência de doenças osteoarticulares, especialmente em homens, e sua presença interfere negativamente no desempenho físico.

Balance Exercises Circuit improves muscle strength, balance, and functional performance in older women.

This study introduces the Balance Exercises Circuit (BEC) and examines its effects on muscle strength and power, balance, and functional performance in older women. Thirty-five women aged 60+ (mean age = 69.31, SD = 7.35) were assigned to either a balance exercises group (BG, n = 14) that underwent 50-min sessions twice weekly, of a 12-week BEC program, or a wait-list control group (CG, n = 21). Outcome measures were knee extensor peak torque (PT), rate of force development (RFD), balance, Timed Up & Go (TUG), 30-s chair stand, and 6-min walk tests, assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Twenty-three participants completed follow-up assessments. Mixed analysis of variance models examined differences in outcomes. The BG displayed improvements in all measures at follow-up and significantly improved compared with CG on, isokinetic PT60, PT180 (p = 0.02), RFD (p < 0.05), balance with eyes closed (p values range .02 to <.01) and TUG (p = 0.03), all with medium effect sizes. No changes in outcome measures were observed in the CG. BEC improved strength, power, balance, and functionality in older women. The BEC warrants further investigation as a fall prevention intervention.

Interferência do estado de humor na melhora dos componentes da capacidade funcional em idosos / Interference of mood states in the improvement of components of functional capacity in the elderly

Estados de humor são sentimentos autorreguladores que, quando positivos, podem contribuir para um envelhecimento saudável, manter ou melhorar os níveis funcionais. Tal melhora pode ser notada em indivíduos que praticam atividade física sistematizada, como a dança, por exemplo. Para verificar se há influência dos estados de humor nos componentes funcionais e a interferência do exercício físico nesses aspectos, o presente estudo foi realizado com 30 idosos, distribuídos igualmente em dois grupos (Grupo de Treinamento e Grupo Controle). O Grupo de Treinamento participou de um protocolo de dança com duração de 1 hora três vezes por semana ao longo de 12 semanas, e o Grupo Controle não frequentou qualquer programa de atividade física. Todos os participantes foram avaliados pela Lista de Estados de Ânimo Reduzida e Ilustrada e pela bateria de testes da AAHPERD. Para análise dos estados de humor, foi utilizado o teste binomial com nível de significância de 5% e uma análise comparativa pré e pós. Para os componentes da capacidade funcional, foi utilizada a análise de variância para medidas repetidas ANOVA twoway, adotando-se mesmo nível de significância. Não foram detectadas mudanças estatisticamente significativas para os estados de humor, embora os componentes funcionais tenham apresentado melhoras na coordenação, agilidade e força com a prática de dança. Os idosos que apresentaram melhores níveis funcionais tiveram os estados de humor positivos intensificados e os negativos mantidos ou reduzidos. Idosos adeptos ao exercício físico com estados de humor mais positivos apresentaram os melhores níveis funcionais. (AU)

Mood states are auto-regulating feelings that, being positive, may contribute to a healthy aging to maintain or improve functional levels. Such benefits can be noticed in individuals who practice physical activity, systematically, such as dancing, for example. In order to investigate whether the mood states can influence functional components and the interference of physical exercise on these aspects, this study was carried out with 30 individuals, equally assigned into two groups (training group and control group). The Training Group participated in a dance protocol (one-hour session, three times a week for 12 weeks) and the Control Group did not attend any physical activity program. All participants were evaluated by means of the Illustrated and Reduced Mood States List and the battery tests of AAHPERD. For mood states analysis, it was used the binomial test with 5% significance level and a pre-to-post comparison. Regarding the components of functional capacity, a two-way ANOVA was used for repeated measures, adopting the same level of signifi cance. No statistically significant changes on mood states changes were showed, although the functional components of coordination, agility and strength were improved after dance training. Older people who presented better functional levels also presented more intense positive mood states and maintained or reduced the negative ones. Those ones who were adherents to exercise along with more positive mood states showed better functional levels. (AU)

Effect of different rest intervals between sets in the growth hormone concentrations in trained older women / Efeito de diferentes intervalos de recuperação entre as séries nas concentrações do hormônio do crescimento em idosas treinadas

Abstract The use of shorter rest intervals (RI) between sets of weight exercises has demonstrated to be a strategy to cause elevations of growth hormone concentrations (GH) in young adults. However, is not yet well established whether the magnitude of these elevations is influenced by the aging process. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of different RI between sets of weight exercises on GH concentrations. Eighteen trained older women (65.8 ± 4.4 years; 70.2 ± 11.8 kg; 158.2 ± 5.1 cm) were submitted to two experimental exercise sessions in the leg press (separated by intervals between 48 and 72 hours). Both sessions consisted of three sets all performed with absolute loads of 15 maximal repetitions. Participants were instructed to perform maximum repetitions possible in each set until volitional muscle fatigue. In each experimental session, one of the different RI between sets was used: one minute (RI-1) or three minutes (RI-3). A randomized cross-over balanced design was used to determine the order of experimental sessions. Blood samples were collected to determine GH concentrations immediately before and after leg press exercise. Only the session performed with RI-1 showed significant elevations (50.7%; P < 0.05) in GH concentrations after exercise. However, significant differences in post-exercise GH concentrations were not observed between RI (P > 0.05). The results suggest that the use of different RI between sets does not influence the GH concentrations in trained older women.

Resumo A utilização de menores intervalos de recuperação (IR) entre as séries de exercícios com pesos têm-se demonstrado uma estratégia para ocasionar elevações nas concentrações do GH em adultos jovens. No entanto, ainda não está bem estabelecido se a magnitude destas elevações é influenciada pelo processo de envelhecimento. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito de diferentes IR entre as séries de um exercício com pesos nas concentrações do hormônio do crescimento (GH). Dezoito idosas treinadas (65,8± 4,4 anos; 70,2± 11,8 kg; 158,2± 5,1 cm) foram submetidas a duas sessões experimentais no exercício leg-press, separadas por intervalos entre 48 e 72 horas. Ambas as sessões consistiram de três séries, todas executadas com as cargas absolutas de 15 repetições máximas. As participantes foram instruídas para realizarem o máximo de repetições possíveis em cada série, até a fadiga muscular voluntária. Em cada sessão experimental foi empregado um dos diferentes IR entre as séries: um minuto (IR-1) ou três minutos (IR-3). Um delineamento cross-over balanceado foi utilizado para determinar a ordem das sessões. As coletas sanguíneas para determinar as concentrações do GH foram realizadas imediatamente pré e pós-exercício leg-press. Somente a sessão realizada com IR-1 apresentou elevações significativas (50,7%; P < 0,05) nas concentrações do GH pós-exercício. Entretanto, diferenças significativas nas concentrações do GH pós-exercício não foram observadas entre os dois IR (P > 0,05). Os resultados sugerem que a utilização de diferentes IR entre as séries não influencia nas concentrações do GH pós-exercício, em idosas treinadas.

Interferência do estado de humor na melhora dos componentes da capacidade funcional em idosos / Interference of mood states in the improvement of components of functional capacity in the elderly

Estados de humor são sentimentos autorreguladores que, quando positivos, podem contribuir para um envelhecimento saudável, manter ou melhorar os níveis funcionais. Tal melhora pode ser notada em indivíduos que praticam atividade física sistematizada, como a dança, por exemplo. Para verificar se há influência dos estados de humor nos componentes funcionais e a interferência do exercício físico nesses aspectos, o presente estudo foi realizado com 30 idosos, distribuídos igualmente em dois grupos (Grupo de Treinamento e Grupo Controle). O Grupo de Treinamento participou de um protocolo de dança com duração de 1 hora três vezes por semana ao longo de 12 semanas, e o Grupo Controle não frequentou qualquer programa de atividade física. Todos os participantes foram avaliados pela Lista de Estados de Ânimo Reduzida e Ilustrada e pela bateria de testes da AAHPERD. Para análise dos estados de humor, foi utilizado o teste binomial com nível de significância de 5% e uma análise comparativa pré e pós. Para os componentes da capacidade funcional, foi utilizada a análise de variância para medidas repetidas ANOVA twoway, adotando-se mesmo nível de significância. Não foram detectadas mudanças estatisticamente significativas para os estados de humor, embora os componentes funcionais tenham apresentado melhoras na coordenação, agilidade e força com a prática de dança. Os idosos que apresentaram melhores níveis funcionais tiveram os estados de humor positivos intensificados e os negativos mantidos ou reduzidos. Idosos adeptos ao exercício físico com estados de humor mais positivos apresentaram os melhores níveis funcionais.

Mood states are auto-regulating feelings that, being positive, may contribute to a healthy aging to maintain or improve functional levels. Such benefits can be noticed in individuals who practice physical activity, systematically, such as dancing, for example. In order to investigate whether the mood states can influence functional components and the interference of physical exercise on these aspects, this study was carried out with 30 individuals, equally assigned into two groups (training group and control group). The Training Group participated in a dance protocol (one-hour session, three times a week for 12 weeks) and the Control Group did not attend any physical activity program. All participants were evaluated by means of the Illustrated and Reduced Mood States List and the battery tests of AAHPERD. For mood states analysis, it was used the binomial test with 5% significance level and a pre-to-post comparison. Regarding the components of functional capacity, a two-way ANOVA was used for repeated measures, adopting the same level of signifi cance. No statistically significant changes on mood states changes were showed, although the functional components of coordination, agility and strength were improved after dance training. Older people who presented better functional levels also presented more intense positive mood states and maintained or reduced the negative ones. Those ones who were adherents to exercise along with more positive mood states showed better functional levels.

Effects of different resistance training frequencies on flexibility in older women.

OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of the investigation reported here was to analyze the effect of resistance training (RT) performed at different weekly frequencies on flexibility in older women. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Fifty-three older women (≥60 years old) were randomly assigned to perform RT either two (n=28; group "G2x"), or three (n=25; group "G3x") times per week. The RT program comprised eight exercises in which the participants performed one set of 10-15 repetitions maximum for a period of 12 weeks. Anthropometric, body-composition, and flexibility measurements were made at baseline and post-study. The flexibility measurements were obtained by a fleximeter. RESULTS: A significant group-by-time interaction (P<0.01) was observed for frontal hip flexion, in which G3x showed a higher increase than G2x (+12.8% and +3.0%, respectively). Both groups increased flexibility in cervical extension (G2x=+19.1%, G3x=+20.0%), right hip flexion (G2x=+14.6%, G3x=+15.9%), and left hip flexion (G2x=+25.7%, G3x=+19.2%), with no statistical difference between groups. No statistically significant differences were noted for the increase in skeletal muscle mass between training three versus two times a week (+7.4% vs +4.4%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Twelve weeks of RT improves the flexibility of different joint movements in older women, and the higher frequency induces greater increases for frontal hip flexion.

Musculoskeletal pain perception and hypertension / Percepção de dor musculoesquelética e hipertensão arterial

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several human studies have shown an inverse relation between pain perception and blood pressure. This study aimed at investigating the association between musculoskeletal pain report and hypertension in a group of workers. METHODS: Using a body diagram with image and intensity scale (1 to 10), 349 workers (243 males and 106 females) were asked about the presence and sensitivity to musculoskeletal pain. All were submitted to blood pressure measurement and diagnosis of hypertension by the occupational physician. RESULTS: One hundred workers (28.7%) have reported some type of musculoskeletal pain and from these 12 were hypertensive and 88 normotensive. There has been no difference in musculoskeletal pain prevalence and sensitivity between hypertensive and normotensive workers. Notwithstanding the lack of significant difference, in average hypertensive workers had higher prevalence (38.7% vs 27.7%) and sensitivity to pain as compared to normotensive workers (2.3±0.8 vs 2.1±0.9, respectively). CONCLUSION: It was not possible to confirm in the group of studied workers literature evidences that hypertensive individuals have lower pain prevalence and sensitivity as compared to normotensive individuals. .

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Diversos estudos em humanos têm demonstrado relação inversa entre percepção de dor e pressão arterial. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a associação entre o relato de dor musculoesquelética e hipertensão arterial em um grupo de trabalhadores. MÉTODOS: Utilizando-se um diagrama corporal com imagem e escala para intensidade (1 a 10), 349 trabalhadores (243 homens e 106 mulheres) foram questionados a respeito da presença e sensibilidade à dor musculoesquelética. Todos foram submetidos a medidas de pressão arterial e diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial pelo médico do trabalho. RESULTADOS: Cem trabalhadores (28,7%) relataram algum tipo de dor musculoesquelética e destes 12 eram hipertensos e 88 normotensos. Não houve diferença nem na prevalência nem na sensibilidade da dor musculoesquelética entre trabalhadores hipertensos e normotensos. Apesar da ausência de diferença significativa, em média os hipertensos demonstraram maior prevalência (38,7% vs 27,7%) e sensibilidade à dor do que os normotensos (2,3±0,8 vs 2,1±0,9, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Não foi possível confirmar no grupo de trabalhadores estudados as evidências da literatura de que indivíduos hipertensos possuem menor prevalência e sensibilidade à dor do que normotensos. .

Effects of Square-Stepping Exercise on balance and depressive symptoms in older adults / Efeitos do Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) no equilíbrio e sintomas depressivos de idosos / Efectos del Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) en equilibrio y síntomas depresivos en adultos mayores

The aim of this study was analyze the effects of Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) on depressive symptoms, balance and functional mobility in older adults. Participants were distributed into two groups: Trained Group (TG), who performed a 16-week intervention with SSE and Control Group (CG), who performed only evaluations. The Berg Balance Scale and Time Up and Go Test (TUG) constituted the evaluation protocol to verify balance and functional mobility. Geriatric Depression Scale-short form (GDS-15) was applied for measure depressive symptoms. Evaluations were realized pre and post 16-week. Significant improvements were observed in the TG with the maintenance of GDS-15 scores and on the time to perform the TUG test which reflects better functional mobility than the CG. This could lead to conclude that the SSE is an important tool for improve balance, prevent falls and decrease depression symptoms...

"Efeitos do Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) no equilíbrio e sintomas depressivos de idosos." O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar os efeitos do Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) nos sintomas depressivos, equilíbrio e mobilidade funcional de idosos. Os participantes foram distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo Treinamento (TG), que realizou 16 semanas de intervenção com o SSE e Grupo Controle (CG), que penas respondeu as avaliações. A Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e o Time Up and Go Test (TUG) constituíram o protocolo de avaliação, e verificaram o equilíbrio e a mobilidade funcional. A Escala Geriátrica de Depressão curta (GDS-15) foi aplicada para mensurar os sintomas depressivos. Avaliações Foram realizadas pré e após 16 semanas. Resultados significativos foram observados no TG, como a manutenção do escore da GDS-15 e melhora do tempo para realizar o TUG, o que reflete em uma mobilidade funcional melhor que no CG. Podemos concluir que o SSE é uma importante ferramenta para promover equilíbrio, prevenir que das e diminuir os sintomas depressivos...

"Efectos del Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) en equilibrio y síntomas depresivos en adultos mayores." El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos del SSE (Square-Stepping Exercise) en los síntomas depresivos, equilibrio y movilidad funcional de ancianos. Los participantes fueron divididos en dos grupos: Grupo de Entrenamiento (TG), que celebró 16 semanas de intervención con SSE y Grupo Control (GC), que respondió evaluaciones plumas. El rango de equilibrio de Berg Balance de el Time Up nd Go Test (TUG) constituyeron el protocolo de evaluación, y se encontró el equilibrio y la movilidad funcional. La Escala de Depresión Geriátrica breve (GDS-15) se utilizó para medir los síntomas depresivos. Las evaluaciones se realizaron antes y después de 16 semanas. Los resultados significativos se observaron en TG, como el mantenimiento de la puntuación GDS-15 y la mejora de tiempo para realizar el TUG, que se refleja en una mejor movilidad funcional en CG. Podemos concluir que la ESS es una herramienta importante para promover el equilibrio, la prevención y disminución de los síntomas depresivos...

Protocols with blood flow restriction during resistance training: a systematic review / Protocolos com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo durante o treino resistido: uma revisão sistemática

This systematic review investigated protocols used in Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) exercise training and evaluated the intensity of exercise and length of training for the development of muscle hypertrophy and strength. Twelve studies were included according to criteria. The Random-effects Model was used to teste the intensity of exercise and length of training in quadriceps femoral. In general, the BFR group was associated with an increase in Muscle Cross-sectional Area (CSA) of 3.84%; however, it was not associated with an increase in quadriceps strength compared with the control group. When the analyses were made considering the intensity of the exercise and length of training, the results showed that BFR exercise ≤ 30% of One Repetition Maximal (1RM) and the length of training ≤ 2 weeks were associated with an increase in quadriceps CSA and strength compared with the control group. The analyses provide subsidies that BFR training until 30% 1RM and a length of training until 2 weeks are the most effective to develop muscle hypertrophy and strength in lower limbs than exercise more than 30%1RM and more than 4 weeks of length training.

Essa revisão sistemática investigou protocolos utilizados em treinamento físico com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo (RFS) e avaliou a intensidade do exercício e período de treinamento para o desenvolvimento de força e hipertrofia muscular. Considerando os critérios estabelecidos, 12 artigos foram incluídos. A análise de Modelos de Efeitos Aleatórios foi utilizada para testar a intensidade do exercício e duração do treinamento no músculo quadríceps femoral. De maneira geral, o grupo RFS foi associado com um aumento na área de secção transversa (AST) do músculo em 3,84%, no entanto, não houve associação com aumento de força no quadríceps quando comparado com o grupo controle. Quando as análises foram realizadas considerando a intensidade do exercício e tempo de treinamento, os resultados mostraram que o exercício com RFS ≤ 30% de 1 RM (Repetição Máxima) e a duração de treinamento ≤ 2 semanas foi associado com aumento da AST e força no quadríceps quando comparado com o grupo controle. As análises fornecem subsídios de que treinamentos com RFS com uma intensidade de até 30%1RM e até 2 semanas de duração são mais efetivos para desenvolver força e hipertrofia muscular no quadríceps femoral que treinos de intensidade maior de 30% de 1RM e com duração de mais de 2 semanas.

Health related quality of life is differently associated with leisure-time physical activity intensities according to gender: a cross-sectional approach.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated a positive association between physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQL). However, studies have suggested that this association depends both on the PA intensity and the domain of HRQL evaluated. This study aimed to explore the association between physical, mental and overall HRQL with recommended levels of PA. PA levels were divided into moderate and vigorous intensity leisure-time PA and total leisure-time PA. METHODS: The study included 1001 adults, 582 women (46 ± 17 years) and 419 men (43 ± 16 years), residents in Rio Claro-SP, Brazil. All participants completed the SF-36 questionnaire to assess HRQL and the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to assess level and intensities of leisure-time PA. Total leisure-time PA at moderate intensity was classified as: less than 9 min/week, 10-149 min/week, 150-299 min/week and 300 min/week or more. Total leisure-time PA at vigorous intensity was classified as: less than 9 min/week, 10 to 74.9 min/week, 75-149 min/week and 150 min/week or more. Multiple linear regression was performed in STATA version 12.0. RESULTS: Among women, moderate intensity and total leisure-time PA were associated with physical health. Among men, moderate and vigorous intensity and total leisure-time PA were associated with physical health and overall HRQL. Furthermore, moderate intensity and total leisure-time PA were associated with mental health in men. However, vigorous intensity PA was not associated with mental health for this group. CONCLUSION: The different domains of HRQL were associated with different levels and intensities of PA in leisure-time according to gender of adults. These findings indicate the complexity and importance of evaluating the HRQL stratified by gender and consider the different levels and intensities of PA.

Effects of square stepping exercise in patients with sequel of cerebrovascular accident / Efeitos do square stepping exercise em pacientes com sequelas de acidente vascular encefálico

Introduction Cerebral stroke is the interruption of blood flow to the brain and can be classified into hemorrhagic and ischemic. It may result in serious body balance and cognition complications. Kinesiotherapy is a privileged means of rehabilitation.Objective Verify the effects of Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) on cognitive functions, depressive symptoms and the body balance of cerebral stroke sequel patients.Methods Thirteen brain stroke sequel patients were divided into two groups: SSE (SSEG n = 8) and conventional physiotherapy group (PG, n = 5). The SSEG participated only of the SSE training protocol, while the PG participated of its physical therapy routine group, both for 4 months. They were evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BBRC), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS),Berg Balance Scale(BBS) and Timed Up and Go(TUG).Results The U Mann Whitney test showed no significant differences between groups. In intragroup analysis, the Wilcoxon test showed significant improvement in global cognitive status for PG (p < 0.042), and for SSEG there were positive results for verbal fluency (p < 0.04) and in TUG for number of steps (p < 0.04) and the time (p < 0.02).Conclusion The SSE seems to benefit dynamic balance, influencing gait agility, cognition related to verbal fluency and may have contributed to maintain other cognitive functions.

Introdução O Acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) é a interrupção do fluxo de sangue para o cérebro e pode ser classificado em hemorrágico e isquêmico, podendo resultar em graves complicações do equilíbrio corporal e cognição. A cinesioterapia constitui-se em meio privilegiado de reabilitação.Objetivo Verificar os efeitos do Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) nas funções cognitivas, nos sintomas depressivos e no equilíbrio de pacientes com sequelas de AVE.Métodos Treze pacientes com sequelas de AVE foram alocados em dois grupos: grupo SSE (GSSE n = 8) e grupo fisioterapia convencional (GF n = 5). O GSSE participou apenas do protocolo de treinamento do SSE, o GF participou apenas de sua rotina de fisioterapia realizada em grupo, ambos pelo período de 4 meses e avaliados por meio do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), da Bateria Breve de Rastreio Cognitivo (BBRC), da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS), da Escala de Equilíbrio Funcional de Berg (EEFB) e do Timed Up and Go (TUG).Resultados O teste U Mann Whitney não apontou diferenças significantes intergrupos. Na análise intragrupo, o teste de Wilcoxon mostrou melhora significativa no GF (p < 0,042) no estado cognitivo global, e no GSSE quanto à fluência verbal (p < 0,04) e no TUG tanto para número de passos (p < 0,04) quanto para tempo o (p < 0,02).Conclusão O SSE parece beneficiar o equilíbrio dinâmico, fazendo com que os pacientes com sequela de AVE apresentem marcha mais ágil, a cognição no tocante à fluência verbal, bem como pode ter contribuído para a manutenção de outras funções cognitivas.

Sarcopenia and cardiovascular risk in physically active adult and elderly women / Sarcopenia e risco cardiovascular em mulheres adultas e idosas fisicamente ativas / Sarcopenia y riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres adultas y mayores fisicamente activas

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in non-sedentary women. Study participants were 124 women (control group (CG) n = 33; 24.5 ± 2.9 years and study group (SG) n = 91; 61.9 ± 8.7 years). Anthropometric measurements, blood parameters, body composition (DXA), anthropometric indices and questionnaire answers were analyzed. Sarcopenia was considered as a standard deviation below mean values for young people, corresponding to 7.3 kg/m2 and classifying 34.1% of SG as sarcopenic. Prevalence of risk for CVD considered low, moderate and high was 21%, 60% and 19%, respectively. Logistic regression showed no relationship between sarcopenia and risk factors for CVD, except for body mass index as a protection factor. There was a tendency for sarcopenia to assume associations as risk factor for variables smoking, triglycerides, obesity, abdominal fat, and Framingham Risk Score and as a protection factor for variable physical activity level.

Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência de sarcopenia e sua associação com fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) em mulheres fisicamente ativas. Participaram 124 mulheres (Grupos Controle (GC) n = 33; 24,5 ± 2,9 anos e de Estudo (GE) n = 91; 61,9 ± 8,7 anos). Analisaram-se medidas antropométricas, parâmetros sanguíneos, composição corporal (DEXA), índices antropométricos e respostas de questionários. Considerou-se sarcopenia um desvio-padrão abaixo da média para a população jovem, correspondendo a 7,3 kg/m2, classificando 34,1% do GE como sarcopênico. Prevalência do risco para DCV considerando baixo, moderado e alto foi, respectivamente, 21%, 60% e 19%. A regressão logística não mostrou relação entre sarcopenia e fatores de risco para DCV, exceto para o índice de massa corporal como fator de proteção. Observou-se tendência da sarcopenia assumir associações como fator de risco nas variáveis tabagismo, triglicerídeos, obesidade, gordura abdominal e Escore de Risco de Framingham e como fator de proteção na variável nível de atividade física.

El objetivo fue comprobar la prevalencia de sarcopenia y su relación con factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) en mujeres activas. Participaron 124 mujeres (Grupo Control (GC) n = 33; 24,5 ± 2,9 años y de Estudio (GE) n = 91; 61,9 ± 8,7 años), a las cuales se le realizó: cuestionario, antropometría, análisis bioquímico y densitometría ósea (DEXA). La sarcopenia fue considerada una desviación estándar por debajo de la media para la población joven, lo que corresponde a 7,3 kg/m2, clasificando 34,1% el GE como sarcopénico. La prevalencia del riesgo para ECV considerando bajo, moderado y alto riesgo fue respectivamente, 21%, 60% y 19%. La regresión logística no mostró relación entre sarcopenia y factores de riesgo para ECV, excepto para el índice de masa corporal como factor de protección. También se observó que la sarcopenia está asociada a factores de riesgo como tabaquismo, hipertrigliceridemia, obesidad, grasa abdominal y puntuación de riesgo de Framingham. La variable de actividad física se mostró como factor de protección.

Effect of a multimodal exercise program on sleep disturbances and instrumental activities of daily living performance on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease patients.

AIM: To assess the contribution of a multimodal exercise program on the sleep disturbances (SD) and on the performance of instrumental activities daily living (IADL) in patients with clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease patients (PD). METHODS: A total of 42 consecutive patients (23 training group, 19 control group) with PD and 35 demented patients with AD (19 trained group, 16 control group) were recruited. Participants in both training groups carried out three 1-h sessions per week of a multimodal exercise program for 6 months. The Pfeffer Questionnaire for Instrumental Activities and the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire were used to assess the effects of the program on IADL and SD respectively. RESULTS: Two-way ancova showed interactions in IADL and SD. Significant improvements were observed for these variables in both intervention groups, and maintenance or worsening was observed in control groups. The analysis of effect size showed these improvements. CONCLUSION: The present study results show that a mild to moderate intensity of multimodal physical exercises carried out on a regular basis over 6 months can contribute to reducing IADL deficits and attenuating SD.