ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Lens induced glaucoma due to hypermature cataracts is an important cause of secondary glaucoma in the developing world. The most common etiology of lens induced glaucoma is phacomorphic glaucoma from untreated senile cataract. OBJECTIVES: To study the demographics, clinical presentations and surgical outcome of lens induced glaucoma (LIG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is the prospective case series of fifty three patients eyes with LIG over a 6 months period from June 2015 to November 2015. All cases of lens induced glaucoma underwent cataract surgery. Data including demographics, clinical presentations, surgical outcome were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Studies 20.0. RESULTS: The mean age was 61.5 years (Standard deviation 8.9) with predominantly women (30, 56.6%) were affected. Phacomorphic glaucoma (38, 71.7%) was the main cause of lens induced glaucoma, followed by phacolytic glaucoma (15, 28.3%). The main clinical symptoms were reduced vision (100%), eye pain (96.2%) and redness of eyes (62.3%). All patients (100%) presented with visual acuity of <3/60 or worse and intraocular pressure (IOP) more than 40 mm Hg (34, 64.2%). All 53(100%) patients underwent cataract surgery and all of them had tremendously reduced intraocular pressure with a mean 13.9 mmHg and vision had improved from >6/18 as noted in 16(30.2%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: The main clinical presentations of LIG are triad of acute reduced vision, eye pain and redness. The better final BCVA is found when there is an early presentation and less IOP at the time of presentation Public awareness, early detection and early intervention aids in good visual recovery and control of intraocular pressure in LIG.
Subject(s)
Cataract/epidemiology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/epidemiology , Lens, Crystalline/pathology , Aged , Cataract/diagnosis , Cataract Extraction , Eye Pain/diagnosis , Eye Pain/physiopathology , Female , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Humans , Hyperemia/diagnosis , Hyperemia/physiopathology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Male , Middle Aged , Nepal/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers , Tonometry, Ocular , Vision Disorders/diagnosis , Vision Disorders/physiopathology , Visual Acuity/physiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Optic neuritis (ON) is the involvement of the optic nerve as a result of inflammation, demyelination or infection. OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFL) and visual evoked potential (VEP) in ON cases. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A non-interventional, descriptive, cross sectional study enrolling 66 eyes of 49 patients with ON was done. pRNFL thickness was measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and VEP was also done. OCT and VEP findings were compared with the control group. In addition correlation between pRNFL thickness and VEP was done. RESULTS: The mean pRNFL in affected eyes were significantly higher than the control superiorly (p-value<0.001), inferiorly (p-value <0.001), temporally (p-value 0.005) and nasally (p-value <0.001). The mean P100 latency in the affected eyes were significantly prolonged than the control eyes both at 1º (p-value<0.001) and at 15' (p-value=0.05). The mean N75-P100 amplitude in the affected eyes were significantly reduced than the control eyes both at 1º (p-value<0.001) and at 15' (p-value<0.001). The mean pRNFL thickness in all four quadrants and VEP findings of the affected eyes showed no significant correlation. CONCLUSION: The increased thickness in non-myelinated pRNFL has no correlation with the increased latency or decreased amplitude in cases of ON. However, OCT is seen as a useful tool in detecting and quantifying even subtle pRNFL changes in cases of optic neuritis.
Subject(s)
Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology , Optic Nerve/pathology , Optic Neuritis/diagnosis , Retinal Ganglion Cells/pathology , Tertiary Care Centers , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Visual Acuity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Nerve Fibers/pathology , Optic Disk , Optic Neuritis/physiopathology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the demographic pattern and clinical characteristics of optic neuritis cases in a tertiary eye care centre in Nepal. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. METHODOLOGY: Complete ocular examination was done in all the newly diagnosed cases of optic neuritis presenting from January 1st 2012 to June 30th 2013. Demographic pattern, clinical features, visual acuity, colour vision, contrast sensitivity and visual field defects were studied. RESULTS: Sixty seven eyes of 50 patients (28 females and 22 males) with optic neuritis were included in the study. The mean age was 34.32 years ± 13.72 years. The male: female ratio was 1:1.27. All the cases presented with complaint of blurring of vision. Painful ocular movement was noted in 58%. On ophthalmoscopic examination around 2/3rd of eyes suffered from papillitis (72%) and 1/3rd from retrobulbar optic neuritis (27%). Only one case of neuroretinitis (1%) was seen in the study. The colour vision pattern was variable. Contrast sensitivity was reduced in 94%. Centrocaecal scotoma was seen in 10.5%. CONCLUSION: Females were predominantly affected. Unilateral involvement was the most common presenting as papillitis.
