ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Procedural improvements combined with the contemporary clinical profile of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) may have influenced the incidence and outcomes of infective endocarditis (IE) following TAVR. We aimed to determine the temporal trends, characteristics, and outcomes of IE post-TAVR. METHODS: Observational study including 552 patients presenting definite IE post-TAVR. Patients were divided in 2 groups according to the timing of TAVR (historical cohort [HC]: before 2014; contemporary cohort [CC]: after 2014). RESULTS: Overall incidence rates of IE were similar in both cohorts (CC vs HC: 5.45 vs 6.52 per 1000 person-years; P = .12), but the rate of early IE was lower in the CC (2.29 vs 4.89, P < .001). Enterococci were the most frequent microorganism. Most patients presented complicated IE (CC: 67.7%; HC: 69.6%; P = .66), but the rate of surgical treatment remained low (CC: 20.7%; HC: 17.3%; P = .32). The CC exhibited lower rates of in-hospital acute kidney injury (35.1% vs 44.6%; P = .036) and in-hospital (26.6% vs 36.4%; P = .016) and 1-year (37.8% vs 53.5%; P < .001) mortality. Higher logistic EuroScore, Staphylococcus aureus etiology, and complications (stroke, heart failure, and acute renal failure) were associated with in-hospital mortality in multivariable analyses (P < .05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Although overall IE incidence has remained stable, the incidence of early IE has declined in recent years. The microorganism, high rate of complications, and very low rate of surgical treatment remained similar. In-hospital and 1-year mortality rates were high but progressively decreased over time.
Subject(s)
Endocarditis , Transcatheter Aortic Valve ReplacementABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary artery dilatation is a common feature among patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. Left main coronary artery extrinsic compression by an enlarged pulmonary artery is a rare complication and a potential cause for chest pain and sudden cardiac death in patients with pulmonary hypertension. This situation is very rare and few reports have described it. Currently, the appropriate management of these patients remains unknown. CASE REPORT: In the present report we describe the case of a 39-year-old woman who presented with a 2-year history of cardiac symptoms related to exercise. The patient underwent a 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography, which showed left main coronary artery (LMCA) compression by a markedly enlarged pulmonary artery trunk (44 mm), without intraluminal stenosis or coronary artery calcium, as determined by the Agatston score. This compression was considered to be the cause of the cardiac symptoms. To confirm and plan the treatment, the patient underwent cardiac catheterization that confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and LMCA critical obstruction. Taking into account the paucity of information regarding the best management in these cases, the treatment decision was shared among a "heart team" that chose percutaneous coronary intervention with stent placement. An intra-vascular ultrasound was performed during the procedure, which showed a dynamic compression of the left main coronary artery. The intervention was successfully executed without any adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates dynamic compression of the LMCA by IVUS, visually demonstrating the mechanism of the intermittent symptoms of myocardial ischemia in this kind of patient. It also shows that percutaneous stenting technique may be an appropriate treatment for this unusual situation.
Subject(s)
Coronary Occlusion/diagnostic imaging , Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications , Pulmonary Artery/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods , Adult , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Occlusion/etiology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Multidetector Computed TomographyABSTRACT
Objetivo: Delinear um perfil epidemiológico do diabetes mellitus (DM) em uma zona urbana de Juiz de For a usando os dados obtidos no cadastramento do Programa de Saúde da Família da Prefeitura Municipal de Juiz de For a. Metodologia: Foram colhidas informações em 12.695 domicílios através da aplicação de um questionário baseado no Programa Avançado de Gerência em Atenção Primária a Saúde. A aplicação foi realizada por 180 entrevistadores acadêmicos da área de saúde. Os dados foram transferidos para o programa epidemiológico EPI-INFO versão 6.03. A análise do banco de dados referentes a população entre 30 e 69 anos permitiu a elaboração de um estudo sobre a prevalência do DM e sua relação com outros fatores. Resultados: A prevalência do DM auto-referido foi de 4,2 por cento (861 pessoas) e variou de 0,9 por cento (76) entre 30 e 39 anos a 11,6 por cento (297) entre 60 e 69 anos. 17,1 por cento (147) relataram não tratar ou tratar irregularmente. Nos homens, a idade não interferiu no tratamento; nas mulheres, quanto menor a faixa etária, menor a adesão ao tratamento. O DM estava relacionado com outros agravos à saúde: cardiopatia (r=4,8), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (r=4,7), cegueira (r=3,1) e incapacidade de locomoção (r=3,9). Conclusão: A prevalência da DM auto-referido foi semelhante a de outros estudos nacionais. O índice de diabéticos com tratamento irregular foi muito alto e relaciona-se com baixa renda e faixas etárias mais jovens no sexo feminino. O DM apresentou alta correlação com outros agravos à saúde: cardiopatia, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, cegueira e incapacidade de locomoção.
