[Endonasal repair of spontaneous CSF fistulas of the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus]. / Endonazal'naya plastika spontannykh likvornykh fistul lateral'nogo karmana klinovidnoi pazukhi.

CSF fistulas of the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus are a rare surgical pathology. Cerebrospinal fluid leak from lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus is observed with a frequency of 7.7% among all leakafe of the skull base. The article presents 3 clinical cases of patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak from lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus and surgical treatments by transsphenoidal and transpterygoid (transpterygoid) endoscopic approaches with various postoperative results. The plastic surgery success of CSF fistulas from lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus doesn`t depend on the type of endonasal surgical approach, but on the plastic quality and the preoperative level of CSF pressure.

[Intracerebral hemorrhage grading scales for the prediction of stroke outcome]. / Shkaly prognoza iskhoda u bol'nykh s gemorragicheskim insul'tom.

The authors consider the prognostic models and grading scales for the patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage and discuss the influence of some factors, like a patient age, intracerebral hematoma location and volume, intraventricular hemorrhage and development of obstructive hydrocephalus. The grading scales are described in terms of its' administering to patients before conservative treatment and surgery. A comparative analysis of the scales regarding the convenience and relevance of their use in clinical practice is carried out.

[Malignant cerebellar infarction: clinical course and surgical treatment]. / Zlokachestvennyi infarkt mozzhechka: klinicheskoe techenie i khirurgicheskoe lechenie.

AIM: To clarify the indications for surgical treatment of malignant cerebellar infarction (CI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty patients with CI were studied. The malignancy of CI was understood as the development of mass effect in the posterior cranial fossa, accompanied by the decrease in consciousness due to compression of the brain stem and/or the development of occlusive hydrocephalus. The patients were divided into 2 groups. The group of malignant CI included 55 patients (68.75%) (group I), the group of benign CI included 25 patients (31.25%) (group II). Patients of group I were divided into subgroups, one of them underwent surgical treatment (surgical subgroup), and another only conservative (conservative subgroup) treatment. Surgery efficacy criteria were: restoration of consciousness to 15 points according to GCS and/or restoration of the fourth ventricle and the quadrigeminal cistern configurations. Results of treatment were assessed according to the Glasgow outcome scale. RESULTS: Malignant CI occurred more frequently in patients with the volume of ischemia exceeding 20 cm3 (p<0.05) in the first day of the disease. The threshold value of mass effect, which can cause further a malignant CI, was 3 points according to the M. Jauss scale. In the group of patients with malignant CI, surgical treatment reduced the mortality rate from occlusion and dislocation syndrome by 35.8%. The most effective type of intervention was a combination of decompressive trepanation of the posterior cranial fossa and external ventricular drainage. CONCLUSION: In patients with CI with the volume more than 20 cm3 and signs of mass effect in the posterior cranial fossa on the scale of M. Jauss 3 points or more, the malignant course of the disease develops in 67% of cases. These patients require careful monitoring, and, in case of development of malignant CI, surgical treatment is necessary.

[Modeling of hemodynamic changes in the aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery depending on the pathology of the parent artery].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of the parent artery pathology on the local hemodynamics on the level of aneurysm. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mathematical models of the arteriovenous malformation (AVM) were built on the CT-angiography data of real patients. To simulate the thrombosis, the parent artery and its branches were sequentially turned off in the model 1. In the model 2, the simulation of embolization of AVM was achieved by cutting off the exactly section of the parent artery that was involved in the arteriovenous formation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Model 1 showed that the flow redistribution did not significantly impact on the risk of rupture after the parent artery was turned off and blood pressure was increased in both aneurysms by 3 mm Hg. Model 2, in which the aneurysms were combined with a direct arteriovenous drainage with low peripheral resistance, showed that turning off the parent artery and pathological drainage led to the serious reduction in the venous drainage flow and it's increasing in the parent artery by about 60% that significantly increased the risk of rupture.

[Endoscopic surgery of hemorrhagic stroke]. / Éndoskopicheskaia khirurgiia gemorragicheskogo insul'ta.

Objectives. Demonstration and analysis of possibilities of video-endoscopy in the surgical treatment of hypertensive hemorrhages Materials and methods. We analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 35 patients with hypertensive intracranial hematomas which were removed using endoscopic method. Twenty-eight patients had putamen, 3 thalamic, 3 cerebellar and 1 subcortical hematoma; the volume of hematomas ranged from 14 to 84 cm3. Results. Neurological lesions completely disappeared in 7 patients, 6 patients had moderate and 17 severe disability. Five (14%) patients died. Outcome of treatment was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with the level of consciousness before surgery, localization of the hemorrhage, presence and degree of transverse brain dislocation, repeated hemorrhages. Risk factors for poor outcome were depressed consciousness, recurrent hemorrhages, the transverse dislocation >6 mm and deep intracranial hematoma. Conclusions. The efficacy of endoscopic aspiration of hematomas is comparable to open surgical interventions but less traumatic.