ABSTRACT
Lipid emulsion (LE) containing medium/ω-6 long chain triglyceride-based emulsion (MCT/ω-6 LCT LE) has been recommended in the place of ω-6 LCT-based emulsion to prevent impairment of immune function. The impact of MCT/ω-6 LCT LE on lymphocyte and neutrophil death and expression of genes related to inflammation was investigated. Seven volunteers were recruited and infusion of MCT/ω-6 LCT LE was performed for 6 h. Four volunteers received saline and no change was found. Blood samples were collected before, immediately afterwards and 18 h after LE infusion. Lymphocytes and neutrophils were studied immediately after isolation and after 24 and 48 h in culture. The following determinations were carried out: plasma-free fatty acids, triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations, plasma fatty acid composition, neutral lipid accumulation in lymphocytes and neutrophils, signs of lymphocyte and neutrophil death and lymphocyte expression of genes related to inflammation. MCT/ω-6 LCT LE induced lymphocyte and neutrophil death. The mechanism for MCT/ω-6 LCT LE-dependent induction of leucocyte death may involve changes in neutral lipid content and modulation of expression of genes related to cell death, proteolysis, cell signalling, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and transcription.
Subject(s)
Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/pharmacology , Fatty Acids, Omega-6/pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Inflammation/genetics , Leukocytes/cytology , Leukocytes/drug effects , Triglycerides/pharmacology , Adult , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Death/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cholesterol/blood , DNA Fragmentation , Decanoic Acids/blood , Down-Regulation/drug effects , Down-Regulation/genetics , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/chemistry , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/metabolism , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/analysis , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood , Fatty Acids, Omega-6/blood , Fatty Acids, Omega-6/chemistry , Fatty Acids, Omega-6/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation/genetics , Humans , Leukocyte Count , Leukocytes/metabolism , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Lymphocytes/pathology , Male , Necrosis/chemically induced , Necrosis/pathology , Neutrophils/drug effects , Neutrophils/pathology , Palmitic Acids/blood , Stearic Acids/blood , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism , Triglycerides/blood , Triglycerides/chemistry , Triglycerides/metabolism , Up-Regulation/drug effects , Up-Regulation/genetics , Young AdultABSTRACT
We have retrospectively analyzed a series of 155 sequential cases of T1N0M0 ductal carcinomas of which 51 tumors had a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) component for correlation between the presence of DCIS and clinicopathological variables, recurrence and patient survival. No correlations between the presence of DCIS and age, menopausal status, size, estrogen or progesterone receptors were found. High-grade infiltrative tumors tended not to present a DCIS component (P = 0.08). Patients with tumors associated with DCIS form a subgroup with few recurrences (P = 0.003) and good survival (P = 0.008). When tumors were classified by size, an association between large tumors (>1.0 cm) and increased recurrence and shortened overall survival was found. The presence of DCIS in this subgroup significantly reduced the relative risk of death.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Confidence Intervals , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Retrospective Studies , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
We have retrospectively analyzed a series of 155 sequential cases of T1N0M0 ductal carcinomas of which 51 tumors had a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) component for correlation between the presence of DCIS and clinicopathological variables, recurrence and patient survival. No correlations between the presence of DCIS and age, menopausal status, size, estrogen or progesterone receptors were found. High-grade infiltrative tumors tended not to present a DCIS component (P = 0.08). Patients with tumors associated with DCIS form a subgroup with few recurrences (P = 0.003) and good survival (P = 0.008). When tumors were classified by size, an association between large tumors (>1.0 cm) and increased recurrence and shortened overall survival was found. The presence of DCIS in this subgroup significantly reduced the relative risk of death
