ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate test and retest reliability according to examiner experience with the three-dimensional kinematics of the trunk, scapula, and arm segments during flexion and unilateral abduction of the arm. Ten men and 10 women (mean age, 25.1 [1.1] years) participated in this study. Each volunteer participated in six test sessions, four on the first day (two for each examiner) and two on the second day (one for each examiner). A 48-h interval was given between test days. The assessments were made by one examiner with movement analysis experience and a second examiner without experience. For each session (intra-day), the volunteers performed five repetitions of unilateral arm flexions and abductions using their dominant arms. After 1â¯h, the data were re-collected and all markers were replaced. Data from the trunk, scapula, and arm were analysed at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of arm flexion and abduction using intraclass coefficient correlation, standard error of the measurement, and analysis of variance. The results did not differ between the experienced and inexperienced examiners except for trunk axial rotation at all studied angles and for arm rotation at 120° of abduction. The examiner previously trained in movement analysis marker placement demonstrated the same intra-tester reliability as the inexperienced tester when marker placement accuracy was the variable of interest.
Subject(s)
Mechanical Phenomena , Upper Extremity/physiology , Adult , Biomechanical Phenomena , Female , Humans , Male , Movement , Observer Variation , Range of Motion, Articular , Reproducibility of Results , RotationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To measure and compare tibial torsion values as assessed by goniometry and three-dimensional kinematics. In addition, the impact of each one of these measurements on kinematic and kinetic results for normal gait was determined. METHODS: Twenty-three healthy and fully ambulatory patients were assessed, 11 women and 12 men, from 20 to 40 years old. Data were collected at a laboratory for the three-dimensional analysis of movement with 10 cameras and two force plates. Tibial torsion measurements were obtained using goniometry and three-dimensional kinematics based on the Plug-in Gait model. Afterwards, both procedures were compared, and the impact of each result was assessed on the kinematic and kinetic modeling of the knee and ankle. RESULTS: Pearson's linear correlation coefficient (r=0,504) showed a moderate correlation between the three-dimensional kinematics and goniometry, and between the changes in the measurements. Regarding the processed kinematic and kinetic results for every torsion position, no significant differences were noticed among any of the studied variables (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Although statistical correlation among tibial torsion angles by goniometry and three-dimensional kinematic were moderate, kinematic and kinetic analysis of the joints did not reveal any significant changes. Level of Evidence I, Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.
ABSTRACT
Medir e comparar os valores de torção tibial avaliadospor goniometria e cinemática tridimensional. O impacto de cadamedida sobre os resultados cinemáticos e cinéticos para a marchanormal foi determinado. Métodos: Vinte e três pacientes saudáveise independentes para locomoção foram avaliados, 11 mulheres e12 homens, entre 20 a 40 anos de idade. Os dados foram coletadosno Laboratório de Análise do Movimento com 10 câmeras eduas plataformas de força. Medições da torção tibial foram obtidasutilizando a goniometria e a cinemática tridimensional oriunda domodelo de plug-in gait. Posteriormente, ambos os procedimentosforam comparados, e o impacto de cada resultado foi avaliado nacinemática e cinética do joelho e tornozelo. Resultados: o coeficientede correlação linear de Pearson (r = 0,504) mostrou umacorrelação moderada entre a cinemática tridimensional e goniometriae entre as mudanças nas medidas. Em relação aos resultadoscinemáticos e cinéticos processados para cada posiçãode torção, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entrenenhuma das variáveis estudadas (p ≥ 0,05). Conclusão: Apesarde correlação estatística entre os ângulos de torção da tíbia porgoniometria e cinemática tridimensional terem sido moderada, aanálise cinemática e cinética das articulações não revelou altera-ções significativas. Nível de Evidência I, Estudos Diagnósticos- Investigação de Um Exame Para Diagnóstico...
To measure and compare tibial torsion values as assessedby goniometry and three-dimensional kinematics. In addition,the impact of each one of these measurements on kinematic andkinetic results for normal gait was determined. Methods: Twenty--three healthy and fully ambulatory patients were assessed, 11women and 12 men, from 20 to 40 years old. Data were collectedat a laboratory for the three-dimensional analysis of movement with10 cameras and two force plates. Tibial torsion measurementswere obtained using goniometry and three-dimensional kinematicsbased on the Plug-in Gait model. Afterwards, both procedureswere compared, and the impact of each result was assessed onthe kinematic and kinetic modeling of the knee and ankle. Results:Pearsons linear correlation coefficient (r=0,504) showed amoderate correlation between the three-dimensional kinematicsand goniometry, and between the changes in the measurements.Regarding the processed kinematic and kinetic results for everytorsion position, no significant differences were noticed amongany of the studied variables (p≥0.05). Conclusion: Although statisticalcorrelation among tibial torsion angles by goniometry andthree-dimensional kinematic were moderate, kinematic and kineticanalysis of the joints did not reveal any significant changes.Level of Evidence I, Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Torsion Abnormality , Knee Joint , Ankle Joint , Biomechanical Phenomena , Gait , TibiaABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar resultados da cirurgia de transferência distal do músculo reto anterior da coxa em pacientes com paralisia cerebral espástica. A cirurgia foi indicada para melhora do movimento de flexão do joelho durante a fase de balanço da marcha. Métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo 58 pacientes, sendo 31 do sexo masculino (53,4 %) e 27 do feminino (46,5 %). Houve um total de 104 membros operados. A média de idade no pré-operatório foi de 11,1 anos e o exame pós-operatório foi realizado com média de 2,2 anos àpós a cirurgia. Resultados: O pico de flexão do joelho no balanço aumentou em média 9,6°. Entretanto, quando os membros foram divididos de acordo com o pico de flexão pré-operatório, notou-se aumento significativo apenas naqueles com flexão do joelho menor que 50° (aumento de 14,9°). A percentagem do ciclo da marcha em que ocorre o pico de flexão do joelho durante a fase de balanço não apresentou mudança. O arco de movimento do joelho apresentou aumento médio de 6,9°. Não houve aumento na flexão do joelho durante a fase de apoio. A velocidade da marcha não apresentou mudança, enquanto a cadência da marcha diminuiu, após a cirurgia, de 109,9 passos/ min para 106,5 passos/min. O comprimento do passo aumentou em média 2,8cm. Conclusão: A cirurgia não causou efeitos deletérios aos parâmetros de marcha avaliados nesta série e proporcionou aumento na flexão do joelho durante a fase de balanço da marcha.
