ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: International guidelines recommend short- (SABA) or long-acting b-agonists for the prevention of bronchoconstriction after exercise (EIB) in patients with exercise-induced asthma (EIA). However, other drugs are still in discussion for the prevention of EIB. We investigated the efficacy of a combination of inhaled sodium cromoglycate and the ß-mimetic drug reproterol versus inhaled reproterol alone and both versus inhaled placebo in subjects with exercise-induced asthma (EIA). METHODS: The study aimed to prove the preventive effect of a combination of 1-mg reproterol and 2-mg disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and its single components vs. placebo, measuring the decrease of FEV1 after a standardized treadmill test in 11 patients with recorded EIA. The study medication was twice as high as those of drugs which are commercially available (e.g., Allergospasmin®, Aarane®). RESULTS: The results revealed that the combination of reproterol and DSCG was significantly effective against a decrease of FEV1 after a standardized exercise challenge test (ECT) compared to placebo. The short-acting b-agonist reproterol alone had almost the same effectiveness as the combination of reproterol and DNCG. The difference between the combination with DNCG and reproterol alone was less than 10% and insignificant (p 0.48). DNCG alone did not show a difference in the effectiveness compared to placebo. CONCLUSION: Prevention of EIA with the combination of reproterol and DSCG or with reproterol only is effective. An exclusive recommendation in favor of the combination cannot be given due to the low difference in the effectiveness versus reproterol alone. Due to the limited number of subjects and some probands showing protection under DSCG, it cannot be completely excluded that there is some preventive power of DSCG in individual cases.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Agonists/therapeutic use , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use , Asthma, Exercise-Induced/drug therapy , Cromolyn Sodium/therapeutic use , Metaproterenol/analogs & derivatives , Theophylline/analogs & derivatives , Administration, Inhalation , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/adverse effects , Adult , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/adverse effects , Cromolyn Sodium/adverse effects , Cross-Over Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Double-Blind Method , Drug Combinations , Drug Therapy, Combination , Exercise Test , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume/drug effects , Humans , Male , Metaproterenol/adverse effects , Metaproterenol/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Theophylline/adverse effects , Theophylline/therapeutic use , Vital Capacity/drug effects , Young AdultABSTRACT
This case highlights the difficulties associated with the differential diagnosis of pulmonary symptoms in patients with pre-existing diseases in extreme environmental conditions. A 58-year-old man with child-onset allergic asthma developed dyspnoea and an acute non-productive cough during a trekking expedition on Mt. Kilimanjaro (5895m) in Tanzania. The symptoms were believed initially to be linked to the high altitude exposure (high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) or high altitude cough) or his pre-existing asthma. However, he was later diagnosed correctly with a reinfection of Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis is a highly communicable disease with potentially serious medical consequences that could have affected all of the expedition members. The effectiveness of a pertussis vaccine declines 4-12 years after the vaccination. Thus, it is suggested that the status of immunisation against pertussis should be checked along with those of other infections prior to travel.
