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1.
J Gen Virol ; 91(Pt 2): 430-9, 2010 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19828758

ABSTRACT

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a Culicoides-transmitted orbivirus that infects domestic and wild ruminants and is provisionally thought to be distributed throughout Africa, North America, Australia, East Asia and the Middle East. Historically, of the seven proposed serotypes of EHDV, only EHDV-1 and EHDV-2 have been reported from North America. In 2006, EHDV isolates were recovered from moribund or dead white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Indiana and Illinois that could not be identified as either EHDV-1 or EHDV-2 by virus neutralization tests or by serotype-specific RT-PCR. Additional serological and genetic testing identified the isolates as EHDV-6, a serotype that, although originally described from Australia, has recently been recognized as an emerging pathogen of cattle in Morocco, Algeria and Turkey. In 2007 and 2008, EHDV-6 was isolated again from white-tailed deer, this time in Missouri, Kansas and Texas, suggesting that the virus is capable of overwintering and that it may become, or already is, endemic in a geographically widespread region of the USA. Genetic characterization of the virus indicates that it is a reassortant, such that the outer capsid proteins determining serotype specificity (VP2 and VP5) are derived from exotic EHDV-6, whilst the remaining structural and non-structural proteins are apparently obtained from indigenous EHDV-2 (Alberta).


Subject(s)
Deer/virology , Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Epizootic/isolation & purification , RNA, Viral/genetics , Reassortant Viruses/isolation & purification , Recombination, Genetic , Reoviridae Infections/veterinary , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Epizootic/classification , Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Epizootic/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Reassortant Viruses/classification , Reassortant Viruses/genetics , Reoviridae Infections/virology , Sequence Alignment , United States , Viral Proteins/genetics
2.
J Wildl Dis ; 44(2): 351-61, 2008 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18436667

ABSTRACT

Birds in the order Charadriiformes were sampled at multiple sites in the eastern half of the continental USA, as well as at Argentina, Chile, and Bermuda, during 1999-2005, and tested for avian influenza virus (AIV). Of more than 9,400 birds sampled, AIV virus was isolated from 290 birds. Although Ruddy Turnstones (Arenaria interpres) comprised just 25% of birds sampled, they accounted for 87% of isolates. Only eight AIV isolations were made from birds at four locations outside of the Delaware Bay, USA, region; six of these were from gulls (Laridae). At Delaware Bay, AIV isolations were predominated by hemagglutinin (HA) subtype H10, but subtype diversity varied each year. These results suggest that AIV infection among shorebirds (Scolopacidae) may be localized, species specific, and highly variable in relation to AIV subtype diversity.


Subject(s)
Charadriiformes/virology , Influenza A virus/isolation & purification , Influenza in Birds/epidemiology , Animals , Animals, Wild/virology , Demography , Female , Influenza A virus/classification , Influenza A virus/pathogenicity , Influenza in Birds/transmission , Male , Phylogeny , Prevalence , Sentinel Surveillance/veterinary , Species Specificity
3.
Plant Mol Biol ; 47(3): 367-78, 2001 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11587508

ABSTRACT

A new member of the GT-2 family of transcription factors, GmGT-2, was isolated from soybean while screening a cDNA library with a protein binding site (D1) in the promoter of Aux28, a member of the Aux/IAA family of auxin-responsive genes. GmGT-2 possesses various primary amino acid sequence characteristics common to all GT-2 factors thus far isolated, including sequence identity in the twin trihelix DNA-binding domains. Recombinant GmGT-2 expressed in Escherichia coli binds oligotetramers of both D1 and various GT-boxes. However, unlike other known members of the GT-2 family, GmGT-2 message levels are down-regulated by light in a phytochrome-dependent manner. Evidence is presented that the expression levels of Aux28 mRNA are also down-regulated by phytochrome. These results and other referenced data implicate the possible convergence of phytochrome and auxin signaling pathways.


Subject(s)
Glycine max/genetics , Light , Phytochrome/physiology , Transcription Factors/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , DNA, Complementary/chemistry , DNA, Complementary/genetics , DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification , DNA, Plant/chemistry , DNA, Plant/genetics , DNA, Plant/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Down-Regulation , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/radiation effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects , Hypocotyl/genetics , Hypocotyl/growth & development , Hypocotyl/metabolism , Indoleacetic Acids/pharmacology , Molecular Sequence Data , Plant Proteins/drug effects , Plant Proteins/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Protein Binding/radiation effects , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Glycine max/growth & development , Transcription, Genetic
4.
Plant J ; 15(2): 199-209, 1998 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9721678

ABSTRACT

Two separate nuclear binding activities (B1 and B2) in the soybean apical hypocotyl have been identified that interact with a palindromic C-box sequence (TGACGTCA) and which are developmentally regulated in an inverse manner. The bZIP factors responsible for these two binding activities, B1 and B2, were isolated from a cDNA library and designated STGA1 and STFs (STF1 and STF2), respectively. Sequence analysis shows that the STFs contain both a zinc-finger domain and a bZIP domain. The two zinc finger sequences of Cys4-Cys4 are most related to the RING zinc-finger motif carrying a Cys3-His-Cys4. In addition the bZIP domain of STFs is highly homologous to the HY5 protein of Arabidopsis. DNA binding studies revealed that STF1 binding to the TGACGT sequence requires distinct flanking sequences. Furthermore, STF1 binds to the Hex sequence as a heterodimer with G-box binding factors (GBFs), a feature not observed with STGA1. Since STF1 expression is most prevalent in apical and elongating hypocotyls, it is proposed that STF1 may be a transcription factor involved in the process of hypocotyl elongation.


Subject(s)
DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Glycine max/metabolism , Soybean Proteins , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors , Binding Sites , DNA, Complementary , DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Dimerization , G-Box Binding Factors , Gene Library , Leucine Zippers , Molecular Sequence Data , Nuclear Proteins/chemistry , Nuclear Proteins/metabolism , Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Transcription Factors/chemistry , Zinc Fingers
5.
Plant Mol Biol ; 21(6): 1147-62, 1993 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8490133

ABSTRACT

The promoter region of a soybean auxin-responsive gene, GmAux28, was analyzed to identify protein-binding DNA sequences that may be involved in regulation of expression. Using DNase I footprinting and gel mobility shift assays, multiple regions of interaction, including eight major protein-binding sites, were observed in the GmAux28 gene. Two sequence motifs, TGACGACA and TCCACGTGTC, related to as-1/Hex and G-box elements, respectively, found in several plant promoters, were identified. Four distinct A/T-rich domains were identified; such A/T-rich domains appear to modulate, but not to specify, the expression of many genes. Two new sequence motifs, delta-1 (D1) and delta-4 (D4) were also identified. D1 and D4 share a very similar core sequence, TAGTxxCTGT and TAGTxCTGT, respectively. In gel mobility shift analyses, D1 and D4 elements exhibit a complex interaction of binding proteins. The GmAux22 promoter also contains D1-related elements which compete with the GmAux28 elements. Sequence comparisons have identified D1/D4-like sequences in several other auxin-responsive genes suggesting the possible importance of D1/D4 and the respective binding proteins in the regulation of expression of these genes.


Subject(s)
DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , Genes, Plant , Glycine max/genetics , Indoleacetic Acids/physiology , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Base Sequence , Binding Sites , DNA/metabolism , Molecular Sequence Data , Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
6.
Plant Mol Biol ; 15(4): 623-32, 1990 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2102379

ABSTRACT

Two genes from Arabidopsis thaliana related to the auxin-inducible Aux28 and Aux22 genes of soybean have been isolated. These genes belong to a small multi-gene family and are similar to the soybean Aux gene family in the sequence of the predicted proteins, intron/exon locations, and auxin-enhanced expression of their transcripts. Application of auxin to 8-day old Arabidopsis plants, 4-day old etiolated seedlings, and suspension culture cells all resulted in enhanced Aux transcript levels. Comparison of the promoter sequences from the soybean and Arabidopsis genes yielded no significant sequence conservation; however, three regions of near sequence identity are present between the two Arabidopsis Aux genes.


Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation , Genes, Plant , Indoleacetic Acids/physiology , Multigene Family , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Blotting, Northern , Blotting, Southern , Cells, Cultured , DNA , Indoleacetic Acids/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Plants/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Sequence Alignment , Glycine max/genetics
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