Immediate implant in the esthetic zone: clinical and CBCT follow-up of peri-implant tissues / Implante imediato em região estética: acompanhamento clínico e tomográfico dos tecidos peri-implantares

Technological advances in implant dentistry have substantially increased the number of rehabilitations of patients with immediate esthetic needs, particularly when the use of removable prosthesis during osseointegration does not meet patient expectations and demands. The placement of dental implants and the adequate immediate provisionalization should ensure high-quality functional and esthetic results and a good prognosis. However, questions remain about whether rehabilitation should be immediate in case of fresh sockets, particularly when the gingival phenotype is unfavorable. This report describes a clinical case of extraction of teeth #11 and #21, immediate dental implant placement and placement of a provisional using the crown of the natural teeth freshly extracted. Results are compared with findings reported in recent studies, and the ideal treatment to maintain gingival architecture is discussed.

Os avanços tecnológicos na Implantodontia fizeram com que as reabilitações de pacientes com necessidade estética imediata tivessem um crescimento exponencial nos últimos anos, especialmente em situações onde a utilização de restaurações protéticas removíveis durante o período de osseointegração não contemplam o nível de exigência e a expectativa do paciente. A instalação de um implante osseointegrável e a sua adequada provisionalização imediata devem ser feitas com elevada qualidade a fim de se colaborar com as questões funcionais e estéticas para um bom prognóstico. Todavia, questionamentos se estabelecem no momento em que a resolução imediata do caso deva ser feita em alvéolo fresco pós-exodontia, especialmente em situações de fenótipo gengival desfavorável. Assim sendo, este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um caso clínico onde se realizou a exodontia dos dentes 11 e 21, a inserção imediata de implantes osseointegráveis e a provisionalização com a coroa dos dentes naturais recém-extraídos, comparando com a literatura atual, a condição ideal de reabilitação desses casos para manutenção da arquitetura gengival inicial.

Severe odontogenic infection: past or reality? a case series report / Infecções odontogênicas severas: passado ou realidade? relatos de casos clínicos

Odontogenic infection is still a reality of the oral cavity, consequence of lack of access to preventive odontology, of bad treatment when the case is at the beginning or of ignorance about the complication associated to this infection. In this context, moderate and severe infection is a common occurrence in Clinical Dentistry, where septic tooth infection in patients with or without systemic alterations may lead to surgical procedures which are expensive for the public and private health system. The goal of this article is to present a series of clinical cases of odontogenic infection (moderate and/or severe) treated in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery hospitals, presenting and discussing the many immediate and mediate forms of treatment, and also the possibility of preventive care.

As infecções odontogênicas ainda são uma realidade no universo dos processos infecciosos da cavidade bucal, sendo consequentes às dificuldades de acesso à Odontologia preventiva ou pela má condução clínica quando o caso ainda está em fase inicial e, ainda, por desconhecimento das complicações associadas a estas infecções. Neste contexto, situações de infecções moderadas a severas ocorrem diariamente nos serviços de Odontologia Hospitalar, onde a manutenção de dentes sépticos por longos períodos podem levar, em pacientes com ou sem alterações sistêmicas, a tratamentos cirúrgico-medicamentosos de elevado custo para o sistema público e privado. Dessa forma, este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma série de casos clínicos de infecções odontogênicas (moderadas e/ou graves) tratados em serviços hospitalares de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais, apresentando e discutindo as diversas formas de tratamento imediata e mediata, como também, as possibilidades de cuidados prévios ao seu acometimento.

Analysis of the repair of bone defects filled with ß-tricalcium phosphate associated to pure titanium implants / Análise do reparo de defeitos ósseos preenchidos com ß-Tricálcio Fosfato associado a implantes de titânio

Objective: The present study aims to develop a histolo-gical descriptive analysis on the repair of bone defects filled with ?-TCP, associated to pure titanium implants into cavities prepared in the calvarial bone of rats. Ma-terials and method: Eighteen male adult rats were ran-domly selected and divided into three groups of six rats each, according to their period of death: 15, 30, and 60 days. Four bone defects were made into each one of the calvarial bones of rats and filled with: (a) ?-TCP, (b) clot, (c) ?-TCP + pure titanium screw, and (d) pure titanium screw. The samples were cut and histologically assessed. Presence and volume of loose connective tis-sue and newly formed bone tissue were analyzed, as well as the presence or absence of remaining material (?-TCP) into the defect. Results: It was verified an acce-leration bone neoformation process in the presence of ?-TCP. Conclusion: The results suggest the biocompa-tibility and osteoconductivity of the biomaterial, even when associated to pure titanium implants.

Preservação da arquitetura gengival em região estética com extração e colocação imediata do implante osseointegrável após traumatismo dentário: um ano de acompanhamento com tomografia de feixe cônico / Preservation of gingival architecture in the esthetic region after tooth trauma, extraction, and immediate implant placement: CBCT one-year follow-up results

Este artigo buscou demonstrar um caso clínico de fratura radicular de um incisivo central superior direito (dente 11) após traumatismo dentário, no qual se realizou a exodontia daquele elemento, inserção de um implante osseointegrável e provisionalização imediata através da coroa natural do dente fraturado, realizando-se o diagnóstico e o acompanhamento do caso por meio de tomografia computadorizada cone-beam. Pode-se notar que a possibilidade do uso de provisórios realizados imediatamente após a extração com a coroa natural do dente perdido alia a manutenção das características gengivais e dentárias. Além disso, o controle por meio do uso de TCCB possibilitou a avaliação pós-operatória, onde se notou a manutenção do tecido ósseo vestibular mesmo sem o uso de enxertia óssea nessa região, neste caso, tendo-se o gap menor do que 2 mm.

This article illustrates a case report with trauma and root fracture at the maxillary central incisor (11) followed by extraction and immediate provisionalization using the own patient´s natural tooth crown. This treatment modality allows for maintenance of the gingival and dental characteristics. Besides, the use of CBCT in the postoperative phase demonstrated that the bone tissue was preserved without grafting in a gap area with less than 2 mm.

Correction of facial asymmetry resulting from hemimandibular hyperplasia: surgical steps to the esthetic result.

Hemimandibular hyperplasia is a facial deformity in which there is an increase in the condyle, neck of the condyle or ramus, and an occlusal cant. Different surgical treatments are proposed in the literature, from simple low or high condylectomy to more complex procedures combining osteotomies in different sites of the mandible. Surgical procedure is defined by the scintigraphic diagnosis of activity or inactivity in the center of condylar growth. The case report describes a 35-year-old female patient with hemimandibular hyperplasia on the left side with inactivity of condylar growth, successfully treated with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy associated with a basilar osteotomy in form of "L" on the affected side. The surgical technique was easily executed, with an improvement in function, aesthetics, and patient satisfaction. Correction of facial asymmetry caused by excessive growth of the mandible using this basilar osteotomy in the form of "L" combined with bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy proved to be a relatively simple technique of easy execution with a low risk of nerve damage.

Implant handpiece with adapted drills in orthognathic surgery: preventing facial scars.

The attachment of bilateral sagittal-split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus with bicortical screws or the combination of miniplates and a bicortical screw is complicated through the intraoral approach because of the angle required for insertion of screws, so it is necessary to use a trocater. This article aimed to report a technique developed and used in 60 patients, wherein an implant handpiece with adapted drills was used in the intraoral attachment. The setting was performed intraorally to prevent scarring and extraoral facial nerve damage, which may be caused by extraoral and transbuccal approaches routinely performed when using the trocater. The versatility of the handpiece implant allows for the insertion of monocortical and bicortical screws and rigid internal fixation of mandibular sagittal-split osteotomy, as well as surgical time reduction, decreasing postoperative morbidity.

Pharyngeal airway changes in Class III patients treated with double jaw orthognathic surgery--maxillary advancement and mandibular setback.

PURPOSE: The pharyngeal airway may change after skeletal movement in patients who have undergone orthognathic surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and pharyngeal airway changes in subjects with a Class III facial pattern who underwent double-jaw surgery (maxillary advancement and mandibular setback). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present retrospective study assessed preoperative (T0), 2- to 4-month postoperative (T1), and 6- to 12-month postoperative (T2) radiographs of subjects with a Class III facial pattern treated at São Lucas Hospital (Porto Alegre, Brazil) using imaging software (Dolphin Imaging 3D 11.5). Five measurements of the pharyngeal airway space (nasopharynx; upper, middle, and lower oropharynges; hypopharynx) were evaluated and correlated with the skeletal movement of the jaws (lines perpendicular to the Frankfurt horizontal plane passing through the nasion point to points A and B). The Student t test for paired samples was used to assess the presence of significant differences between the intervals, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess the significant correlation existing between the skeletal movement and the pharyngeal airway changes. The results were considered at a maximum level of significance of 5% (P < .05). RESULTS: In the sample of 58 subjects (38 female and 20 male, 18 to 48 years old), measurements of the nasopharynx, upper oropharynx, and middle oropharynx increased, whereas measurements of the lower oropharynx and hypopharynx decreased during these periods (T0 to T1, T0 to T2). Decreases from T1 to T2 in the measurements of the nasopharynx and upper oropharynx were also identified. A correlation between the jaw movements and the change in airway measurement was found between the line perpendicular to the Frankfurt horizontal plane passing through the nasion point to point A and the nasopharynx and between the line perpendicular to the Frankfurt horizontal plane passing through the nasion point to point B and the lower oropharynx for T0 to T1 and T0 to T2. CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between skeletal movements and changes in the measurements of pharyngeal airway was found between maxillary advancement and the nasopharynx, with proportions of 102.8% and 85.5% in the short and medium terms, respectively, and between mandibular setback and the low oropharynx, with proportions of 44.8% and 43.5% in the short and medium terms. A correlation for pharyngeal airway measurements was found between those located anatomically near each other, showing the importance of the pharyngeal muscles in this relation.

Embolization of pseudoaneurysm of the internal maxillary artery after orthognathic surgery.

In orthognathic surgery, Le Fort I osteotomy is one of the most often used methods for the correction of dental-facial deformities and is considered technically safe. However, this procedure may lead to diverse complications, including uncommon vascular complications. A clinical case is described of late development of pseudoaneurysm in one of the branches of the maxillary artery in a 20-year-old patient who had undergone Le Fort I osteotomy, bilateral sagittal osteotomy of mandibular branch, and mentoplasty and subsequently treated with embolization. The main forms of treating vascular injuries are reviewed, and embolization is demonstrated to be a technically safe procedure with few complications.

Self-drilling and self-tapping screws: an ultrastructural study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to compare self-drilling and self-tapping screws with regard to bone contact and the production of bone debris using scanning electron microscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three New Zealand rabbit calvariae were used. Self-tapping and self-drilling screws were inserted into the outer surface of the skull with and without saline solution irrigation. All screws were 5 mm in length and were inserted until their tips projected through the endosteal side. Sixteen screws were used--8 with a head diameter of 1.5 mm and 8 with 2.0 mm. All self-tapping screws were inserted through a drill bit hole (1.6 mm for 2.0-mm screws and 1.3 mm for 1.5-mm screws). RESULTS: There was no damage to the screws after insertion. Bone damage occurred when irrigation was not used during the installment of the self-tapping screws. Bone debris formed during the installment of the self-drilling screws, which is considered beneficial. CONCLUSIONS: Because the insertion of self-drilling screws is performed with manual pressure, irrigation is not essential. Unlike the drilling that occurs with self-tapping screw, the bone debris formed with self-drilling screws is not the result of the heat generated, but rather the result of biologically active bone tissue capable of reacting with the screw and improving its performance. The animal model used proved highly appropriate for comparisons with human beings because the bone structures of the head have the same density and thickness.

Use of autologous fat graft for correction of facial asymmetry stemming from Parry-Romberg syndrome.

Facial hemiatrophy is a typical manifestation of Parry-Romberg syndrome, characterized by a slow progressive atrophy that appears in early stages of life, primarily affecting the subcutaneous tissue and subjacent fat on 1 side of the face. We describe the case of a 42-year-old female patient with stabilized moderate facial hemiatrophy on the left side of the face, successfully treated with a 2-stage autologous fat transplant and the use of subcutaneous tunnels among the musculature for the placement of the graft. We also describe the principal forms of correcting facial asymmetry in patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome and demonstrate that an autologous fat graft provides good results in the correction of this deformity, with improved esthetics and patient satisfaction.