ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recent data on the teaching of "spirituality and health" (S/H) in medical schools are needed. In this study, we aimed to investigate the current status of S/H teaching in Brazilian medical schools, the opinions of medical directors/deans on this topic and the factors associated with its incorporation into the curriculum. METHODS: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2021. Information concerning the S/H content in the curricula of medical schools was obtained through medical school representatives and other sources. Medical school representatives were asked about their opinions of and barriers to S/H teaching. Regression models were used to evaluate the factors associated with the incorporation of such content into the curriculum. RESULTS: Information on the incorporation of S/H content in medical curricula was retrieved from different sources for all 342 (100%) Brazilian medical schools. Among the representatives, 150 (43.9%) completed the online form. An increase in the S/H content in Brazilian medical schools was observed (from 40% to 2011 to 65.5% in 2021). Most medical school representatives agreed that this issue is important in medical training and that more space in the curriculum is needed. However, they also observed several barriers, such as a lack of knowledge of medical teachers/faculty, a lack of time, and the topic not being included in teaching plans. The most important factors that influenced the incorporation of S/H teaching in medical schools and representatives' opinions were a lack of time and knowledge, professor preparedness and standardized national competency requirements. CONCLUSION: These results could help medical educators rethink the incorporation of S/H content into their curricula.
Subject(s)
Schools, Medical , Spirituality , Humans , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Curriculum , Surveys and Questionnaires , TeachingABSTRACT
This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, including clinical studies in which one of the outcomes was semen parameter improvement after varicocele embolization using coils only. The objective of the review was to assess the evidence on the role of embolization using coils alone for semen parameter improvement in men with varicocele, since embolization using coils is the most cost-effective method of varicocele repair. Study quality was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). Out of six retrospective and two prospective observational or comparative clinical studies involving 701 patients, semen concentration improved significantly in all five studies that assessed this parameter. Mean semen motility improved significantly in seven studies. The impact of embolization on semen density could not be analyzed.
Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática conduzida de acordo com o PRISMA 2009 (Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Metanálises) que incluiu estudos em que a melhora dos parâmetros seminais tenha sido um dos desfechos. Esta revisão foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar as evidências sobre o papel da embolização com uso apenas de molas na melhora de parâmetros seminais em homens com varicocele, uma vez que a embolização apenas com molas é o método com melhor custo-benefício para o reparo de varicoceles. A qualidade dos estudos foi analisada com o índice MINORS. Em seis estudos clínicos retrospectivos e em outros dois prospectivos observacionais ou comparativos, a concentração seminal melhorou significativamente em todos os cinco estudos que avaliaram esse parâmetro. A motilidade seminal melhorou significativamente em sete estudos. Não foi possível analisar o impacto da embolização com molas na densidade seminal.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Evidence shows that religiosity and spirituality (R/S) are highly used in critical moments of life and that these beliefs are associated with clinical outcomes. However, further studies are needed to assess these beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic. AIMS: To evaluate the use of R/S during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and to investigate the association between R/S and the mental health consequences of social isolation. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in May 2020. Online surveys were carried out assessing sociodemographics, R/S measures, and social isolation characteristics and mental health consequences (hopefulness, fear, worrying and sadness). Adjusted regression models were used. RESULTS: A total of 485 participants were included from all regions of Brazil. There was a high use of religious and spiritual beliefs during the pandemic and this use was associated with better mental health outcomes. Lower levels of worrying were associated with greater private religious activities (OR = 0.466, CI 95%: 0.307-0.706), religious attendance (OR = 0.587, CI 95%: 0.395-0.871), spiritual growth (OR = 0.667, CI 95%: 0.448-0.993) and with an increase in religious activities (OR = 0.660, CI 95%: 0.442-0.986); lower levels of fear were associated with greater private religious activities (OR = 0.632, CI 95%: 0.422-0.949) and spiritual growth (OR = 0.588, CI 95%: 0.392-0.882) and, lower levels of sadness (OR = 0.646, CI 95%: 0.418-0.997) were associated with spiritual growth. Finally, hope was associated with all R/S variables in different degrees (ranging from OR = 1.706 to 3.615). CONCLUSIONS: R/S seem to have an important role on the relief of suffering, having an influence on health outcomes and minimizing the consequences of social isolation. These results highlight the importance of public health measures that ensure the continuity of R/S activities during the pandemic and the training of healthcare professionals to address these issues.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pandemics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Mental Health , Religion , SARS-CoV-2 , Social Isolation , SpiritualityABSTRACT
Abstract This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, including clinical studies in which one of the outcomes was semen parameter improvement after varicocele embolization using coils only. The objective of the review was to assess the evidence on the role of embolization using coils alone for semen parameter improvement in men with varicocele, since embolization using coils is the most cost-effective method of varicocele repair. Study quality was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS). Out of six retrospective and two prospective observational or comparative clinical studies involving 701 patients, semen concentration improved significantly in all five studies that assessed this parameter. Mean semen motility improved significantly in seven studies. The impact of embolization on semen density could not be analyzed.
Resumo Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática conduzida de acordo com o PRISMA 2009 (Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Metanálises) que incluiu estudos em que a melhora dos parâmetros seminais tenha sido um dos desfechos. Esta revisão foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar as evidências sobre o papel da embolização com uso apenas de molas na melhora de parâmetros seminais em homens com varicocele, uma vez que a embolização apenas com molas é o método com melhor custo-benefício para o reparo de varicoceles. A qualidade dos estudos foi analisada com o índice MINORS. Em seis estudos clínicos retrospectivos e em outros dois prospectivos observacionais ou comparativos, a concentração seminal melhorou significativamente em todos os cinco estudos que avaliaram esse parâmetro. A motilidade seminal melhorou significativamente em sete estudos. Não foi possível analisar o impacto da embolização com molas na densidade seminal.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Young Adult , Varicocele/therapy , Embolization, Therapeutic/instrumentation , Reference Values , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Semen AnalysisABSTRACT
Popliteal artery pseudoaneurysms are rare and are generally associated with local trauma, such as orthopaedic surgery or expansile bone lesions in the popliteal fossa. The authors describe a case of popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm in a 24-year-old man. A thorough workup revealed no history of trauma, invasive procedures, vasculitis or any other factors that could constitute a probable cause of the pseudoaneurysm. However, as the patient practices running, it is not possible to rule out minor previous trauma that has not been noticed.
Subject(s)
Aneurysm, False/surgery , Endovascular Procedures , Popliteal Artery/surgery , Aneurysm, False/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Popliteal Artery/diagnostic imaging , Young AdultABSTRACT
Com o avanço da modernidade, asprofissões da saúde focam seus estudos em doenças isoladas, deixando, via de regra,a experiência do adoecido de lado. Oobjetivo deste estudo foiapreender como um grupode idosos explica a causalidade dasdoençascrônicasque acometem tais idosos.Trata-se deum estudo qualitativorealizado com 54 participantes, usuários de planos de saúde, moradores das cidades de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro.Ogrupo entrevistado aponta a interação de vários modelos de causalidade, o que leva a pensar em uma construção cultural comum, um modelo explanatório sobre a causalidade dasdoenças crônicas que os vêm afetando.
With the advancement of modernity, health professions focus their studies on isolated diseases, leaving the experience of the diseasedto the side. The aim of this study was to learn how a group of elderly people explain the causality of the chronic diseases that affect them. This is a qualitative study conducted with 54 elders, health insurance users, residents of the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The interviewed group points to the interaction of various causal models, which leads to the thought of a common cultural construction, an explanatory model about the causality of the chronic diseases that affect them.
Con el avance de la modernidad, las profesiones de la salud centran sus estudios en enfermedades aisladas, dejando de lado la experiencia de la persona enferma. El objetivo de este estudio fue aprender cómo un grupo de personas mayores explica la causalidad de las enfermedades crónicas que los afectan. Este es un estudio cualitativo, realizado con 54 ancianos, usuarios de seguros de salud, residentes de las ciudades de São Paulo y Río de Janeiro. El grupo entrevistado señala la interacción de varios modelos causales, lo que lleva a pensar en una construcción cultural común, un modelo explicativo sobre la causalidad de las enfermedades crónicas que los afectan.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chronic Disease , Causality , Socioeconomic Factors , Aging , Prepaid Health Plans , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
As medicinas complementares são um conjunto de práticas que não pertencem ao escopo da medicina convencional, que tem por finalidade ampliar o cuidado integral do ser humano. Esta pesquisa traz um estudo qualitativo que analisa a utilização de práticas complementares por um grupo de idosos vinculados a um plano de saúde, nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Todos os entrevistados procuraram as práticas complementares sem, contudo, abandonar o serviço biomédico, constituindo assim, um rico itinerário terapêutico.
Complementary medicines are a set of practices that do not belong to the scope of conventional medicine, whose purpose is to expand the integral care of the human being. This research presents a qualitative study that analyzes the use of complementary practices by a group of elderly people linked to a health plan, in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. All interviewees sought complementary practices without, however, abandoning the biomedical service, thus constituting a rich therapeutic itinerary.
Complementary medicines are a set of practices that do not belong to the scope of conventional medicine, whose purpose is to expand the integral care of the human being. This research presents a qualitative study that analyzes the use of complementary practices by a group of elderly people linked to a health plan, in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. All interviewees sought complementary practices without, however, abandoning the biomedical service, thus constituting a rich therapeutic itinerary.
