[Arterial vascularization of the amygdaloid nucleus in man and in sheep]. / Vascularisation artérielle du noyau amygdalien chez l'homme et le mouton.

These present studies, performed on human adult brains and on sheep with injection method, have shown that the amygdaloid nucleus has its special, separate and rich arterial system. The main source of its vascularization both in the human and sheep brains are 1-3 branches of the proximate segment of the middle cerebral artery. The supplementary source is formed by the deep ramifications of the superficial arterioles of the middle cerebral artery as well approximately by the small branches of the anterior choroidal artery. Each of these arterioles distributes and supplies only the amygdaloid nucleus and does not form precapillary anastomoses.

Comparative anatomy of arterial vascularization of the rhinencephalon in man, cat and sheep.

The aim of this study was anatomical and comparative examination of arterial vascularization of the rhinencephalon in man and in macrosmatic mammals. The studies were performed by the own injection method on 27 human brains and 27 animal ones. The cerebral arteries were injected with synthetic colored latex and then prepared in an operating microscope. It was found, that the structure, topography and vascular areas of arteries supplying the rhinencephalon in man and animals are different. Contrary to the human rhinencephalon, strongly developed rhinencephalon in cat and sheep possess its own separate arterial pattern composed of special arteries for each regions of paleocortex, supplying the olfactory bulb and lobe. In the cat and sheep brains, the region corresponding to the human anterior perforated substance comprises the greater rhinencephalon surface. It includes the olfactory tubercle and sulcus between the olfactory and pyriform lobes. Extracerebral segments of the internal arterioles of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries in man and animals have different topography and courses. In the human brain, the studied arterioles originate from the maternal arteries with singular trunks or vascular pedicles and then enter directly the anterior perforated substance. In the cat and sheep brain they derive in two forms: as trunks divided into cortical branches of the olfactory lobe running on the olfactory tubercle surface and penetrating it, as well as singular trunks that enter the brain just over the maternal arteries. In contrary to the extracerebral segments of the anterior perforating arteries in man, analogical arterioles in the cat and sheep brains form numerous anastomoses. Thus, they create anatomical conditions for collateral circulation.

Comparative study of arterial vascularization of the amygdaloid body in man and sheep.

The aim of this study was anatomical and comparative examination of vascular sources and angioarchitecture of the amygdaloid body in adult man and sheep. The studies were carried out using own injection method. The cerebral arteries filled with synthetic many-colored latex were dissected under an operating microscope. It was found that the main source of vascularization of the amygdaloid body, both in the human and sheep brains, is formed by 1-3 branches originating from the proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery. The supplementary sources are singular small branches of the anterior choroidal artery. Each of these arborescent arterioles distributes and supplies only the amygdaloid body and does not penetrate into the surrounding white matter. Their courses and topography do not create anatomical conditions for collateral circulation. Obtained results indicate also that the amygdaloid body, as a unit structure of the cerebral gray matter, possesses its own, separate and well developed arterial system.

Comparative anatomy of the arterial vascularization of the hippocampus in man and in experimental animals (cat, rabbit and sheep).

The studies were performed by the authors' injection method on 30 human brains and 80 animal ones. The cerebral arteries were injected with synthetic coloured latex and then prepared in an operating microscope. It was found that the main source of arterial supply of both the human and animal hippocampus is the posterior cerebral artery. However, this artery has different origins in the arterial circle of the brain in man, cat, rabbit and sheep. Comparative investigations have also proved that the hippocampal vascular system in man and animals is very similar. It is formed by branches of the posterior cerebral artery and of the anterior choroidal artery, called the hippocampal arteries, and by numerous internal hippocampal arterioles arising from them at right angle. The regional distribution of these arterioles is impossible to describe because of their variable course in the hippocampal cortex and of the similar vascularization of different cortical areas of the hippocampus. The studies have also shown that the hippocampal arterial system is very well developed and makes collateral circulation possible. Extracerebral segments of the hippocampal arterioles in human senile brains, and chiefly in brains with atherosclerosis, showed different deformations in the form of siphon-like structures, knot-loops and vascular glomeruli.