ABSTRACT
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum of severe cutaneous drug reactions) are believed to have distinct underlying pathophysiologies. Our patient, a 28-year-old Chinese woman, represents the first known reported case of clinically-consistent and histologically-proven acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis and toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap induced by carbamazepine in the English literature.
Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Carbamazepine/adverse effects , Drug Eruptions/etiology , Exanthema/chemically induced , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/chemically induced , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/etiology , Adult , Drug Eruptions/pathology , Exanthema/pathology , Female , Humans , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/pathology , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/pathologyABSTRACT
This is the first report on the ultrastructure of the Endolimax nana cyst. These cysts are mostly ovoid in shape and have a distinct cyst wall measuring 80 nm. The nuclear membrane is without pores or associated chromatin deposits. The cytoplasm does not have mitochondria or a Golgi apparatus but shows elongated tubular structures made up of a double row of ribosome-like particles. The nature and function of this structure is not known, but it appears to be characteristic of this species and has not been reported from any other intestinal ameba.
Subject(s)
Amebiasis/parasitology , Endolimax/growth & development , Endolimax/ultrastructure , Animals , Humans , Microscopy, Electron , Nuclear Envelope/ultrastructure , Organelles/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Scanning electron microscopy of Blastocystis hominis showed that its outer coat has a fibrillar structure and individual fibrils may extend up to 5 microm from the periphery of the parasite. The surface coat remains intact during cell division. Bacteria are often seen adhering to it, but for the first time a trophozoite of Chilomastix mesnili was also seen in this position. It is postulated that breakdown of attached organisms may provide nutrients for Blastocystis.
Subject(s)
Blastocystis hominis/ultrastructure , Animals , Blastocystis Infections/parasitology , Feces/parasitology , Humans , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
We have developed a transformation system which uses autonomous replicating plasmids for a methylotrophic yeast, Candida boidinii. Two autonomous replication sequences, CARS1 and CARS2, were newly cloned from the genome of C. boidinii. Plasmids having both a CARS fragment and the C. boidinii URA3 gene transformed C. boidinii ura3 cells to Ura+ phenotype at frequencies of up to 10(4) CFU/micrograms of DNA. From Southern blot analysis, CARS plasmids seemed to exist in polymeric forms as well as in monomeric forms in C. boidinii cells. The C. boidinii URA3 gene was overexpressed in C. boidinii on these CARS vectors. CARS1 and CARS2 were found to function as an autonomous replicating element in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well. Different portions of the CARS1 sequence were needed for autonomous replicating activity in C. boidinii and S. cerevisiae. C. boidinii could also be transformed with vectors harboring a CARS fragment and the S. cerevisiae URA3 gene.