Subject(s)
Education, Dental/history , History of Dentistry , Oral Medicine/history , Curriculum , France , Germany , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Oral Medicine/education , Periodicals as Topic/history , Schools, Dental/history , Societies, Dental/history , Spain , United Kingdom , United StatesSubject(s)
Dental Care for Aged , Dental Care for Disabled , Mouth Diseases/epidemiology , Aged , HumansSubject(s)
Oral Health , Public Health Dentistry , Child , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Fluoridation , Humans , Medically Underserved Area , SpainABSTRACT
PIP: A survey was carried out in a group of 98 prostitutes which included medical examinations and laboratory controls. Most of the group were white, single ages 19-30 years, and originating from the Pais Vasco or surrounding areas. While the largest percentage were from the urban areas, a high number were from rural areas. Most of them owned large houses which had good sanitation. Family relations were good in general but the families in question were not aware of the prostitutes occupations. Characteristically, many in these families suffered from cirrhosis, alcohol problems, and psychiatric disturbances, as well as drug-related difficulties. While many of the study subjects once the economic factor is what led them to their present profession of prostitution. On the average, they had sexual relations 3-5 times/day and their lifestyle was conducive to substantial geographic mobility. Most are not covered by social security and as a group, they show a high index of hospitalization and a low index of medical visits. Oral contraceptives are the most commonly used method of contraception but many use no method at all. The most frequent pathology observed throughout the group is in the form of sexually transmitted diseases and allergic reactions to drugs. (author's modified)^ieng
Subject(s)
Health Surveys , Sex Work , Adult , Attitude , Contraception , Family , Female , Humans , Life Style , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Social Security , Socioeconomic Factors , Spain , Surveys and QuestionnairesSubject(s)
Smoking , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Attitude , Child , Family , Female , Habits , Humans , Male , Smoking Prevention , Spain , StudentsABSTRACT
A water-soluble splenic factor, which produces a contractile response of the guinea-pig ileum, that is resistant to cholinoceptor and adrenoceptor antagonists is described. The ileal contractions elicited by the splenic extract showed some significant differences from those elicited by 5-hydroxytryptamine. The responses to splenic extract were not affected by the D-tryptamine-receptor antagonist, methysergide. The effect of the splenic extract on the guinea-pig ileum was similar to that of histamine. The H1-histamine antagonists, (+)-chloropheniramine and diphenhydramine, caused a parallel shift to the right of the splenic extract dose-response curve without suppression of the maximum response. A pA2 value of 8.97 +/- 0.03 for (+)-chloropheniramine and 7.55 +/- 0.1 for diphenhydramine was calculated. Significant histamine levels, as determined by fluorometric methods, could not be detected in the splenic extract. Likewise, the splenic factor did not release histamine from the intestinal preparation. These results support the view that: (i) the splenic factor acts through H1-histamine receptors; (ii) it is not histamine; (iii) it does not have any histamine releasing effect on the ileal smooth muscle.
Subject(s)
Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Muscle, Smooth/drug effects , Receptors, Histamine H1/physiology , Receptors, Histamine/physiology , Spleen/analysis , Tissue Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Cattle , Diphenhydramine/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Guinea Pigs , Histamine/analysis , Ileum/physiology , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Methysergide/pharmacology , Tissue Extracts/analysisABSTRACT
Adrenalectomy and/or cortisol-induced variations in the in vivo and in vitro incorporation of 14C-palmitic acid 1 into the different fractions of rat liver lipids were studied. The different fatty acids incorporations follow analogous patterns in every hormonal state in vitro. Incorporation rate is faster in normal animals, but adrenalectomy or the administration of cortisol produces a marded delay. Cortisol does not modify the anomalism observed in the adrenoprival state. In vivo, the incorporation of palmitic acid into the different liver lipids--for the same hormonal state--does not follow the same pattern.
Subject(s)
Hydrocortisone/metabolism , Lipids/biosynthesis , Liver/metabolism , Palmitic Acids/metabolism , Adrenalectomy , Animals , Carbon Radioisotopes , RatsABSTRACT
The hepatic concentration of triglycerides, free fatty acids and total lipids was determined in four groups of rats: normals, adrenectomized and normal and adrenectomized previously treated with cortisol, 30 mg. In chronic adrenectomized state, total lipids and hepatic triglycerides are diminished, particularly the triglycerides. Adrenectomy does not appear to have significative effect on the free fatty acids. The administration of cortisol does not change those observations and, when given to normal animals, decreases the hepatic concentrations of free fatty acids, triglycerides and total lipids.
Subject(s)
Adrenalectomy , Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism , Hydrocortisone/administration & dosage , Lipid Metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Triglycerides/metabolism , Animals , Injections, Intramuscular , RatsABSTRACT
The effect of cortisol on the levels of free and sterified cholesterol in the livers of normal and adrenectomized rats has been studied. The results indicate that cortisol enhances those lipids in plasma and decreases their level in the liver.
