ABSTRACT
In this study, it was aimed to determine the reliable morphometric data of the important bone structures on skull base using MDCT and to establish the differences of these data according to sex and lateralization. This study was retrospectively carried out on MDCT images in the Radiology Department of Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University. We evaluated the images of the 100 (male 50 female 50) adult subjects without cranial trauma, surgery, and any deformity of the bone. The height and anteroposterior diameter of the hypophysial fossa (HFheight, HFanteroposterior), the length of the occipital condylus, anterior and posterior intercondylar distances (OCn, AID, PID); sagittal diameter, transverse diameter and area of the foramen magnum (FMsgt, FMtrn, FMarea) were all measured. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS. The summary of the data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Student's t test was used to compare the male-female and right-left measurements. The relation betweeen parameters was evaluated by Pearson's correlation test. It was observed that right and left data in all parameters were higher in males than females. Higher values were usually determined on the right side in both sexes. In both sexes, some parameters were highly correlated (P<0.001). We believe that the results of this study may be useful for new surgical approaches and radiological assessment concerning skull base.
El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar datos morfométricos confiables de las estructuras óseas importantes de la base de cráneo mediante tomografía computarizada multidetector (TCMD) y establecer las diferencias de estos datos en función del sexo y lateralización. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo a partir de imágenes de TCMD obtenidas en el Departamento de Radiología de la Facultad de Medicina Meram, Universidad de Necmettin Erbakan. Se evaluaron imágenes de 100 sujetos adultos (50 hombres y 50 mujeres), que no presentaban trauma craneal, cirugía o deformidad ósea. Se midieron (i) altura y diámetro anteroposterior de la fosa hipofisaria, (ii) longitud del cóndilo occipital y distancias intercondilares anterior y posterior, y (iii) el diámetro sagital, transversal y el área del foramen magno. El resumen de los datos se expresó como Media±DE. La comparación de los datos entre sexos y mediciones izquierda-derecha se realizó mediante la prueba t de Student, mientras que la relación entre los distintos parámetros mediante la prueba de correlación de Pearson. Todos los parámetros medidos, en el lado derecho e izquierdo, fueron mayores en hombres. Los valores más altos se determinaron generalmente en el lado derecho en ambos sexos. Algunos parámetros estuvieron altamente correlacionados en ambos sexos (P<0,001). Creemos que nuestros resultados pueden ser útiles al momento de realizar nuevos abordajes quirúrgicos y en la evaluación radiológica, relativas a la base de cráneo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Skull Base/diagnostic imaging , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Retrospective Studies , Sex Characteristics , Skull Base/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
In the title compound, C24H26FN3O, the cyclo-hexane ring adopts a chair conformation; the propyl substituent is in an equatorial orientation and the bond-angle sum at the C atom bonded to the carbohydrazide N atom is 360.0°. The dihedral angle between the 1H-indole ring system and the phenyl ring is 82.77â (13)°. A weak intra-molecular C-Hâ¯π contact occurs. In the crystal, pairs of mol-ecules related by a crystallographic twofold axis are linked by bifurcated N-Hâ¯(O,N) hydrogen bonds; a C-Hâ¯O inter-action occurs between the same pair. The dimers are linked by C-Hâ¯F and C-Hâ¯π inter-actions, generating a three-dimensional network.
ABSTRACT
The title compound, C22H22FN3O, crystallized with two independent mol-ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit; these are linked by a pair of N-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds, forming a pseudo-centrosymmetric dimer with an R (2) 2(10) motif. In addition, a number of C-Hâ¯π inter-actions are also observed. The 1H-indole ring systems in mol-ecules A and B are essentially planar [maximum deviations of 0.019â (2) and 0.014â (2)â Å, respectively] and make dihedral angles of 77.64â (10) and 69.50â (9)°, respectively, with thephenyl rings.
ABSTRACT
In the title compound, C24H24FN3O2S, the 1,3-thia-zolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the S atom as the flap, while the cyclo-hexane ring is in a chair conformation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-Hâ¯O and C-Hâ¯F hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. The unit cell contains six voids of 57â Å(3), but the residual electron density (highest peak = 0.23â eâ Å(-3) and deepest hole = -0.19â eâ Å(-3)) in the difference Fourier map suggests no solvent mol-ecule occupies this void.
ABSTRACT
The title compound, C23H24FN3O, crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules (I and II) in the asymmetric unit. These pairs of mol-ecules are linked to each other as N-Hâ¯O dimers with an R 2 (2)(10) motif. Furthermore, the crystal structure also exhibits C-Hâ¯π inter-actions. The atoms of the ethyl group in mol-ecule I are disordered over two sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.817â (6):0.183â (6).
ABSTRACT
During a survey of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey in 2009-2012, a steinernematid species was recorded and isolated using the Galleria-baiting method. The isolate was identified as Steinernema kraussei based on its morphological and molecular properties. The analysis of the ITS rDNA sequence placed the Turkish population of S. kraussei in the "feltiae-kraussei" group in the clade that contains different isolates of the species. This is the first record of S. kraussei from Turkey. The efficacy of S. kraussei was tested on Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidea) larvae at different densities (100, 300, and 500 infective juveniles (IJs) g(-1) dry sand ) in laboratory conditions at 25 °C. The highest mortality (98%) was obtained with 500 IJs g(-1) dry sand within 7 d after inoculation. Our results indicate that the new isolate is a highly promising biological control agent against A. segetum, one of the most serious soil pests of agricultural area and fruits worldwide.
ABSTRACT
Ips sexdentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most destructive pests of the spruce trees in Europe. In this study, we have isolated and characterized culturable bacteria from I. sexdentatus and tested their insecticidal activity against the last instar larvae of the pest as a possible biocontrol agent. A total of eight bacterial isolates was determined and four of them were identified at species level, and the others were identified at genus level. Isolates were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Is1), Rahnella sp. (Is2), Pseudomonas sp. (Is3), Bacillus sp. (Is4), Alcaligenes faecalis (Is5), Panteoea agglomerans (Is6), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Is7) and Serratia sp. (Is8) based on their morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. Insecticidal effects of bacterial isolates were performed on the last instar larvae of the pest. The highest insecticidal activity was obtained from P. fluorescens (Is7) with 73% mortality within 10 days after inoculation (p < 0.05). Mortality values of the other isolates ranged from 20 to 53%. This study suggests that Pseudomonas fluorescens (Is7) seems to be a good candidate as a possible biocontrol agent against I. sexdentatus, and provides suitable strains that can be modified to express insecticidal toxins and/or other detrimental substances to develop new control methods for I. sexdentatus.
