Association of chondroadherin with leiomyosarcoma.

The leiomyosarcoma (LMS) subtype of uterine sarcoma accounts for 1-2 % of uterine neoplasia cases. The present study aimed to demonstrate that the gene and protein chondroadherin (CHAD) levels may serve as novel biomarkers for predicting prognosis and devising novel treatment models for LMS. A total of 12 patients diagnosed with LMS and 13 patients diagnosed with myomas were included in the study. The extent of tumour cell necrosis, cellularity and atypia and the mitotic index of each patient with LMS were determined. CHAD gene expression was significantly increased in cancerous tissues compared with that in fibroid tissues (2.17 ± 0.88 vs 3.19 ± 1.61; P = 0.047). The mean CHAD protein expression in tissues was higher in LMS cases but this was not statistically significant (217.38 ± 93.9 vs 177.13 ± 66.67;P = 0.226). Positive significant correlations were obtained between CHAD gene expression and mitotic index (r = 0.476; P = 0.008), tumour size (r = 0.385; P = 0.029) and necrosis (r = 0.455; P = 0.011). Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between CHAD protein expression levels and tumour size (r = 0.360; P = 0.039) and necrosis (r = 0.377; P = 0.032). The present study was the first to demonstrate the significance of CHAD in LMS. The results suggested that, due to its association with LMS, CHAD has predictive value in determining the prognosis of patients with LMS.

Evaluation of Intrafollicular Syndecan 1, Glypican 3, and Spermidine Levels in Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve.

We aimed to evaluate the levels of Spermidine, Syndecan 1, and Glypican 3 (GPC3) in the follicle fluid of women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and to examine the relationship of these markers with the number of embryos and clinical pregnancy. A total of 27 women with DOR and 34 women with normal ovarian reserve who underwent in vitro fertilization procedure were included in this prospectively designed study. Spermidine, Syndecan 1, and GPC3 levels were studied in the follicle fluid samples taken from the women at the time of oocyte retrieval by ELISA method, and their relations with the cycle outcomes were examined. The mean age was found as 38.1 ± 7.4 years in the DOR group and 35.1 ± 5.2 years in the control group (p = 0.027). When adjusted for age and body mass index, while the median Spermidine level was significantly higher (p < 0.001), both Syndecan 1 (p < 0.001) and GPC3 (p = 0.006) were significantly lower in the DOR group compared with control group. The cut-off value of Spermidine for clinical pregnancy prediction was found as 74.08 ng/mL with 78.9% sensitivity and 57.1% specificity [OR: 5 (95% CI: 1.4-17.6); AUC: 0.621; p = 0.138], while it was 0.96 ng/mL with 84.2% sensitivity and 59.5% specificity [OR: 7.8 (95% CI: 2-31.1); AUC: 0.701; p = 0.004] for GP3 and 1.15 ng/mL with 78.9 sensitivity and 57.1% specificity [OR: 5 (95% CI: 1.4-17.6); AUC: 0.680; p = 0.009] for Syndecan 1. Intrafollicular spermidine, Syndecan 1, and GPC3 levels may have a role in ovarian aging. Further randomized controlled studies in a larger population are needed for the relationship of these markers with cycle and pregnancy outcomes.

Chondoadherin as a biomarker in patients with endometrial cancer.

Early diagnosis and development of newer and more effective treatments for endometrial cancer, which is observed so frequently, continue to be necessary. In the present study, we aimed to show the relationship between the tumorigenesis of endometrial cancer and chondoadherin and its place as a biomarker. A total of 15 patients diagnosed with endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the pathology unit of the present tertiary hospital and 15 patients operated for non-tumor reasons between 2019 and 2020 were included in the study. Pathology tumor blocks were selected for ELISA and PCR study in which chondoadherin gene expression and protein levels were measured. We found increased expression of the chondoadherin-like (CHADL) gene in endometrial cancer cells compared to endometrial cells without tumor diagnosis (2.85 ± 0.44 vs. 1.94 ± 0.33). When the mean value for the protein level in CHADL tissues was examined, we found a higher rate in endometrial cancer tissues (228.83 ± 22.30 vs. 186.66 ± 21.09). The CHADL protein level and gene expression increased as the grade increased. The present study is the first report presenting chondoadherin level in endometrial cancer. Chondoadherin level in endometrial cancer can be a guiding marker in early diagnosis and treatment process and prognosis. KEY WORDS: Biomarker, Chondoadherin, Endometrial cancer.

Expression of periostin according to endometrial cancer grade.

While various molecular profiling methods have been described for the early diagnosis and prognostic process of endometrial cancer, the most common gynaecological cancer, the data obtained remain insufficient. The present study aimed to investigate the protein and gene expression of periostin and its role as a new biomarker in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of endometrial cancer. A total of 15 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer at the Department of Pathology, Zeynep Kamil Training and Research Hospital (Istanbul, Turkey) and 15 patients who were operated on for non-tumour-related reasons, between December 2019 and May 2020, were included in the study. The cases diagnosed with endometrial cancer were divided into three groups: International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics grades I, II and III. Pathology tumour blocks were selected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR studies in which periostin gene expression and protein levels were measured, respectively. A significant increase in periostin gene expression was observed in the endometrial cancer samples compared with that in the controls (3.40±0.66 vs. 2.23±0.47). The protein level of periostin in the tissues was found to be higher in the endometrial cancer samples than that in the control group (1.59±0.31 vs. 0.94±0.22). The levels of periostin protein and gene expression detected in the endometrial cancer samples increased as the grade increased. To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first to determine the levels of periostin protein and gene expression in endometrial cancer. The results suggested that periostin may be used as a biomarker in the determination of higher histological grade in endometrial cancer.

Relationship of interferon regulator factor 5 and interferon-γ with missed abortion.

The aim of the present study was to reveal the association of missed abortion, a process integrated with the immune system, with interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and to demonstrate the function of these molecules by examining their levels in decidual tissue. This prospective cohort study included 13 patients with no additional systemic disease, between 6 and 10 weeks of gestation with negative fetal heartbeat, and 11 patients between 6 and 10 weeks of gestation with positive heartbeat who presented for voluntary termination of pregnancy. In the fresh decidual tissue materials recovered after therapeutic curettage, IFN-γ and IRF5 protein levels were determined by ELISA method and IFN-γ and IRF5 gene expression levels by qPCR method. The mean IFN-γ (86.5 vs. 27.3 pg/mg protein; P<0.001) and IRF5 (2.0 vs. 1.5 ng/mg protein; P<0.001) levels were significantly higher in pregnant women who had missed abortion compared to the voluntary abortion group. The increases in the mean IFN-γ/GAPDH (3.5 vs. 1.5-fold increase; P<0.001) and IRF5/GAPDH (3.9 vs. 1.4-fold increase; P<0.001) gene expression levels were significantly higher in the tissues of pregnant women with missed abortion than in the voluntary abortion group. A threshold value of 45.2 pg/mg protein for IFN-γ had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100% in determination of missed abortion. The findings of present study revealed, to the best of our knowledge for the first time in the literature, that IFN-γ and IRF5 may be associated with missed abortion, and that IFN-γ and IRF5 protein levels and gene expression levels were significantly increased in the case of missed abortion. According to our findings, IFN-γ and IRF5 play an important role in placental invasion and pregnancy and can be used as markers for endometrial implantation.

Role of chemokines in early pregnancy loss.

The present study aimed to compare decidual protein levels and gene expression levels of chemokines between patients with early pregnancy loss and those with voluntary abortion. A total of 15 patients between 6 and 10 gestational weeks, who presented with negative fetal heartbeat to the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinics of Gaziosmanpasa Hospital (Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey) and who had no additional systemic disease and 13 patients between 6 and 10 gestational weeks, who presented with positive fetal heartbeat for voluntary abortion were included in the present study. CX3CL1, CCL17, CXCR4, chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)5 protein expression levels were determined by ELISA and gene expression levels by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in fresh materials recovered after therapeutic curettage. CX3CL1, CCL17, CXCR4, CXCL12 protein levels were significantly higher and ICAM protein level was significantly lower in pregrant women with missed abortion compared with those with voluntary abortion. While the amount of increase in mean CX3CL1, CCL17, CXCR4 and CXCL12 gene expression levels in the tissues of pregnant women with missed abortion was statistically higher than the pregnant women who underwent voluntary abortion, the amount of increase in ICAM5 gene expression was found to be lower (P<0.001) in those with missed abortion. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that CCL17, CX3CL1, CXCL12, CXCR4 and ICAM5 may be associated with missed abortion and may play an important role in placental invasion and the continuation of pregnancy.

Increased clitoral artery pulsatility index and decreased sexual desire level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is claimed to effect the sexual desire, and recently, blood flow in the clitoral artery (CA) was measured by Doppler ultrasound (USG) examination and the level of sexual desire was objectively demonstrated by determining the pulsatility index (PI). In the present study, it was aimed to quantitatively determine the sexual desire levels in women with PCOS using Doppler USG and to compare the data with healthy women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 71 patients diagnosed with PCOS and 78 healthy women who applied to our tertiary hospital gynecology clinics and for control purposes. Pulsatility indices were determined by measuring blood flows in the clitoral artery, uterine artery, ovarian artery and labial artery using Doppler USG in all participants. The clitoral artery pulsatility index was found to be increased significantly in women with PCOS. RESULTS: The mean age was 28.5 ± 3.7 in the polycystic ovary syndrome group and 30.0 ± 5.2 in the control group. The mean clitoral artery pulsatility index (1.4 ± 0.5 cm/sec) in the PCOS group was significantly higher than the control group (1.2 ± 0.4 cm/sec) (p = 0.033 cm/sec).The mean ovarian artery pulsatility index (0.8 ± 0.2 cm/sec) in the PCOS group was also significantly higher than the control group (0.7 ± 0.2 cm/sec) (p = 0.015 cm/sec). PCOS is showed to influence sexual desire with an objective measurement. Since trying to obtain objective data about the level of sexual desire, questionnaires were not applied to the participants and no questions were asked. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, it was found that the clitoral artery pulsatility index, that is, the rate of resistance in the blood flow to the clitoral region, increased significantly in women with PCOS. This finding shows that the level of sexual desire in women with PCOS has decreased compared to healthy women.

The Effect of Prednisolone Treatment on Pregnancy Rates in in vitro Fertilization Patients with Positive Thyroid Autoantibodies.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effect of prednisolone treatment on the pregnancy rates of in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients with positive thyroid autoantibodies. METHODS: This study was conducted in the IVF unit of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine. It included 158 patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection using the long-term protocol of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist that was positive for thyroid autoantibodies. Each test's reference value was used as a positive measure of anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-TG antibodies. On the day of oocyte intake, 44 of 158 patients were started on prednisolone, and the other 114 patients were followed up without medication. RESULTS: In the control group, pregnancy did not occur in 67.5% of the patients; it was determined that 21.1% were pregnant, 5.3% had biochemical pregnancies, 4.4% had twin pregnancies, 0.9% had triplet pregnancies, and 0.9% had ectopic pregnancies. In the extended prednisolone group, pregnancy did not occur in 56.8% of the patients; it was determined that 36.4% of them were pregnant, 4.5% had twin pregnancies, and 2.3% had biochemical pregnancies. An increase in pregnancy rate was observed in the extended prednisolone group, while a statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the mean values of prednisolone according to pregnancy status (p<0.05). It was thus determined that the rate of conception increased in the extended prednisolone group compared to the controls. CONCLUSION: There is a strong relationship between the presence of thyroid autoantibodies and poor IVF results. The coadministration of prednisolone can improve the clinical pregnancy rate in women affected by thyroid autoimmunity.

Correlation of monocyte/HDL ratio (MHR) with inflammatory parameters in obese patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Monocyte/high density lipprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) has been reported to be associated with obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). In this study, it was aimed to evaluate whether there is a relationship between PCOS and MHR and inflammatory parameters, to investigate the relationship level of MHR and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), which are easily accessible inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, with obese women with PCOS, and to determine the usability of MHR as a predictive marker for PCOS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 64 PCOS-patients who were admitted to Gynecology clinics and 52 healthy women. RESULTS: The mean MHR (12.5 ± 4.6) in the PCOS group was significantly higher than the control group (10.4 ± 4.0) (p = 0.01). In the examination performed by combining the groups PCOS and obesity status, the mean MHR value in the PCOS-obese group was significantly higher than all the other groups (p = 0.004). In the ROC analysis, the threshold value of 10.1 for MHR was found to have a sensitivity of 84.8% and specificity of 58.5% in determining the association between PCOS and obesity (AUC: 0.721; p < 0.001; LB: 0.628; UB: 0.814; CI 95%). Accordingly, the rate of those with MHR level of 10.1 and above was significantly higher in the PCOS group compared to the control group (67.2% vs 40.4%) (p = 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, the determination is increased by 3,026 times (odds ratio; 1.401-6.535) in predicting the presence of PCOS in those with MHR value of 10.1 and above, and 7,576 times (Odds ratio; 2.652-21.646) in predicting the presence of PCOS + obesity was found to be. Correlation analysis in PCOS patients revealed that the MHR value was negatively correlated with age (p = 0.001; r = -0.412), LMR (p = 0.003; r = -0.377), and total cholesterol [p = 0.018; correlation coefficient (r) = -0.302]. CONCLUSIONS: This study findings showed that MHR level is significantly related to PCOS, and especially MHR values above 10.1 may be a significant predictive marker for PCOS. Our study findings also show that an association of PCOS and obesity is a very important trigger on MHR.