ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The saline infusion test (SIT) to confirm primary aldosteronism requires infusing 2 L of normal saline over 240 minutes. Previous studies raised concerns regarding increased blood pressure and worsening hypokalemia during SIT. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic applicability of a SIT that requires 1 L of saline infusion over 120 minutes. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, including all patients in a large medical center who underwent SIT from 1 January 2015 to 30 April 2023. Blood samples were drawn for baseline renin and aldosterone (tâ =â 0) after 2 hours (tâ =â 120 min) and after 4 hours (tâ =â 240 min) of saline infusion. We used ROC analysis to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of various aldosterone cut-off values at tâ =â 120 to confirm primary aldosteronism. RESULTS: The final analysis included 62 patients. A ROC analysis yielded 97% specificity and 90% sensitivity for a plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) of 397 pmol/L (14 ng/dL) at tâ =â 120 to confirm primary aldosteronism, and an area under the curve of 0.97 (95% CI [0.93, 1.00], Pâ <â 0.001). Almost half (44%) of the patients did not suppress PAC below 397 pmol/L (14 ng/dL) at tâ =â 120. Of them, only one (4%) patient suppressed PAC below 276 pmol/L (10 ng/dL) at tâ =â 240. Mean systolic blood pressure increased from 140.1â ±â 21.3 mm Hg at tâ =â 0 to 147.6â ±â 14.5 mm Hg at tâ =â 240 (Pâ =â 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: A PAC of 397 pmol/L (14 ng/dL) at tâ =â 120 has high sensitivity and specificity for primary aldosteronism confirmation.
Subject(s)
Aldosterone , Hyperaldosteronism , Renin , Saline Solution , Humans , Hyperaldosteronism/diagnosis , Hyperaldosteronism/blood , Pilot Projects , Middle Aged , Male , Female , Aldosterone/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Saline Solution/administration & dosage , Renin/blood , Adult , Infusions, Intravenous , Predictive Value of Tests , Biomarkers/blood , Time Factors , Aged , Blood Pressure , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Borderline isolated norepinephrine (NE) and normetanephrine (NMT) elevation is common among patients with suspected pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). The clonidine suppression test (CST) may help establish the etiology in these cases. Prolonged laboratory processing and/or paucity of reliable biochemical assays may limit the utility of CST. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether blood pressure (BP) reduction during CST is associated with alterations in plasma NMT/NE, thereby potentially providing an immediate indication of CST results. In this cross-sectional study, the authors included all consecutive patients with suspected PPGL who underwent CST from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2019. Linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between BP reduction and decrease in plasma NMT/NE. The final analysis included 36 patients (17 males). The decrease in systolic BP (SBP) 90 minutes postclonidine was associated with a decrease in plasma NMT (R = 0.668, P = .025) and NE (R = 0.562, P = .005). A 40% decrease in NMT and NE correlated with a 9.74% and 7.16% decrease in SBP, respectively. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the association between SBP reduction and the decrease in plasma NMT (R = 0.764, P = .046) and NE (R = 0.714, P = .003) strengthens among patients with hypertension and among those with diabetes mellitus (R = 0.974, P = .026 for NMT). In conclusion, SBP reduction during CST is associated with plasma NMT and NE decrease. Therefore, the decrease in SBP 90 minutes postclonidine may serve as an immediate complementary clinical tool for PPGL diagnosis.
