ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Sleep deprivation and insomnia have negative impacts on mental and physical health in adolescents. In order to examine the problems caused by insomnia, we need tools with acceptable validity and reliability for the target population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in Iranian adolescent population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out as a descriptive-analytic normalization. Study group consisted of 701 adolescents aged 12 to 19, who were selected through cluster sampling. The participants completed ISI, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), Adolescent sleep hygiene scale (ASHS) and global sleep assessment questionnaire (GSAQ). In addition, SPSS ver.22 and AMOSS ver.10 were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The reliability of the test was obtained equal to 0.77 based on Cronbach's alpha and a good reliability (0.84) was obtained through test/retest method. Exploratory and conï¬rmatory factor analyses with seven items were computed. The models ï¬tness indexes were suitable for the structural model (CFI=0.99%, NFI=0.98%, GFI=0.99%, TLI=0.98%, RMSEA=0.049%). Moreover, there was a direct and signiï¬cant correlation between the ISI index and the total score of other indexes. As to gender-based reliability, Cronbach's alpha was 0.78 in female adolescents and 0.85 in male adolescents. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the Persian version of the insomnia severity index can be used as a reliable and valid tool for assessing the severity of insomnia in Persian-speaking adolescents.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies show that poor sleep is a health concern related to further psychological and physiological issues during adolescence. To assess subjective sleep quality and sleep patterns among adults, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a well and internationally established tool. Here, we established the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the PSQI for adolescents. METHOD: A total of 1477 adolescents (mean age: 15.47 years; 53.2% females) took part in the study. They completed a booklet on sociodemographic information, the Persian version of the PSQI for adolescents, and the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale (ASHS). We relied on classical test reliability approaches of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. RESULTS: Classical exploratory factor analysis yielded the seven-factor solution, with concurrent confirmation and overlap with the dimensions of the ASHS, although correlation coefficients were small to medium. A further factor analysis yielded a four-factor solution, explaining 72% of the variance of the PSQI. Further, three out of these four factors predicted the ASHS overall score. CONCLUSIONS: The Persian version of the PSQI for adolescents showed satisfactory psychometric properties. It follows that the Persian PSQI is a suitable tool to assess sleep quality and sleep patterns among adolescents.
