ABSTRACT
Peer interventions have demonstrated efficacy with improving HIV health outcomes. Yet, little is known about factors associated with their uptake into the clinic setting. Three urban sites in the US were funded to adapt, implement and evaluate a peer intervention to improve HIV health outcomes for 173 out of care and newly diagnosed women of color. Peers worked with cis and transgender women of color for four months to achieve the goals of linkage and retention in HIV case management and medical care. Results were 96% of women were linked to medical care, 73% were retained in care and 81% were virally suppressed post 12 months. The average duration of the peer intervention was seven months. Women who received four peer encounters had a 10% increase in retention in care and viral suppression. The findings highlight key elements such as dose and duration of client interaction for peer staff as part of the health care team.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Transsexualism , Case Management , Continuity of Patient Care , Female , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Humans , Skin PigmentationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: For nursing professionals to direct and influence the health care changes for implementing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, emerging graduate nurses must be prepared as leaders and advocates for smooth patient care transitions for patients and caregivers. This article reports on how an undergraduate nursing program and its clinical partner created a course to allow students to step back from direct patient care and explore diverse nursing roles, team collaboration, communication, and processes that aim to collectively promote safe and effective quality care. METHOD: Students completed online pre- and posttest surveys to rate their confidence levels with skills across seven measures. RESULTS: Comparative analysis of the pre- and posttest surveys indicated a significant increase in students' perception of their knowledge and skills across all areas. CONCLUSION: The instructional framework, using a care transitions model and clinical experiences, prepared students to work with health care teams and community partners for managing patient and family transitions in a variety of health care settings.
Subject(s)
Continuity of Patient Care , Curriculum , Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Students, Nursing/psychology , Clinical Competence , Communication , Humans , Models, Educational , Nurse's Role , Patient Care Team , Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act , Patient Safety , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The University of Michigan School of Nursing and the Health System partnered to develop an undergraduate clinical education model as part of a larger project to advance clinical education, practice, and scholarship with education serving as the clinical bridge that anchors all three areas. The clinical model includes clusters of clinical units as the clinical home for four years of a student's education, clinical instruction through team mentorship, clinical immersion, special skills preparation, and student portfolio. The model was examined during a one-year pilot with junior students. Stakeholders were largely positive. Findings showed that Clinical Faculty engaged in more role modeling of teaching strategies as Mentors assumed more direct teaching used more clinical reasoning strategies. Students reported increased confidence and competence in clinical care by being integrated into the team and the Mentor's assignment. Two new full time faculty roles in the Health System support education, practice, and research.
ABSTRACT
The ongoing spread of H5N1 avian influenza in Southeast Asia has raised concern about a worldwide influenza pandemic and has made clear the need to plan in advance for such an event. The federal government has stressed the importance of planning and, in particular, has asked hospitals and public health agencies to develop plans to care for patients outside of traditional healthcare settings. These alternative or acute care centers (ACCs) would be opened when hospitals, emergency departments (EDs), and clinics are overwhelmed by an influenza pandemic. The University of Michigan Hospital System (UMHS), a large tertiary care center in southeast Michigan, has been developing a model for offsite care of patients during an influenza pandemic. This article summarizes our planning efforts and the lessons learned from 2 functional exercises over the past 3 years.
Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care Facilities , Disaster Planning , Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Mass Casualty Incidents , Patient Transfer , Ambulatory Care Facilities/organization & administration , Disease Outbreaks , Equipment and Supplies/supply & distribution , Health Care Surveys , Hospitals, University/organization & administration , Humans , Michigan/epidemiology , Organizational Case Studies , Palliative Care , TeachingABSTRACT
University of Michigan Health System underwent a number of reduction strategies in the early 1990s to address the rising costs of healthcare. By 2001, an analysis revealed that these strategies negatively impacted employee satisfaction and patient care. A team of nurse managers was charged with redesigning the current support structure for nurse managers. The team conducted an analysis of the current situation and designed a new model called the Michigan Leadership Model comprising both administrative and leadership support positions.
Subject(s)
Leadership , Nurse Administrators , Nursing Staff, Hospital/organization & administration , Nursing, Supervisory , Personnel Administration, Hospital , Humans , Michigan , Models, Organizational , Personnel Downsizing , Task Performance and AnalysisABSTRACT
The relationship of immunity to Histoplasma capsulatum and CD4 count in HIV-1-infected patients is unknown. Samples of blood from people with HIV infection and from HIV-negative volunteers were assessed for immune responsiveness to the histoplasmin antigen using proliferation and interferon-gamma production as indicators of immunity. Results of histoplasmin skin tests, lymphoproliferative responses (LPR), and interferon-gamma production were positive in 9 of 20 (45%) HIV-negative controls, and in vitro measurements agreed highly with skin test reactivity. Among HIV-1-infected patients with recent histoplasmosis, skin test results were positive in none, LPR results were positive in 14%, and interferon-gamma production in 18%. Among HIV-1-infected patients with CD4 counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm(3), LPR was positive in 8% and interferon-gamma production in 33%, and among those with CD4 counts >500 cells/mm(3), LPR was positive in 31% and interferon-gamma production in 46%. In conclusion, immune responsiveness to H. capsulatum was depressed in HIV-1-infected persons with CD4 counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm(3), but approached normal in those with CD4 counts >500 cells/mm(3).
