ABSTRACT
Cyclin D1 protein expression in lymphocytes is classically associated with mantle cell lymphoma. Although increasingly recognized in other lymphoproliferative disorders, cyclin D1 expression and CCND1 gene abnormalities have not been well studied in nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). Using a double stain for CD20/cyclin D1, we quantified cyclin D1 expression in 10 cases of NLPHL and correlated those findings with SOX11 expression, CCND1 gene abnormalities, and clinical data. For comparison, we examined 5 cases of T cell-/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL). All cases of NLPHL stained for cyclin D1 showed at least rare positivity in lymphocyte-predominant (LP) cells. In 4 cases, at least 20% of LP cells were positive for CD20/cyclin D1. Neither SOX11 expression nor CCND1 gene rearrangement was found in any of the cases, but fluorescence in situ hybridization showed a proportion of the large cells with 3 to 4 copies of nonfused IGH and CCND1 signals or 3 intact CCND1 break-apart signals. Further study with CCND1/CEP11 showed polysomy in 6 of 9 cases with cyclin D1 expression and 5 of 16 NLPHL not examined for cyclin D1. Two of 5 cases of THRLBCL showed rare positive staining for CD20/cyclin D1; 1 case showed polysomy with CCND1/CEP11. Results show that cyclin D1 may be expressed in LP cells without SOX11 expression or CCND1 translocation. Polysomy with increased copies of CCND1 may account for cyclin D1 expression in some cases. Cyclin D1 expression is not useful for distinguishing NLPHL from THRLBCL and has no apparent clinical significance in NLPHL.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Cyclin D1/metabolism , Hodgkin Disease/metabolism , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Lymphocytes/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Immunophenotyping/methods , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/metabolism , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
Early death (ED) occurs in 10-30% of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Is all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) promptly given and does it decrease overall early mortality? ATRA was administered within 24h of morphological suspicion in only 44% of the 120 consecutive patients treated in the four collaborating centers. Absence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (p=0.012) and admission to a non-university-affiliated hospital (p=0.032) were independent predictors of ATRA delay. ED occurred in 17% of patients, and was independently correlated only with ICU admission (p=0.002). Our results do not demonstrate that prompt (versus delayed) ATRA administration decreases overall early death.
