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1.
Science ; 268(5213): 1030-3, 1995 May 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17774231

ABSTRACT

Solar wind plasma observations made by the Ulysses spacecraft through -80.2 degrees solar latitude and continuing equatorward to -40.1 degrees are summarized. Recurrent high-speed streams and corotating interaction regions dominated at middle latitudes. The speed of the solar wind was typically 700 to 800 kilometers per second poleward of -35 degrees . Corotating reverse shocks persisted farther south than did forward shocks because of the tilt of the heliomagnetic streamer belt. Sporadic coronal mass ejections were seen as far south as -60.5 degrees . Proton temperature was higher and the electron strahl was broader at higher latitudes. The high-latitude wind contained compressional, pressure-balanced, and Alfvénic structures.

2.
Science ; 257(5076): 1539-43, 1992 Sep 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17776165

ABSTRACT

Plasma observations at Jupiter show that the outer regions of the Jovian magnetosphere are remarkably similar to those of Earth. Bow-shock precursor electrons and ions were detected in the upstream solar wind, as at Earth. Plasma changes across the bow shock and properties of the magnetosheath electrons were much like those at Earth, indicating that similar processes are operating. A boundary layer populated by a varying mixture of solar wind and magnetospheric plasmas was found inside the magnetopause, again as at Earth. In the middle magnetosphere, large electron density excursions were detected with a 10-hour periodicity as planetary rotation carried the tilted plasma sheet past Ulysses. Deep in the magnetosphere, Ulysses crossed a region, tentatively described as magnetically connected to the Jovian polar cap on one end and to the interplanetary magnetic field on the other. In the inner magnetosphere and lo torus, where corotation plays a dominant role, measurements could not be made because of extreme background rates from penetrating radiation belt particles.

3.
J Theor Biol ; 108(4): 597-621, 1984 Jun 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6748706

ABSTRACT

A mathematical model is presented that describes first order degradation and post-translational processing of proteins in non-growing and exponentially growing cells. The model applies to proteins that are substrates or products of processing. General equations are presented that can be applied to many different experimental protocols. Application of the model to pulse-chase and continuous labeling experiments is illustrated. The mathematical expressions apply to any cellular component that is synthesized in proportion to cellular mass and is degraded or processed by reactions that follow first order kinetics. However, in this paper, the model is discussed solely as it applies to protein metabolism.


Subject(s)
Models, Biological , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Proteins/metabolism , Amino Acids/metabolism , Cell Division , Kinetics , Mathematics , Protein Biosynthesis
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