Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in central London air during 1991 and 1992.

The results of monitoring for 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) at Exhibition Road, London, UK during the period from January 1991 to September 1992 are presented. Although both particulate and gaseous PAH were analysed, the results are expressed as total PAH. The PAH measurements are complemented by the simultaneous monitoring of a range of air quality variables. These parameters have been subjected to correlation analysis and the dependence on motor vehicle emissions for many of the PAH species is inferred. The majority of the PAH displayed higher annual mean concentrations during 1991 than previous measurements taken at the same site in 1987. The impact of motor vehicle emission legislation, the increased use of unleaded petrol and the rise in the use of diesel powered motor vehicles are all discussed in the context of the presented results. A pollution event during December 1991 caused significantly increased PAH concentrations. A comparison with PAH data from another site in London indicates good agreement between the two sets of data.

Trends in motor-vehicle related air pollutants in central London.

Results of intermittent monitoring of six aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, m-xylene, p-xylene and o-xylene), carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen over a thirteen year period at a site in central London (Exhibition Road) are presented. Four monitoring regimes were undertaken; namely, 1979, 1982/83, 1986/87 and 1991/92. The summertime daytime mean ambient concentrations of the measured parameters at this site are presented. The reported concentrations show a reduction from 1979 to 1992 by approximately a factor of two, despite national increases in motor fuel consumption and the volume of traffic. Relevant European Community legislation covering emissions from motor-vehicles are outlined and comparisons are made with emissions from motor vehicles predicted from the UK national inventory. The importance of the frequency of measurements was also noted.

Concentrations of particulate and gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in London air following a reduction in the lead content of petrol in the United Kingdom.

The environmental importance of tropospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is reviewed. The impact of reducing lead on airborne PAH is indicated and the importance of monitoring both particulate and gaseous-phase PAH is demonstrated. A Brief description of a sampling regime performed from 1985 to 1987 is given. Sampling of 18 PAH was performed and particulate lead concentrations at the kerbside were measured concurrently. Measurements indicate that there is a pronounced seasonality in PAH concentrations and in the distribution of PAH between particulate and gaseous phases. On average, 47% of the PAH measured were in the gaseous phase, indicating the importance of measuring the volatile fraction. The dominance of the common variation of each PAH was also investigated using principal components analysis. An uneven spread of data prior to and following the reduction in lead content, hindered a thorough examination of the effect of this change on PAH concentrations. However, they appeared to indicate only a small change in PAH concentration and this was linked to an increase in aromatic content of the petrol, which was much less than expected.