[Disordered Na+/H+ metabolism in the erythrocytes of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Narushenie Na+/H(+)-obmena v éritrotsitakh bol'nykh insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Na+/H+ countertransport speed in red cells of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) patients was studied. The rate of Na+/H+ exchange in diabetic erythrocytes did not differ statistically from the rate of such exchange in control erythrocytes. Statistically significant differences in the rates of Na+/H+ exchange in red cells of patients with and without angiopathies were not found either, though the above rate was higher in nephropathy patients compared to those with retinopathy. Statistically significant acceleration of the Na+/H+ exchange rate was found in red cells of patients with family history of IDDM compared to patients without hereditary predisposition. There was no correlation between the rate of Na+/H+ exchange and duration of diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that acceleration of Na+/H+ countertransport in red cells of different diabetic groups may be polyetiological.

[Effect of biosynthetic insulin on lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes in patients with type I diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie biosinteticheskogo insulina na perekisnoe okislenie lipidov membran éritrotsitov u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom I tipa.

The aim of our research was elucidation of a relationship between red cell membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant defense enzymes, on the one hand, and the age, disease duration, and presence of vascular complications in patients with type I diabetes mellitus, on the other. The possibility of correcting red cell peroxide status with human insulin preparations was investigated. Red cell membrane LPO was found increased more than twofold and antioxidant defense enzymes activities virtually unchanged vs. controls in 16 patients with diabetes aged 20 to 43. These characteristics of red cell peroxidation status do not depend on patients' age, disease standing, or presence of vascular complications. A twelve-week therapy with biosynthetic insulin resulted in complete normalization of LPO processes in patients with angiopathies aged under 35 and with disease standing of less than 10 years. In diabetics with angiopathies aged over 35 and disease standing of more than 10 years red cell MDA level reduced under the effect of therapy with human insulin preparations but was still increased vs. that in healthy donors by 1.5 times. Red cell GP and SOD activities reduced in the course of insulin therapy in all the examined groups of diabetics. Catalase activity increased by approximately 50% in patients with angiopathies, those aged over 35, and a disease standing of more than 10 years under the effect of insulin. In the rest groups of patients catalase activity did not differ from its initial level. Our results permit us recommending besides human insulin preparations antioxidant therapy for patients with vascular complications, those aged over 35, and a disease standing of more than 10 years.

[The results of a comparative study of the lipid peroxidation processes and of the malondialdehyde level of the blood cells in patients with diabetic angiopathies and during insulin therapy]. / Rezul'taty sravnitel'nogo izucheniia protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov i urovnia malonovogo dial'degida v kletkakh krovi bol'nykh diabeticheskimi angiopatiiami i v protsesse insulinoterapii.

Lipid peroxidation was studied by the levels of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in the platelets and red cells of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 as to relationships to vascular complications and insulin therapy. MDA appeared elevated both in red cells and platelets of DM patients, but was high in red cells only in DM patients with retinopathy. Insulin therapy contributed to gradual recovery of MDA levels both in platelets and red cells of all the DM patients except those with angiopathy who retained high red cell MDA on insulin treatment week 12. This suggests the necessity of adjuvant antioxidants in insulin treatment given to DM patients with vascular complications to arrest progression of angiopathy.

[Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant protection of the erythrocytes in diabetes mellitus patients]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov i antioksidantnaia zashchita éritrotsitov u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The study included 16 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 and 15 healthy controls. By the moment of examination the patients had achieved subcompensation. 10 patients developed diabetic vascular complications. The patients received biosynthetic insulins Humulin S, Humulin I, Humulin M3. Pretreatment glycemia in the patients surpassed that in the controls, MDA red cell levels per ml of hemolysate were higher by 121% and 130% per protein 1 mg. MDA measured equal both in angiopathy patients and those without it. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes in DM patients was similar to control indices. Human insulin administration reduced red cell MDA levels both in angiopathy and free of it patients, though in the former MDA remained higher than normal, while in the latter normal levels are obtained. The parameters of the antioxidant defense enzymes changed on the treatment week 12: catalase activity rose by 41%, that of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase lowered by 35 and 65%, respectively. Variations in these enzymes activity showed no dependence on vascular complications.