[Morphologic and molecular-genetic characteristics of carcinoma, adenoma and surrounding tissue of the thyroid gland]. / Morfologicheskaia i molekuliarno-geneticheskaia kharakteristika raka, adenom i okruzhaiushchei tkani shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

The majority of thyroid tumors are not homogeneous histologically, this creating difficulties in interpretation of different carcinoma variants. The aim of the study was a complex comparative study of morphogenetic changes in carcinoma, adenoma and surrounding thyroid tissue. Surgical material from 48 patients operated because of nodular (multinodular) euthyroid goiter in Moscow Medical Academy in 1990-1997 was used. It was established that all the observations of early thyroid carcinoma diagnosed clinically as a nodular (multinodular) euthyroid goiter were represented by differentiated forms of thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid carcinoma was characterized by higher values of biomolecular markers as compared to adenomas and surrounding tissue. High values of c-myc expression in adenomas and surrounding tissue may indicate possible genetic rearrangements. A peculiar feature of carcinomas was the fact that deletions and replication errors in malignant tumors in this study were found simultaneously in the three genes investigated. As to different histological types of carcinoma, the most frequent deletions of the genes studied were observed in medullary and papillary-follicular carcinoma. High values of heterozygosity loss were found already in adenomas and surrounding tissues, this indicating the presence of the genetic changes already in the benign tumors and surrounding tissue.

[The effect of the quaternary ammonium salt of conidine oligomer-25 (QAS CO-25) on the activity of prothrombin complex factors]. / Vliianie chetvertichnoi ammoniinoi soli oligomera-25 konidina (ChAS O-25K) na aktivnost' faktorov protrombinovogo kompleksa.

Quaternary ammonium salt of oligomer-25 conidine (QAS O-25C) was used for regulation of hypocoagulation effect of Syncumar--anticoagulant of indirect type of action. The experiments were carried out on male rats. Experimental methods included thromboelastography, determination of thromboplastin time (after Quick) and determination of activity of single coagulation factors. It was shown that injection of QAS O-25C reliably do not affect blood coagulation. The combined action of QAS O-25C and Syncumar resulted in a twofold increase in the activity of factors IX and X within 24 h after the injection and in complete recovery after 48 h. After Syncumar injection per os we observed deep-hypercoagulation which was maintained even within 48 after the injection. The effect of QAS O-25C modulating the Syncular anticoagulant activity is probably connected with intensification of protein synthesis in the liver and, specifically, with an increase in the yield of active precursors of the factors of prothrombin complex.

[Effect of carnosine and 4-methyluracil on the development of experimental hepatitis in rats]. / Vliianie karnozina i 4-metiluratsila na razvitie éksperimental'nogo gepatita u krys.

A comparative study of the hepatoprotective effect of carnosine and 4-methyluracil under CCl4-induced acute toxic hepatitis has been carried out. The extent of liver injury and its regeneration were established from morphological data as well as from changes in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histidase and the bilirubin content in blood serum. Hyperlipoperoxidation in the liver and serum was assessed by the amount of TBA-active products. It was found that by day 10 of experimental hepatitis ALT and histidase levels in blood sera of untreated animals exceeded the normal values 1.3- and 3.9-fold, whereas those in the carnosine-treated group approximated the values characteristic of intact animals. The activity of serum ALT in animals treated with vitamin B12 or 4-methyluracil exceeded normal values 1.5 and 1.6 times, whereas that of histidase was 2.5 and 2.7 times as high. Carnosine and 4-methyluracil inhibited (in approximately the same degree) the formation of TBA-active products in the liver. According to morphological dta, cessation of CCl4 injections was accompanied by rapid regeneration of liver tissues in all animal groups. Carnosine enhanced regenerative processes in parenchymatous and connective tissues in a far greater degree in comparison with other drugs. The mitotic index in the carnosine-treated group exceeded more than twofold the corresponding parameters in untreated animals. Possible mechanisms of carnosine action on liver repair are discussed.

[Nucleic acid synthesis and spatial organization of DNA in the presence of heparin and the quaternary ammonium salt of the conidin oligomer-25]. / Sintez nukleinovykh kislot i prostranstvennaia organizatsiiaDNK v prisutstvii geparina i chetvertichnoi ammoniinoi soli oligomera-25 konidina.

A comparative study of polyconidin effects in the replicative and transcription activity of hepatocyte DNA in intact animals, and on peculiarities of spatial organization DNA in the DNA complex with oligomer-25 conidin was carried out. It was shown that polyconidin binding to DNA results in "cross-linking". This process is accompanied by formation of liquid-crystalline dispersion without abnormal optical activity. Liquid crystals possess high density packing of DNA molecules complexed with quaternary ammonium salt of oligomer-25 conidin. The addition of heparin to liquid-crystalline dispersions or phases, destroys the structure of the DNA complex with quaternary ammonium salt of oligomer-25 conidin. As a result "free" DNA molecules appear, they form the cholesteric liquid-crystalline phase. An increase in transcription activity and synchronization of DNA synthesis in hepatocyte was demonstrated. A correlation between chromatin modification and biological activity of chromatin after formation of the DNA--oligomer-25 conidin complex is proposed.

[Synthesis of nucleic acids and dynamics of morphological indices of the granulation tissue of skin wounds in rats treated with 4-methyluracil]. / Sintez nukleinovykh kislot i dinamika morfologicheskikh pokazatelei granuliatsionnoi tkani kozhnykh ran u krys, lechennykh 4-metiluratsilom.

Effect of 4-methyl uracil on dynamics of morphological patterns and the rate of nucleic acids synthesis was studied in granulation tissue developed during healing of full-layer skin wounds. Application of ointment containing 4-methyl uracil onto the wounds exhibited an antiinflammatory efficiency and decreased accumulation of leukocytes in the wound. The drug shortened the mitotic cycle in dividing fibroblasts, as a result of which periods of DNA synthesis became more frequent exhibiting two days duration. The rate of RNA synthesis was increased 1.5-2-fold. Content of acid glycosaminoglycans and collagen was increased in intercellular space surrounding fibroblasts.

[Heparin and its antagonist--a quaternary ammonium salt of oligomer-25-conidine: distribution in subcellular organelles, effect on DNA synthesis in the regenerating rat liver]. / Geparin i ego antagonist--chetvertichnaia ammoniinaia sol' oligomera-25-konidina: raspredelenie po subkletochnym organellam, vliianie na sintez DNK v regeneriruiushchei pecheni krys.

Dynamics of distribution in subcellular organelles as well as effects on DNA synthesis of heparin, polycanidine (ChAS oligomer of 25 canidine) and their complexes were studied in regenerating rat liver tissue after partial hepatectomy. Polycanidine and heparin penetrated from circulation into hepatocyte cells, nuclei and mitochondria. After consecutive administration of polyelectrolytes polycanidine increased 2-2.5-fold the amount of heparin entering into cells. Polycanidine formed stable complexes with DNP in nuclei. Heparin and its complexes with polycanidine decreased the DNA synthesis within first day. Heparin appears to be responsible for the inhibitory effect, whereas administration of polycanidine only into animals caused a slight increase in 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA as compared with controls.