ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The small GTPase Rap1 and its guanine nucleotide exchange factor, CalDAG-GEFI (CDGI), are critical for platelet function and hemostatic plug formation. CDGI function is regulated by a calcium binding EF hand regulatory domain and an atypical C1 domain with unknown function. OBJECTIVE: Here, we investigated whether the C1 domain controls CDGI subcellular localization, both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: CDGI interaction with phosphoinositides was studied by lipid co-sedimentation assays and molecular dynamics simulations. Cellular localization of CDGI was studied in heterologous cells by immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation assays. RESULTS: Lipid co-sedimentation studies demonstrated that the CDGI C1 domain associates with membranes through exclusive recognition of phosphoinositides, phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-biphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3). Molecular dynamics simulations identified a phospholipid recognition motif consisting of residues exclusive to the CDGI C1 domain. Mutation of those residues abolished co-sedimentation of the C1 domain with lipid vesicles and impaired membrane localization of CDGI in heterologous cells. CONCLUSION: Our studies identify a novel interaction between an atypical C1 domain and phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-biphosphate and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate in cellular membranes, which is critical for Rap1 signaling in health and disease.
