[Fluorescence of catecholamines in nerve structures of cranial cervical ganglia transferred to striated muscle]. / Issledovanie fliuorestsentsii katekholaminov v nervnykh strukturakh kranial'nogo sheinogo uzla, peremeshchennogo na poperechnopolosatuiu myshtsu.

In order to form additional innervation sources of the organs, a possibility to preserve the structure of the cranial cervical node transferred on the musculus sterno-mastoideus has been tried. During this manipulation most of neurocytes die. Along the periphery and on the caudal pole of the node a part of cells remain alive. At first the structure and metabolism of these cells is disturbed. However, beginning from the end of the first month after the transfer, the remained cells and the processes formed by them accumulate catecholamines. By the second--third, and especially by the end of the first month after the transfer, the remained cells and the processes sound. A suggestion is made on a possibility to use these neurocytes for creating additional sources of the organs' innervation.

[Functional morphology of neural elements in interorganic adhesions and in coalesced organs]. / Funktsional'naia morfologiia nervnykh élementov mezhorgannykh srashchenii i srashchennykh organov.

The results of investigations concerning the problem on reinnervation of organs and vessels are summarized. Under the conditions of organo- and neuropexy, regenerating neural fibers pass through two stages of development. The first stage--formation and growth of neural fibers, the second--a more prolonged period of successive quantitative and qualitative morpho-functional transformations of these elements into mature structures. Judging from the histochemical characteristics, the latter become functionally competent by the 5th month after implantation of neural trunks into the arterial walls (the common, carotid and femoral arteries). The organopexies affect the neural cells structure in the denervated urinary organs. The reparative processes occurring, to some extent, protect them from destruction and stimulate their partial restoration. When the vegetative ganglia (the cranial cervical, caudal mesenteric ganglia) are transposed on the organs, some neurocytes are preserved. Their composition and histochemical structure correspond to an intact ganglion. A suggestion is made that the partly preserved ganglion could be used to form a new center of local regulation. An observation has been made according to which under the inductive effect of the donor-organ in the organ-recipient numerous newly formed neural fibers appear. They are capable to participate in reinnervation of the injured organ and, hence, in restoration of its function.

[Development of the human hip joint and its innervation]. / Razvitie tazobedrennogo sustava i ego innervatsii u cheloveka.

Thickening of mesenchyma at the place of the future coxofemoral joint (embryos 10.5--14 mm of parietal-coccygeal length) is defined in the area limited by the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves behind, by the femoral nerve in front and above and by the ischiatic nerve underneath and behind. The femoral head surrounded with anlages of the iliac, pubic and ischiatic bones is defined in 16 mm long embryos. The vascular canal ends blindly or penetrates through the wall of the cotyloid cavity at the place where lately fusion of the iliac and the pubic bones takes place. A special attention is paid, at the embryonic level, to variants of the iliolumbar muscle fixation and to participation of its tendons, in some cases, information of the femoral joint circular zone. The joint capsule, presented as a condensed mesenchyma is defined in prefetuses 18 mm of parietal-coccygeal length. To its inferior fragment, branches of the obturative and the accessory obturative nerves, to its superior fragment--branches of the superior gluteal nerve, to its posterior fragment--branches of the ischiatic nerve, and to its anterior fragment--branches of the femoral nerve grow out. Taking into account the time when these nerves grow into the innervated substrate, they should be considered as the most important for innervating the capsule, it being realized mainly by mixed, or more exactly by the musculo-articular branches. As the branches of the nerves mentioned above penetrate into the capsule thickness, the latter is differentiating into certain layers. Owing to the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the anlage and further formation of the femoral joint elements is taking place simultaneously with the development and complication of its innervational connections.

[Reinnervation of internal organs and vessels by the neuropexy technic]. / Reinnervatsiia vnutrennikh organov i sosudov metodom neiropeksii.

Some new data on reinnervation of organs and vessels by means of transplantation of vegetative ganglia and sewing of neural branches are presented. When transplanting the cranial cervical ganglion to a muscle, and the caudal mesenteric ganglion to the urinary bladder wall, some neurocytes in the periphery of the ganglia are preserved; simultaneously, massive outgrowth of neural fibres occurs in the area of transplantation. These facts are considered as formation of a new local innervation center of the organ "recipient". The central part of the dog hypogastric nerve is sewed to the renal artery, in other experiments it is sewed into the rectum wall. A massive regeration of neural fibres along the course of the renal artery and the appearance of a neural ganglion in the rectum wall are stated. The sewed hypogastric nerve grows thicker, especially under the conditions of increased functioning of the organ "recipient". In a number of experiments, the large otic nerve is sewed to the common carotid artery. The development of a young connective tissue growing into the adventitia of the vessel is noted. Numerous regenerating neural fibres surrounding the vessel are noted in this tissue. Thus, a possibility of creating new or supplementary innervating connections of internal organs and vessels by means of sewing to them sensitive nerves or vegetative ganglia is morphologically substantiated.

Development of reflexogenic zone innervation of the human cardiovascular system.

The development of the innervation of the human branchial aortic arches and the heart has been investigated. The early growth of nerve fibres to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 6th aortic arches has been established. Evidence of the transformation of the 1st and 2nd aortic arches and the 4th right one into highly sensitive zones is presented. The order in which nerve connections of the arch regions which develop into reflexogenic zones in a definitive organism are formed is demonstrated. The cranial nerve fibres grow first, and are followed by the sympathetic trunk fibers. Investigations carried out on the extensive material corroborate Koch's hypothesis (1931) that all aortic arches of the embryo develop into reflexogenic zones.