[Coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori and their role in human pathology]. / Kokkovidnye formy Helicobacter pylori i ikh rol' v patologii cheloveka.

Most helocobacteria die as a result of eradication therapy. However, a negligible amount of them revert to the non-cultivated state and remain in the form of coccoids. Based on the literature analysis it has been proved that coccoid forms of H. pylori are viable and their basic properties are similar to those of vegetative helocobacteria forms. It has been suggested for the first time that it is necessary to find therapeutic means for having an impact on helocobacteria, which are in the coccoid form, in addition to standard methods of treatment of helicobacteriosis and its consequences.

[Sanitary control of the territory: data bases on the spread of some quarantine infections]. / Sanitarnaia okhrana territorii: bazy dannykh o rasprostranenii nekotorykh osobo opasnykh infektsionnykh boleznei.

The data bases (DB) on the spread of plague, yellow fever and contagious virus hemorrhagic fevers (CVHF) in foreign countries have been created. These DB contain information on the main international air and sea ports and their relationships with natural focal territories. The data base "Sanitary control. Yellow fever" contains information on different species serving as vectors for yellow fever virus. Information on the circulation of the causative agents of Ebola fever, Lassa fever and Marburg disease in African countries has been introduced into DB, the differentiation of countries by the degree of the potential danger of the CVHF spread has been made.

[The characteristics of cholera prevalence and of the performance of epidemic-control measures in small settlements of Dagestan]. / Osobennosti rasprostraneniia kholery i provedeniia protivoépidemicheskikh meropriiatii v nebol'shikh naselennykh punktakh Dagestana.

The present work deals with summarizing the experience obtained by the specialized antiepidemic brigade of the Rostov-on-Don Research Institute for Plague Control in the work on the liquidation of cholera in some regions of Daghestan with a view to discussing the problems of improvement of anticholera measures. The characteristic features of the epidemic process were its explosive character, sparseness of the foci of infection, the prevalence of its transmission through everyday contacts (family contacts and intensive tribal contacts) and essential delays in taking anticholera measures due to sudden appearance of outbreaks, remoteness of small settlements and the lack of manpower and means for carrying out anticholera measures at a given place and time, as well as delays in epidemiological analysis carried out by local health service bodies. Delays in carrying out such measures led to the spread of infection both within settlements and in the whole region and further in the republic. The epidemic process was complicated by the antibiotic resistance of V.cholerae strains circulating on this territory. All these factors formed specific epidemic situation which introduced amendments into the organization of anticholera measures.

[The characteristics of the antibacterial therapy for cholera in Dagestan]. / Osobennosti antibakterial'noi terapii kholery v Dagestane.

Wide circulation of antibiotic-resistant Vibrio cholerae strains again gives prominence to the problem of etiotropic therapy. The results of the treatment of 428 persons infected with V.cholerae (237 cholera patients and 191 Vibrio carriers) in different regions of Daghestan during the outbreak of epidemic in 1994 are presented. The main criterion of the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy was the determination of the percentage of bacterial relapses. The sensitivity of 118 V.cholerae strains to different antibacterial preparations was studied by the method of serial dilutions. After the clinical use of chloramphenicol 29.7% of bacterial relapses were registered, the in vitro resistance of V. cholerae being 32-64 mkg/ml. After the use of tetracycline 16.5% bacterial relapses were registered with in vitro resistance being the same. The use of the combination of these preparations gave 15% of bacterial relapses. Furazolidone gave 4.3% of bacteria relapses, while after the use of ciprofloxacin 2.8% of bacterial relapses were registered with in vitro sensitivity equal to 0.25-0.5 mkg/ml. Ciprofloxacin was recommended for the treatment of cholera patients and furazolidone, for the treatment of Vibrio carriers.

[The preservation of the causative agent of cholera in the water supplies of the central regions of Dagestan (experimental data)]. / O sokhranenii vozbuditelia kholery v vodnykh istochnikakh tsentral'nykh raionov Dagestana (éksperimental'nye dannye).

The acidic pH of water of surface water reservoirs in Izberbash and two adjoining regions, including sea water, seems to be unfavorable for the prolonged preservation of Vibrio cholerae eltor, but additional ecological investigations are necessary to study the possibility for infection to take root at this territory. Water from the Zam-Zam spring, if contaminated with V. cholerae, may serve as a transmission factor, but the duration of its action is limited by the survival term of V. cholerae. The water route of transmission did not play any essential role in the spread of cholera in the central regions of Daghestan.

[The characteristic properties of Vibrio cholerae eltor isolated from environmental objects on the territory of the former USSR during the 7th cholera pandemic]. / Kharakteristika nekotorykh svoistv Vibrio cholerae eltor, vydelennykh iz ob''ektov okruzhaiushchei sredy na territorii byvshego SSSR vo vremia sed'moi pandemii kholery.

The properties of 22,382 V. eltor strains isolated from environmental objects on the territory of different climatic and geographical zones during the period of 1970-1988 were studied. The study was made on the morphology of their colonies, the agglutinability of the strains by cholera O serum, type-specific serum and RO serum, their capacity for being lyzed by V. eltor bacteriophage, their hemolytic activity and virulence. Differences in the occurrence of strains with any of the above-mentioned properties, depending on the object from which they were isolate, the climatic and geographical zone and the intensity of the epidemiological situation with regard to cholera.

[The ecological and geographical aspects of the spread of Vibrio cholerae in environmental objects]. / Ekologo-geograficheskie aspekty rasprostraneniia Vibrio cholerae v ob''ektakh okruzhaiushchei sredy.

The results of studies carried out over the period of 24 years have revealed that V. eltor is widely spread in different ecological systems over a considerable part of the territory of the former USSR in the temperate and subtropical climatic zones. The duration and seasonal character of the isolation of these bacteria depend on climatic and geographical conditions, and their isolation rate greatly depends on the epidemic situation. The intensity and seasonal character of the isolation of V. eltor have been shown to depend on the character of the ecological system. For some water reservoirs definite biotic and abiotic factors capable of influencing the isolation rate of V. eltor have been determined, but no general regularities involving the above-mentioned factors and constantly ensuring such influence have been established.

[The types of the epidemic manifestations of cholera on the territory of the USSR]. / Tipy épidemicheskikh proiavlenii kholery na territorii SSSR.

On the basis of the analysis of cholera cases for the period of 1965-1989 three main main types of epidemic manifestations of this infection on the territory of the USSR were determined with due attention to the complex of data, characterizing the intensity and types of the epidemic process, the danger of the outbreak and spread of cholera. This made it possible to differentiate and decrease the complex of prophylactic measures, depending on the type of the territory.