ABSTRACT
Humulus lupulus (2n = 2x = 20) as a source of hop resins, essential oils and polyphenols has value in brewing, pharmacy and cosmetology. Conventional crossing between tetraploids of 'Sybilla' and diploid males were performed to obtain F1 hybrids. Cytological studies revealed that 83.8% of the hybrids were triploids (2n = 3x = 30), 15.2% were aneuploids in which the chromosome number ranged from 28-32. Tetraploids (2n = 4x = 40) and diploids were also observed, which indicates numerous disturbances of gametogenesis of the parental forms. STS markers specific for male plants showed that females outnumbered male individuals among the F1 hybrids, which is in accordance with the distribution of sex ratio characteristic for diploid hybrids of H. lupulus. Female triploids were compared to the control 'Sybilla' with regard to their functional characteristics and alpha acids content in cones. A two year-long experiment showed that most of the triploids had a significantly higher position of fructiferous branches and shoot twist index compared to diploids of 'Sybilla'. There was also a significantly extended time for them to reach technological maturity of cones. Triploids were distinguished by a significantly lower seed content compared to 'Sybilla', therefore the raw material obtained from them is more suitable for the production of hop pellets and extracts.
ABSTRACT
Thielaviopsis basicola and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) are the most important problems in a moderate climate zone. Previously obtained doubled haploids (DH) of F1 hybrids of the flue-cured line WGL3 resistant to Th. basicola and the dark-cured line PW-834 carrying RTSW-al gene provided the research material. Biological tests and SCAR markers linked with TSWV were applied to confirm resistance of DH. Lines combining resistance to TSWV and Th. basicola were evaluated for morphological and chemical characteristics. Most of DH were significantly shorter than parents but two lines, 31/A/2 and 31/B/3, were close to the flue-cured WGL3. Usually DH possessed fewer leaves while one of them 31/B/3, exceeded parental forms. The doubled haploids flowered later than their parents. The most negative effect was reduced area of mid-position leaves of DH. It might be explained by a recombination during microsporogenesis in F1, however the influence of 'Polalta'-derived RTSW-al gene cannot be excluded. Extensive line to line variation for nicotine and sugars content was not associated with the genes for TSWV and Th. basicola resistance. Biological tests and field performance of DH revealed potential to overcome the negative effect of coupling between the RSTV-al gene and genes responsible for the morphological deformations.
ABSTRACT
Chemically induced polyploids were obtained by the colchicine treatment of shoot tips of Humulus lupulus L. 'Sybilla'. Flow cytometry revealed that most of the treatments resulted in the production of tetraploids. The highest number of tetraploids was obtained when explants were immersed in 0.05% colchicine for 48 h. A field experiment was conducted to compare diploid and tetraploid plants and assess the effect of genome polyploidization on the morphological and chemical characteristics. Tetraploids showed significant differences in relation to diploids. They had thinner and shorter shoots. The influence of chromosome doubling was also reflected in the length, width and area of leaves. The length of female flowers in the tetraploids was significantly shorter than that observed in diploids. Tetraploids produced a diverse number of lupuline glands that were almost twice as large as those observed in diploids. The most distinct effect of genome polyploidization was a significant increase in the weight of cones and spindles. Contents of major chemical constituents of hop cones was little affected by ploidy level. Total essential oils were significantly lower than those in diploids. However there was a significant increase in the proportion of humulene, caryophyllene and farnesene, oils desired by the brewing industry.
ABSTRACT
Black root rot (BRR) caused by Thielaviopsis basicola as well as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) are the most serious problems in tobacco growing regions. We crossed the breeding line WGL 3 carrying BRR resistance derived from N.glauca with the line PW-834 the resistance of which to TSWV was transferred from cultivar Polalta. Anthers obtained from F(1) hybrid plants were cultured to induce haploids combining resistance to Th. basicola and TSWV. Flow cytometry analysis revealed 242 haploids and 2 spontaneous doubled haploids among regenerants. All haploids were cloned and then evaluated for BRR as well as TSWV resistance. The presence of pathogens was detected by microscopic evaluation of roots or using DAS-ELISA test. Microscopic assessment showed that, 132 haploids had no symptoms of Th. basicola which, together with the absence of symptoms in the F(1) hybrids, indicated a dominant monogenic mode of inheritance. At the same time only 30 haploids demonstrated resistance to TSWV. SCAR markers associated with TSWV resistance gene detection was applied. The results indicate that small proportion of TSWV-resistant haploids is probably due to the influence of deleterious genes flanking the resistance factor that reduced vitality of gametophytes. Altogether, 24 haploids showed multiple resistance to Th. basicola and TSWV.
ABSTRACT
Eosinophilia in peripheral blood occurs in allergic as well as non-allergic diseases. In the research there were 26 patients with eosinophil level above 5% encountered in leukocyte smear of peripheral blood encountered. Patients were split into 3 groups: patients with allergic atopic disease (ANN), patients with non-atopic (contact dermatitis) disease and patients with upper airways infection and/or parasitic disease. In the researched groups there were no statistically significant differences of ECP level in serum and of ECP/Eo ratio detected. There were also correlations between ECP and ECP/Eo ratio for every researched group analyzed. The highest correlation was observed in patients with contact dermatitis and in non-atopic patients in general. Initial results show uselessness of applied research methods in the routine differential diagnosis of eosinophilia.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/blood , Dermatitis, Contact/blood , Eosinophil Cationic Protein/blood , Eosinophilia/blood , Eosinophils/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Contact/epidemiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Eosinophilia/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Leukocytes/metabolism , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Interspecific amphihaploid and amphidiploid hybrids between Nicotiana glauca Grah. (2n = 24) and N. tabacum L. (2n = 48) cultivars BY 103 and K 326 were analysed. F1 amphihaploids (2n = 36) were viable and completely self- and cross-sterile, and mostly univalents were present during meiosis (with pairing range from 0 to 5). In some meiocytes, meiotic irregularities were observed, such as sporadic chromatin bridges and formation of restitution nuclei. The resultant F1 hybrids were easily converted to amphidiploids (2n = 72) via colchicine treatment of seedlings. The number of univalents and the frequency of PMCs containing unpaired chromosomes indicated that amphidiploids N. tabacum cv. BY 103 or K 326 x N. glauca represented quite a high pairing category. However, they were male sterile because pollen mother cells were arrested at the tetrad stage. The termination of development of PMCs, and consequently male sterility, are very rare in this kind of tobacco hybrids.
