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1.
Res Vet Sci ; 150: 195-203, 2022 Dec 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35842951

ABSTRACT

Alveolar recruitment manoeuvres (ARM) performed during general anaesthesia improve oxygenation; however cardiovascular depression may be observed. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of sustained inflation (SI) and stepwise ARMs on cardiac output (CO), mean arterial blood pressure and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) in ten mechanically ventilated goats anaesthetised with isoflurane. In the SI ARM, peak inspiratory presure (PIP) was increased to 30 cmH2O and sustained for 20 s. In the stepwise ARM, the PIP was increased by 5 cmH2O each minute for three minutes from 10 to 25 cmH2O. Both ARMs were followed by positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cmH2O. Paired lithium dilution CO measurements and arterial blood samples were obtained before and after each ARM. The order of the ARM was randomised and each goat was subjected to both techniques. Data was reported as median and interquartile range (IQR). Significance was set at 0.05. The median change in CO (measured by subtracting values after and before ARM) was -0.15 L min-1 (IQR -0.51; 0.03) and - 0.90 L min-1 (IQR -1.69; -0.58) for SI and stepwise ARM respectively (p = 0.04). The median change in PaO2 was 3 kPa (IQR -2.7; 7.6) and 0.4 kPa (IQR -3.4; 5.5) for SI and stepwise ARM respectively (p = 0.03). In conclusion, SI ARM causes less impact on CO and provides a better improvement in PaO2 compared to stepwise ARM in goats.


Subject(s)
Isoflurane , Animals , Arterial Pressure , Blood Pressure , Cardiac Output , Goats , Isoflurane/pharmacology , Lithium , Oxygen , Positive-Pressure Respiration/veterinary
2.
Rev. enferm. neurol ; 20(3): 231-236, sep.-dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1372952

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el cuidado es la razón de ser de la profesión de enfermería y constituye su objeto de estudio, convertirlo en el centro de interés de la investigación en enfermería, es una necesidad, pues permitirá robustecer su cuerpo de conocimientos, con fundamentos y principios científicos, humanistas sustentado en modelos teóricos que orientan la disciplina y práctica profesional. Objetivo: describir la vinculación de la teoría de los cuidados al cuidado de niños con enfermedades neuropsiquiátricas durante la estimulación cerebral no invasiva. Material y métodos: revisión no sistemática de la literatura para desarrollar un análisis crítico reflexivo de documentos como: libros, tesis y artículos científicos. Se utilizaron las bases de datos bibliográficas: PubMed, CUMED, CINAHL, CUIDEN, Lilacs y Google académico. Se siguieron los principios de análisis de contenido, integrando la identificación de significados que se señalaban de forma más repetitiva, la consistencia, explicaciones y relaciones de éstos, a través de todos los estudios incluidos en esta revisión. Conclusiones: se evidencia la importancia de realizar una gestión enfocada estratégicamente en los cuidados donde se consideren valores, actitudes y conocimientos de la disciplina que conlleven a realizar un liderazgo dirigido a la meja continua de los cuidados.


Introduction: care is the raison d'être of the nursing profession and constitutes its object of study, making it the center of interest for nursing research, it is a necessity, which will strengthen its body of knowledge, with foundations and scientific, humanistic principles based on theoretical models that guide discipline and professional practice. Objective: describe the link of theory of care to the care of children with neuropsychiatric diseases during non-invasive brain stimulation. Material and methods: a non-systematic review of the literature was carried out to develop a reflective critical analysis of different documents that included books, theses and scientific articles. Bibliographic databases: PubMed, CUMED, CINAHL, CUIDEN, Lilacs and Google Scholar were used. The principles of content analysis were followed, including the identification of meanings that were indicated more repetitively, their consistency, explanations and relationships, throughout all the studies included in this review. Conclusions: Swanson's theory of care describes the relationships between nursing professionals and clients; It contributes to the nursing professional assuming responsible decisions regarding care that ensure their quality.


Subject(s)
Nursing Care , Nursing Theory , Nurse-Patient Relations
3.
Rev Neurol ; 67(2): 41-49, 2018 Jul 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29971757

ABSTRACT

AIM: To know the differences in the patterns of functional connectivity, the topological characteristics of the network and the relationship between these latter and the interictal epileptiform anomalies in children with primary and secondary autism spectrum disorder (ASD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted with 27 children aged between 3 and 13 years diagnosed with ASD. Subjects were submitted to an electroencephalogram in a functional state of spontaneous sleep. Functional connectivity and the properties of the network were analysed using data obtained from the electroencephalogram during the N2 stage of non-REM sleep. The frequency of discharge of the interictal epileptiform activity (FDIEA) was determined and was correlated with the topological properties of the network. RESULTS: Synchronisation was diminished in patients with secondary ASD for the alpha frequency and increased for the theta and delta frequency compared with patients with primary ASD. Local alpha efficiency was higher in patients who presented interictal epileptiform activity. Additionally, in patients with secondary ASD there was a statistically significant positive and negative correlation between FDIEA and the topological properties of the network. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with secondary ASD display patterns of functional connectivity that are weaker for the alpha frequency and stronger for theta and delta than patients with primary ASD. In patients with secondary ASD, the interictal epileptiform activity is related to local and global connectivity of the network for the alpha and beta bands during non-REM sleep.


TITLE: Conectividad funcional derivada del electroencefalograma durante el sueño no REM en los trastornos del espectro autista.Objetivo. Conocer las diferencias en los patrones de conectividad funcional, las caracteristicas topologicas de la red y la relacion de estas con las anomalias epileptiformes interictales en niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) primario y secundario. Pacientes y metodos. Se realizo un estudio retrospectivo con 27 niños de 3-13 años diagnosticados con TEA, a los que se les realizo un electroencefalograma en estado funcional de sueño espontaneo. Se analizo la conectividad funcional y las propiedades de la red a partir de los datos obtenidos del electroencefalograma durante la etapa N2 del sueño no REM. Se determino la frecuencia de descarga de la actividad epileptiforme interictal (FDAEI) y se correlaciono con las propiedades topologicas de la red. Resultados. Los pacientes con TEA secundario tenian una disminucion de la sincronizacion para la frecuencia alfa y un incremento para la frecuencia theta y delta en comparacion con los pacientes con TEA primario. La eficiencia local alfa fue mayor en los pacientes que presentaban actividad epileptiforme interictal. Ademas, en los pacientes con TEA secundario, existia una correlacion positiva y negativa estadisticamente significativa entre la FDAEI y las propiedades topologicas de red. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con TEA secundario muestran patrones de conectividad funcional mas debiles para la frecuencia alfa y mas fuerte para la theta y delta que los pacientes con TEA primario. En pacientes con TEA secundario, la actividad epileptiforme interictal se relaciona con la conectividad local y global de la red para las bandas de frecuencia alfa y beta durante el sueño no REM.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology , Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization/physiology , Electroencephalography , Sleep Stages/physiology , Adolescent , Brain Waves/physiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Connectome , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies
4.
Rehabilitación (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 40(2): 79-85, mar. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044248

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La enfermedad cerebrovascular es una de las principales causas de déficit motor. El presente trabajo evalúa el efecto de la rehabilitación intensiva sobre la reorganización de las proyecciones córtico-motoneuronales a la mano en pacientes con infartos cerebrales del territorio de la arteria cerebral media. Material y método. Se realizó un estudio de cohortes, seleccionando un grupo de 20 pacientes hospitalizados (grupo 1: G1) para recibir tratamiento de rehabilitación intensivo, y otro grupo de 10 pacientes ambulatorios (grupo 2: G2) no tratados en rehabilitación. Todos cumplían los siguientes criterios de inclusión: evolución post-infarto >= 6 meses; puntuación en el índice de Barthel >= 75, y >= 2 en el Medical Research Council de la mano afectada. Se excluyeron aquellos con más de un infarto cerebral, o que portaran dispositivos electromagnéticos. Se realizó la evaluación clínica y electrofisiológica, con un mapeo motor con estimulación magnética transcraneal, analizando el área de respuestas y su localización, antes y después de recibir el tratamiento de 28 días de duración. Se realizaron pruebas de hipótesis para muestras independientes (U de Mann-Whitney) y dependientes (Wilcoxon), alfa = 0,05. Resultados. No se identificaron diferencias significativas entre grupos en las variables analizadas inicialmente (Mann-Whitney U; p > 0,05). En todos los pacientes se obtuvieron respuestas contralaterales al estimular el hemisferio afectado. Los resultados de la segunda evaluación evidenciaron diferencias entre grupos (p < 0,05), con incremento en la puntuación de las escalas clínicas en el G1 con respecto a los valores iniciales (Wilcoxon; Barthel, Z = 3,4793, p = 0,000; MRC; Z = 3,8230, p = 0,00) y en el área de respuestas motoras en ambos hemisferios (Z = 3,9199, p = 0,00). Conclusiones. La rehabilitación intensiva indujo modificaciones en las proyecciones córtico-motoneuronales a la mano en pacientes con infartos cerebrales


Introduction. Cerebrovascular disease is one of the main causes of motor deficits. We evaluated the effect of an intensive rehabilitation program over the reorganization of cortico-motoneuronal projections to the affected hand in patients after stroke from the mean cerebral artery territory. Material and methods. We carried out a cohort study, selecting a group of 20 hospitalized patients (group 1:G1) who were admitted to receive intensive rehabilitation treatment and another group of 10 ambulatory patients (group 2: G2) was selected as control group, they were not receiving at this moment any physical rehabilitation treatment. All the patients fulfilled the following criteria: >= 6 months post-stroke, >= 75 points in the Barthel index, and >= 2 in Medical Research Council in the affected hand. We excluded patients with >= 2 strokes, or who were carriers of electromagnetic devices. Both groups were evaluated before and after 28 days of treatment (only G1); applying the same clinical scales and electrophysiologically with motor mapping using transcranial magnetic stimulation, defining map area and location. Test for dependent (Wilcoxon) and for independent samples (Mann-Whitney U) were performed, with alpha = 0.05. Results. Before treatment both groups were clinically and electrophysiologically similar without any significant statistical difference (Mann Whitney U; p < 0,05). Contralateral responses were obtained in all patients after stimulating the affected hemisphere. Significant differences between groups were demonstrated after treatment; higher values in clinical scales were observed in G1 in comparison to initial values (Wilcoxon: Barthel index, Z = 3.4793, p = 0.000; MRC: Z = 3.8230, p = 0.000) and in the motor map area of both hemispheres (Wilcoxon: Z = 3.9199, p = 0.00). Conclusion. Intensive rehabilitation induced changes in cortico-motoneuronal projections to the hand in patients with stroke


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/rehabilitation , Motor Skills Disorders/etiology , Motor Skills Disorders/rehabilitation , Cohort Studies
5.
Rev Neurol ; 39(7): 613-7, 2004.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15490345

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Corticoespinal dysfunction is a common finding in primary and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PLS and ALS). AIM. To compare the behaviour of motor evoked potentials (MEP) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in patients with ALS and PLS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was performed a retrospective analysis of MEP recordings of 11 patients with PLS and 10 patients with sporadic ALS. Central motor conduction time and amplitude ratio were the selected variables for the statistical analysis of MEP from abductor pollicis brevis and tibialis anterior muscle from the four limbs, using non-parametric methods. RESULTS: As a general observation there was a high incidence of abnormal recordings in both groups of patients; in 30% of recording from ALS patients response to TMS was absent, but only the 4.5% in the group of PLS had the same characteristic. In PLS patients abnormal central motor conduction time was the most frequent finding, as it was the low amplitude ratio in ALS patients; both variables showed statistically significant differences between groups (Kruskall-Wallis, H = 6.32, p = 0.011; and Kruskall-Wallis, H = 5.777, p = 0.0163, respectively). CONCLUSION: Corticoespinal dysfunction has different characteristics in ALS and PLS patients, and the analysis of MEP could add useful information for differential diagnosis of these diseases.


Subject(s)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology , Neural Conduction/physiology , Pyramidal Tracts/physiopathology , Aged , Female , Humans , Magnetics , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Retrospective Studies
6.
Rev Neurol ; 39(7)Oct. 2004.
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-40091

ABSTRACT

Corticoespinal dysfunction is a common finding in primary and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PLS and ALS). AIM. To compare the behaviour of motor evoked potentials (MEP) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in patients with ALS and PLS. It was performed a retrospective analysis of MEP recordings of 11 patients with PLS and 10 patients with sporadic ALS. Central motor conduction time and amplitude ratio were the selected variables for the statistical analysis of MEP from abductor pollicis brevis and tibialis anterior muscle from the four limbs, using non-parametric methods. As a general observation there was a high incidence of abnormal recordings in both groups of patients; in 30 percent of recording from ALS patients response to TMS was absent, but only the 4,5 percent in the group of PLS had the same characteristic. In PLS patients abnormal central motor conduction time was the most frequent finding, as it was the low amplitude ratio in ALS patients; both variables showed statistically significant differences between groups (Kruskall-Wallis, H = 6,32, p = 0,011; and Kruskall-Wallis, H = 5,777, p = 0,0163, respectively). Corticoespinal dysfunction has different characteristics in ALS and PLS patients, and the analysis of MEP could add useful information for differential diagnosis of these diseases(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology , Evoked Potentials, Motor , Neural Conduction/physiology , Pyramidal Tracts/physiopathology
7.
Bol. pediatr ; 44(187): 20-25, 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-37649

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analizar las características de la demanda de asistencia de pacientes en edad pediátrica del Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Río Carrión (Palencia). Pacientes y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de las demandas de asistencia urgente de pacientes menores de 14 años en el citado centro hospitalario durante un año (1999). Se recogieron datos referidos al paciente y la atención médica recibida.Resultados: 5.489 pacientes demandaron asistencia durante 1999 (15,0 niños/día). 55,7 por ciento fueron varones. Diciembre y julio fueron los meses con mayor número de visitas. Los días festivos y los lunes fueron los días con mayor presión. Entre las 20:00 y las 22:00 h existió un incremento en la demanda. El motivo de consulta más frecuente fueron los traumatismos (32,4 por ciento), seguido de la fiebre (17,7 por ciento). Respecto la distribución general por sexos, solo la consulta por dificultad respiratoria mostró diferencias significativas (66,9 por ciento varones; p < 0,005). 37 por ciento de las consultas fueron de niños menores de 24 meses. 55,9 por ciento de los pacientes provenían de ámbito urbano. 57,6 por ciento no consultaron previamente en Atención Primaria (AP). Existe un predominio de traumatismos entre 12-13 años (p < 0,0001) y en ámbito rural (p < 0,001). Tras análisis de regresión logística, se evidenció que los pacientes de ámbito rural, los no traumáticos, los que consultaron previamente en AP y los pacientes con dificultad respiratoria presentan mayor riesgo de ingreso. Conclusiones: Predominan las consultas de menores de 4 años, de ámbito urbano, sin consulta previa en AP. Existen más consultas de varones, pero no es achacable a patología traumática (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Child, Preschool , Infant , Male , Child , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Morbidity/trends , Epidemiologic Studies , Age Distribution , Sex Distribution , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
13.
Rev Neurol ; 34(4): 317-21, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12022045

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The brainstem is a vital structure. Imaging and electrophysiological studies are important aids to clinical diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical, imaging and electrophysiological correlation in 28 patients with chronic brainstem lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the results of physical examination, imaging studies (CAT and MR) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BEAP) in each patient. RESULTS: There was a predominance of males in the group studied. The commonest age groups were between 25 34 and 35 44 years old. Involvement of the cranial nerves was the commonest neurological finding, and the XII cranial nerve was the one most commonly involved. The condition had persisted for 1 to 4 years in 60.8% of the patients. There was a predominance of lesions of the pons in 28.6%. In five patients classical syndromes were seen. The commonest aetiology was ischaemic cerebrovascular disease in 53.6% of the patients. The lesions were detected on MR in 86.6% of the cases and on CAT scans in only 27.3%. The BEAP was abnormal in 75% of the patients. There was close correlation between the clinical topography and results of MR (p<0.05) but little correlation with the CAT scans or PEATC. CONCLUSION: We consider that MR is the investigation of choice in these patients.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Brain Ischemia/physiopathology , Brain Stem , Adult , Brain Ischemia/complications , Brain Stem/blood supply , Brain Stem/diagnostic imaging , Brain Stem/pathology , Chronic Disease , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Female , Humans , Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases/etiology , Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/etiology , Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/physiopathology
15.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 34(4): 317-321, 16 feb., 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-27399

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El tronco cerebral (TC) es una estructura vital y los estudios imaginológicos y electrofisiológicos son un importante complemento al diagnóstico clínico. Objetivos. Definir la correlación clínica, imaginológica y electrofisiológica en 28 pacientes con lesiones del TC en estadio crónico. Pacientes y métodos. Se analizaron los resultados del examen físico, estudios imaginológicos (TAC y RM) y del PEATC, de cada paciente. Resultados. En la muestra predominó el sexo masculino; los grupos de edad más afectados fueron los de 25-34 y 35-44 años; la toma de pares craneales constituyó el signo neurológico más frecuente y, dentro de éstos, el XII par fue el más afectado. El tiempo de evolución del 60,8 por ciento de los pacientes era entre 1 y 4 años. Predominaron las lesiones protuberanciales (28,6 por ciento); en cinco pacientes pudo definirse alguno de los síndromes clásicamente conocidos; la etiología más frecuentemente observada fue la enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) isquémica, en el 53,6 por ciento de los pacientes. La RM detectó lesiones en el 86,6 por ciento de los casos, mientras que la TAC sólo lo hizo en el 27,3 por ciento. El PEATC se alteró en el 75 por ciento de los pacientes. Existió una alta correlación entre la topografía clínica y el resultado de la RM (p< 0,05), y fue pobre la establecida con la TAC y el PEATC. Conclusiones. Planteamos que la RM es la indicación que debe priorizarse en el estudio de estos pacientes (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Infant , Female , Humans , Brain Stem , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Retrospective Studies , Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases , Birth Injuries , Cerebral Palsy , Chronic Disease , Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases , Severity of Illness Index , Telencephalon , Brain Ischemia
16.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 33(12): 1120-1125, 16 dic., 2001.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-27309

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Múltiples y diversas son las entidades gnosológicas que tienen como factor común la génesis de respuestas evocadas corticales de gran amplitud y que han sido comúnmente denominados como potenciales evocados gigantes. En la mayor parte de los casos se trata de afecciones que tienen como característica clínica común la presencia de mioclonías de origen cortical, tales como las epilepsias mioclónicas progresivas, epilepsias idiopáticas generalizadas, mioclonías de origen tóxico, infeccioso y postanóxico. En el estudio de lesiones hemisféricas focales también se han demostrado potenciales gigantes, lo mismo que en algunos casos de pacientes con degeneración corticobasal. Objetivo. Este trabajo pretende ejemplificar a través de la presentación de casos interesantes algunas de las entidades mencionadas, y revisar algunos conceptos acerca de los mecanismos que podrían estar involucrados en la génesis de estas respuestas electrofisiológicas particulares. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron 6 pacientes entre 2 y 22 años de edad a los que se realizaron estudios de potenciales evocados multimodales, electroencefalograma y estudios imaginológicos. Resultados. Se constataron potenciales somatosensoriales gigantes en los pacientes con mioclonías evidentes, en tanto que los potenciales visuales de gran amplitud fueron comunes al resto de los casos presentados, en presencia o no de mioclonías. Conclusiones. Los potenciales evocados gigantes responden a un estado de hiperexcitabilidad cortical que puede tener orígenes diversos (AU)


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Adolescent , Male , Female , Humans , Spain , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sweden , Prevalence , Immunoblotting , Multiple Sclerosis , Myoclonus , Nervous System Diseases , Retrospective Studies , Reference Values , Oligoclonal Bands , Autoimmune Diseases , Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins , Demyelinating Diseases , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunoglobulins , Immunoglobulin G , Isoelectric Focusing , Inflammation , Electroencephalography , Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory , Single-Blind Method , Predictive Value of Tests , Telencephalon
18.
Rev Neurol ; 32(11): 1022-6, 2001.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11562822

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Studies have been published recommending rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis (EM), but in practice this is often not indicated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We made a retrospective analysis of 41 patients diagnosed as definitely having EM (clinical form of relapse remission, in phase of remission) according to the criteria of Poser et al. These patients carried out a programme of intensive multifactorial rehabilitation of 41 hours per week with a minimum duration of 10 days and a maximum of 178 days. There were classified on the EDSS scale of Kurztke and Hanser s ambulatory index on admission and when their treatment had finished. These results were compared using the Wilcoxon test for paired series and we analysed the relation between the time of treatment and final score on the scales applying the Spearman s multiple range correlation test. RESULTS: The differences were statistically significant between the scores for initial and final evaluations of the Kurztke and Hauser scales (Z: 3.17, p: 0.001475 and Z: 3.29, p: 0.000983 respectively). No correlation was shown between total duration of treatment or total duration of the disorder and the final score on the scale (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Intensive multifactorial rehabilitation treatment may have a positive effect in patients with Em with the clinical form of relapse remission, according to the scales applied. We therefore recommend their indication in patients during the remission phase.


Subject(s)
Multiple Sclerosis/rehabilitation , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/rehabilitation , Retrospective Studies
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