ABSTRACT
Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico da meningite bacteriana em crianças de zero a 14 anos de idade residentes no estado de Pernambuco, 2001-2010. Método: estudo descritivo, cuja população foi composta por todos os casos de meningite bacteriana confirmados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). Utilizou-se o programa EpiInfo 7 para a análise dos dados. Resultados: foram confirmados 4.379 casos, com coeficiente de detecção médio de 1,69/10.000 habitantes. Observou-se concentração dos casos no sexo masculino 2.504 (57,26%) e na faixa etária dos menores de um ano (n=1.605, 36,70%). Entre os 1.357 casos com etiologia especificada, 446 eram de meningite meningocócica com meningococemia. Verificou-se que 3.629 (85,32%) evoluíram para alta e 603 (14,18%) para óbito, com coeficiente de letalidade 13,77%. Conclusão: a meningite bacteriana continua apresentando uma significativa morbidade e letalidade. Informações epidemiológicas são importantes para iniciar medidas de saúde pública e assegurar uma assistência adequada.(AU)
Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of bacterial meningitis in children aged zero to 14 years living in the state of Pernambuco, 2001-2010. Method: this was a descriptive study on a population composed of all confirmed cases of bacterial meningitis in the notifiable diseases information system (Sinan). The EpiInfo 7 software was used to analyze the data. Results: 4379 cases were confirmed, with a mean coefficient of detection of 1.69/10,000 inhabitants. Concentrations of cases were observed among males (n = 2504; 57.26%) and among infants less than one year old (n= 1605; 36.70%). Among the 1357 cases with specified etiology, 446 consisted of meningococcal meningitis with meningococcemia. It was observed that 3629 (85.32%) recovered from the disease and 603 (14.18%) died, with a lethality rate of 13.77%. Conclusion: Bacterial meningitis continues to present significant morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological information is important for enabling public health measures and ensuring adequate care provision.(AU)
Objetivo: describir el perfil epidemiológico de la meningitis bacteriana en niños de cero a catorce años de edad residentes en el Estado de Pernambuco, 2001-2010. Método: estudio descriptivo, cuyo universo está compuesto por todos los casos de meningitis bacteriana confirmados en el Sistema de Información de Notificaciones de Atención (Sinan). Se empleó el programa Epilnfo 7 para el análisis de datos. Resultados: se confirmaron 4.379 casos con coeficiente de detección medio de 1,69/10.000 habitantes. Se apreció concentración de casos en el sexo masculino 2.504 (57,26%) y entre los menores de un año (n=1.605, 36,70%). Entre los 1.357 casos con etiología especificada, 446 eran de meningitis meningocócica, con meningococemia. Se verificó que 3.629 (85,32%) evolucionaron hacia el alta y 603 (14,18%) al óbito, con coeficiente de mortandad de 13,77%. Conclusión: la meningitis bacteriana continúa presentando una significativa morbilidad y mortandad. Informaciones epidemiológicas son necesarias para iniciar medidas de sanidad pública y asegurar una asistencia adecuada.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Child , Child Health , Meningitis, Bacterial , Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology , Health Information Systems , Public Health , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a distribuição espacial da esquistossomose na comunidade horticultora de Natuba, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco. Foi conduzido um inquérito parasitológico, onde foi examinado o material fecal de 310 moradores da comunidade. Os casos positivos para Schistosoma mansoni foram georreferenciados e incluídos no croqui da localidade, gerando os mapas de distribuição espacial com estimadores de kernel. Os resultados apresentaram uma alta prevalência para esquistossomose, com 28,4% da população parasitada. Outros parasitos foram encontrados em 25,8% da população. O uso das ferramentas de geoprocessamento permitiu mapear e compreender a distribuição dos casos de esquistossomose no espaço ocupado pela comunidade, destacando e relacionando locais de menor altitude (passíveis de alagamento), com uma maior frequência de casos humanos. Estudos como este fornecem informações para que os serviços de saúde local possam intervir e promover mudanças para que indivíduos residentes em áreas com baixas condições habitacionais minimizem sua exposição ao risco de contrair a esquistossomose.
The objective of this study was to describe the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis in horticultural community of Natuba, district of Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco state. It was conducted a parasitological survey, examined the fecal material of 310 community residents. The cases positive for Schistosoma mansoni were geocoded and included in the computerized template of the community, generating maps of spatial distribution with kernel estimators. The results showed a high prevalence of schistosomiasis, with 28.4% of the parasites. Other parasites were found in 25.8% of the population. The use of GIS tools to map and understand the possible distribution of cases of schistosomiasis in the space occupied by the community highlighting and listing locations of lower elevation (able to flooding), with a higher frequency of human cases. Studies like this provide information to the local health services, may intervene and bring about change for individuals living in areas with low housing conditions to minimize their exposure to risk of contracting schistosomiasis.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Gardening , Spatial Analysis , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Residence CharacteristicsABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the photoinactivators used in hemotherapy, with action on viral genomes. The SciELO, Science Direct, PubMed and Lilacs databases were searched for articles. The inclusion criterion was that these should be articles on inactivators with action on genetic material that had been published between 2000 and 2010. The key words used in identifying such articles were "hemovigilance", "viral inactivation", "photodynamics", "chemoprevention" and "transfusion safety". Twenty-four articles on viral photoinactivation were found with the main photoinactivators covered being: methylene blue, amotosalen HCl, S-303 frangible anchor linker effector (FRALE), riboflavin and inactin. The results showed that methylene blue has currently been studied least, because it diminishes coagulation factors and fibrinogen. Riboflavin has been studied most because it is a photoinactivator of endogenous origin and has few collateral effects. Amotosalen HCl is effective for platelets and is also used on plasma, but may cause changes both to plasma and to platelets, although these are not significant for hemostasis. S-303 FRALE may lead to neoantigens in erythrocytes and is less indicated for red-cell treatment; in such cases, PEN 110 is recommended. Thus, none of the methods for pathogen reduction is effective for all classes of agents and for all blood components, but despite the high cost, these photoinactivators may diminish the risk of blood-transmitted diseases.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to describe the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis in horticultural community of Natuba, district of Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco state. It was conducted a parasitological survey, examined the fecal material of 310 community residents. The cases positive for Schistosoma mansoni were geocoded and included in the computerized template of the community, generating maps of spatial distribution with kernel estimators. The results showed a high prevalence of schistosomiasis, with 28.4% of the parasites. Other parasites were found in 25.8% of the population. The use of GIS tools to map and understand the possible distribution of cases of schistosomiasis in the space occupied by the community highlighting and listing locations of lower elevation (able to flooding), with a higher frequency of human cases. Studies like this provide information to the local health services, may intervene and bring about change for individuals living in areas with low housing conditions to minimize their exposure to risk of contracting schistosomiasis.
Subject(s)
Gardening , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Spatial Analysis , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Residence Characteristics , Young AdultABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the photoinactivators used in hemotherapy, with action on viral genomes. The SciELO, Science Direct, PubMed and Lilacs databases were searched for articles. The inclusion criterion was that these should be articles on inactivators with action on genetic material that had been published between 2000 and 2010. The key words used in identifying such articles were "hemovigilance", "viral inactivation", "photodynamics", "chemoprevention" and "transfusion safety". Twenty-four articles on viral photoinactivation were found with the main photoinactivators covered being: methylene blue, amotosalen HCl, S-303 frangible anchor linker effector (FRALE), riboflavin and inactin. The results showed that methylene blue has currently been studied least, because it diminishes coagulation factors and fibrinogen. Riboflavin has been studied most because it is a photoinactivator of endogenous origin and has few collateral effects. Amotosalen HCl is effective for platelets and is also used on plasma, but may cause changes both to plasma and to platelets, although these are not significant for hemostasis. S-303 FRALE may lead to neoantigens in erythrocytes and is less indicated for red-cell treatment; in such cases, PEN 110 is recommended. Thus, none of the methods for pathogen reduction is effective for all classes of agents and for all blood components, but despite the high cost, these photoinactivators may diminish the risk of blood-transmitted diseases.
Subject(s)
Nucleic Acids , Chemoprevention , Virus Inactivation , Blood SafetyABSTRACT
Embora alguns estudos realizados com a finalidade de identificar fatores condicionantes da infecção ou da doença filarial tenham reconhecido a importância da agregação familiar na dinâmica de transmissão dessa infecção, poucos trabalhos apresentaram como objetivo discutir a investigação familiar ou domiciliar utilizando a detecção da microfilária como um indicador da infecção e relacionando-se aos fatores sócio-econômicos e ambientais do domicílio. O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a distribuição em domicílios, com e sem infecção filarial, identificando se existem diferenças relacionadas a fatores sócio-econômicos e ambientais nos residentes de Cavaleiro, Jaboatão dos Guararapes-PE. Para tal selecionou-se o desenho de estudo seccional, descritivo, considerando o domicílio como a unidade de estudo. Foram utilizados dados secundários. 1.511 domicílios foram selecionados. A análise foi realizada de acordo com as variáveis selecionadas e verificou-se que havia 164 domicílios positivos indicando uma prevalência de 10,85 (por cento). Observou-se que a média de residentes nos domicílios negativos foi de 3,81 enquanto que nos domicílios positivos foi de 5,28. Quanto aos fatores sócioeconômicos, foi constatado a importância da renda e da média do número de moradores residentes. Já quanto aos fatores sócio-ambientais, verificou-se o que há resquícios de que as condições precárias de esgotamento sanitário podem ser condicionantes da infecção filarial. Sendo assim, pode-se considerar que a infecção filarial está intimamente relacionada com as condições de vida da população.
