Clinical and immunohistopathological aspects of venous ulcers treatment by Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS).

The immunological mechanisms that are triggered by Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) in wound healing are unknown. In the present study, experimental groups were used to assess the treatment of chronic venous ulcers with 30mW/cm(2) SATA peripheral LIPUS three times per week compared to a daily treatment of 1% silver sulfadiazine (SDZ). The ulcers of the SDZ group (n=7) (G1) and LIPUS group (n=9) (G2) were photographed five times three months, and the images were analyzed using ImageJ software to quantify the total area (S), fibrin/sphacel area (yellow) and granulation area (red). The healing process was evaluated by the wound healing rate (WHR), granulation tissue rate (GTR) and fibrin/sphacel tissue rate (FTR). The ulcers were biopsied on days 1 and 45 and stained for collagen fiber quantification (picrosirius) and CD68(+) protein and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) expression using HRP-streptavidin (horseradish peroxidase-streptavidin). On day 90, G2 had a mean 41% decrease in the ulcer area, while no decrease was observed in G1 (p<0.05). An increased tendency toward positive labeling of collagen fibers and VEGF (p>0.05) was observed in G2 compared to G1, and the number of CD68(+) cells was greater in G2 than in G1 (p<0.05). LIPUS presents superior activity compared to SDZ in stimulating the inflammatory and proliferative (angiogenesis and collagenesis, respectively) phases of chronic venous wound healing.

Natural-biomembrane dressing and hypersensitivity.

BACKGROUND: The natural biomembrane of latex extracted from Hevea brasiliensis has been used as a dressing for skin ulcers. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how safe the natural biomembrane is in relation to hypersensitivity to latex when used as a dressing. METHODS: We selected patients with skin ulcers, forming the following groups: control - low occupational exposure to latex (n = 17); latex-exposed control - high occupational exposure (n = 14); ulcerated, using the natural biomembrane (n = 13); ulcerated control, not using the natural biomembrane (n = 14); and new cases (n = 9), assessed before and after 3 months of using the natural biomembrane. All patients underwent clinical and epidemiological evaluation for latex hypersensitivity and specific IgE (UniCap(®)), and the control and latex-exposed control groups underwent the patch test. RESULTS: Hypersensitivity was positive in 64.7% of the patients in the control group, 71.4% of the patients in the latex-exposed control group, 61.5% of the ulcerated using the natural biomembrane, 35.7% of the ulcerated control, and only 22 , 2% of the new cases. In the patch test of the control and latex-exposed control groups, only one individual in the control group (low contact) showed erythema in the first reading, which became negative in the second. The mean contact with latex in the latex-exposed control group was 3.42 hours / day. In the fluoroimmunoenzymatic assay, most of the sera was classified as zero (range 0-6). No serum was rated above 2, which is not considered significant for hypersensitivity (classification > 4). CONCLUSION: The natural biomembrane proved to be safe as a dressing, for it did not induce hypersensitivity reactions among the volunteers who underwent the patch test or among users of the natural biomembrane, as it was clinically and immunologically demonstrated by IgE levels.

Curativo de biomembrana vegetal e hipersensibilidade / Natural-biomembrane dressing and hypersensitivity

FUNDAMENTOS: A biomembrana vegetal do látex da seringueira Hevea brasiliensis tem sido usada como curativo para úlceras cutâneas. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a segurança da biomembrana vegetal como curativo em relação à hipersensibilidade ao látex. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados pacientes com úlceras cutâneas constituindo-se os grupos: controle - baixa exposição profissional ao látex (n=17); alta exposição profissional (n=14); ulcerados em uso da biomembrana vegetal (n=13); ulcerados-controle sem uso da biomembrana vegetal (n=14) e casos novos (n=9), submetidos à avaliação pré e após 3 meses de uso da biomembrana vegetal. Todos foram submetidos à avaliação clínico-epidemiológica quanto à hipersensibilidade ao látex e IgE específica (UniCap®), e os grupos controle e controle exposto ao látex ao "patch test". RESULTADOS: A história de hipersensibilidade foi positiva em 64,7 por cento dos pacientes do grupo-controle, 71,4 por cento do controle exposto ao látex, 61,5 por cento dos ulcerados em uso da biomembrana vegetal, 35,7 por cento dos ulcerados-controle, e apenas 22,2 por cento no grupo casos novos. Ao teste de contato dos grupos controle e controle exposto ao látex, apenas um indivíduo do grupo C (baixo contato) apresentou eritema na primeira leitura, negativando-se na segunda. A média de contato com látex no grupo-controle exposto ao látex foi de 3,42 horas/dia. No ensaio fluoroimunoenzimático, a grande maioria dos soros foi classificada como zero (variação 0 a 6). Nenhum soro recebeu classificação acima de 2, não sendo considerada classificação significante para hipersensibilidade (classificação > 4). CONCLUSÃO: A biomembrana vegetal mostrou-se segura como curativo, pois não induziu reações de hipersensibilidade entre os voluntários submetidos ao "patch test", nem entre os usuários da biomembrana vegetal, como demonstrado clinica e imunologicamente pela dosagem de IgE.

BACKGROUND: The natural biomembrane of latex extracted from Hevea brasiliensis has been used as a dressing for skin ulcers. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how safe the natural biomembrane is in relation to hypersensitivity to latex when used as a dressing. METHODS: We selected patients with skin ulcers, forming the following groups: control - low occupational exposure to latex (n = 17); latex-exposed control - high occupational exposure (n = 14); ulcerated, using the natural biomembrane (n = 13); ulcerated control, not using the natural biomembrane (n = 14); and new cases (n = 9), assessed before and after 3 months of using the natural biomembrane. All patients underwent clinical and epidemiological evaluation for latex hypersensitivity and specific IgE (UniCap®), and the control and latex-exposed control groups underwent the patch test. RESULTS: Hypersensitivity was positive in 64.7 percent of the patients in the control group, 71.4 percent of the patients in the latex-exposed control group, 61.5 percent of the ulcerated using the natural biomembrane, 35.7 percent of the ulcerated control, and only 22 , 2 percent of the new cases. In the patch test of the control and latex-exposed control groups, only one individual in the control group (low contact) showed erythema in the first reading, which became negative in the second. The mean contact with latex in the latex-exposed control group was 3.42 hours / day. In the fluoroimmunoenzymatic assay, most of the sera was classified as zero (range 0-6). No serum was rated above 2, which is not considered significant for hypersensitivity (classification > 4). CONCLUSION: The natural biomembrane proved to be safe as a dressing, for it did not induce hypersensitivity reactions among the volunteers who underwent the patch test or among users of the natural biomembrane, as it was clinically and immunologically demonstrated by IgE levels.

Tactile threshold detection in leprosy patients with an electronic algometer.

OBJECTIVE: To propose an electronic method for sensitivity evaluation in leprosy and to compare it to the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments. METHODS: Thirty patients attending the Dermatology outpatient clinic of HCFMRP-USP were consecutively evaluated by both the electronic aesthesiometer and Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments on hand and foot test points. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine the variability of the electronic measures and the Kappa coefficient was calculated to determine the agreement between methods according to their categories (altered and non-altered tactile sensitivity). RESULTS: The ICC was approximately 1, demonstrating repeatability. The Kappa coefficient showed more than 75 and 63% agreement on the hand and foot points, respectively. The mean agreement between the 2 methods for the 7 points of the right and left hand was 77.14 and 75.71%, respectively. The mean agreement for all 10 points was 74.33 and 63.66% on the right and left foot, respectively. In cases of disagreement the detection of altered tactile sensitivity by the electronic esthesiometer on the right and left foot was 90.91 and 84.25%, respectively, with no detection by the monofilaments. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the electronic esthesiometer is a reliable and easy application, capable of evaluating alterations of tactile sensitivity in leprosy patients.

Úlceras cutâneas na hanseníase: perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes / Skin ulcers in leprosy: clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients

FUNDAMENTOS: A hanseníase é uma doença de evolução crônica cuja lesão nervosa determina alterações sensitivas e motoras, levando à instalação de deformidades assim como as úlceras cutâneas. OBJETIVO: Traçar perfil epidemiológico dos hansenianos ulcerados e não ulcerados atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto 2003/2004. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de 79 hansenianos atendidos em 2003 e 2004 junto ao Arquivo Médico, separando-os em Grupo 1 RESULTADOS: Nesta amostra, 69,6 por cento eram do sexo masculino, 91,1 por cento brancos e baciloscopia positiva em 62 por cento. Destes, 25 (32 por cento) pacientes apresentaram ulcerações (Grupo 1) localizadas nos membros inferiores em 68 por cento dos casos, classificados como grau II de incapacidade (72 por cento), diferente em relação ao grupo 2 (p<0,01). Na classificação espectral da hanseníase, comparando os pares de grupos observaram-se diferenças entre tuberculóide e virchowiano (p<0,01), dimorfo e dimorfo-virchowiano (p<0,05), e este com virchowiano (p<0,01). Na operacional, 80 por cento dos ulcerados eram multibacilares enquanto 12 por cento paucibacilares (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Os Grupos 1 e 2 foram epidemiologicamente semelhantes. As ulcerações dos hansenianos parecem estar relacionadas ao grau II de incapacidade e à positividade da baciloscopia, características detectadas por ambas as classificações (espectral e operacional).

BACKGROUND: Leprosy is a chronic disease and its complications include neural lesions, which may cause motor and sensitive changes, leading to deformities as well as skin ulcers. OBJECTIVE: To show the epidemiological profile of leprosy patients with ulcerated and non-ulcerated lesions, seen at the Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. METHODS: A cross-section study of the medical charts of 79 leprosy patients seen at the hospital in 2003/2004. Patients were classified into Group 1 (ulcerated lesions) and Group 2 (non-ulcerated lesions) based on their clinical and epidemiological characteristics. RESULTS: In this sample, 69.6 percent were male, 91.1 percent white and positive bacilli were found in 62 percent. Among them, 25 (32 percent) presented skin ulcers (Group 1) located on the lower limbs in 68 percent of cases, classified as disability grade II (72 percent), as compared to group 2 (p<0.01). Based on spectral leprosy classification, there were differences between tuberculoid and lepromatous (p<0.01), borderline and borderline lepromatous (p<0.05) and between the latter one and lepromatous form (p<0.01). As to the operational classification, 80 percent of patients with ulcers were multibacillary and 12 percent were paucibacillary (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Groups 1 and 2 were epidemiologically similar. The ulcerated skin lesions seem to be related to disability grade II and to positive bacilli detected by both spectral and operational classifications.